The entire economy is on back step due to Corona Virus pandemic. In this presention i have analysed the impact of COVID on various sectors of the economy.
The entire economy is on back step due to Corona Virus pandemic. In this presention i have analysed the impact of COVID on various sectors of the economy.
Here is the detailed analysis on economic impact of Covid-19 on India. You'll get enlightened about the losses and impacts incurred on different sectors of society due to lockdown.
And also the mitigation steps by the govt. to fight the invisible foe which entered the human paradise.
Furthermore, Covid may have worst economic recession on India, but every coin has two sides, so as here - the Bright Side, like Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan, Digital India and hundreds of other new opportunities are raised.
Summary on Sections -
slide 1 : Topic
slide 2-5 : Introduction
slide 6-16 : Knowledge Content/Research Work
slide 17-19 : Conclusion
slide 20 : Bibliography
slide 21 : Outro
This presentation says about concepts and methods to measure National income, Estimation of national income pre and post independence and trends over years
Impact of covid 19 on Indian Economy & Banking SectorDr Praveen S
Impact of Covid-19 on indian Economy & Banking Sector
Topics covered:
- What is Covid-19 ((Corona Virus Disease) ?
- Socio - Economic Effects of Covid-19 on global society.
- How Covid-19 hit India?
- Impact of COVID-19 on Indian Economy.
- Impact of COVID-19 on Indian Banking Sector.
- Steps to be taken by Indian Banks.
Here is the detailed analysis on economic impact of Covid-19 on India. You'll get enlightened about the losses and impacts incurred on different sectors of society due to lockdown.
And also the mitigation steps by the govt. to fight the invisible foe which entered the human paradise.
Furthermore, Covid may have worst economic recession on India, but every coin has two sides, so as here - the Bright Side, like Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan, Digital India and hundreds of other new opportunities are raised.
Summary on Sections -
slide 1 : Topic
slide 2-5 : Introduction
slide 6-16 : Knowledge Content/Research Work
slide 17-19 : Conclusion
slide 20 : Bibliography
slide 21 : Outro
This presentation says about concepts and methods to measure National income, Estimation of national income pre and post independence and trends over years
Impact of covid 19 on Indian Economy & Banking SectorDr Praveen S
Impact of Covid-19 on indian Economy & Banking Sector
Topics covered:
- What is Covid-19 ((Corona Virus Disease) ?
- Socio - Economic Effects of Covid-19 on global society.
- How Covid-19 hit India?
- Impact of COVID-19 on Indian Economy.
- Impact of COVID-19 on Indian Banking Sector.
- Steps to be taken by Indian Banks.
Macroeconomics deals with the economy as a whole; it examines the behavior of economic aggregates such as aggregate income, consumption, investment, and the overall level of prices.
Macroeconomics deals with the economy as a whole; it examines the behavior of economic aggregates such as aggregate income, consumption, investment, and the overall level of prices.
Macroeconomics deals with the economy as a whole; it examines the behavior of economic aggregates such as aggregate income, consumption, investment, and the overall level of prices.
Macroeconomics deals with the economy as a whole; it examines the behavior of economic aggregates such as aggregate income, consumption, investment, and the overall level of prices.
Macroeconomics deals with the economy as a whole; it examines the behavior of economic aggregates such as aggregate income, consumption, investment, and the overall level of prices.
Macroeconomics deals with the economy as a whole; it examines the behavior of economic aggregates such as aggregate income, consumption, investment, and the overall level of prices.
Macroeconomics deals with the economy as a whole; it examines the behavior of economic aggregates such as aggregate income, consumption, investment, and the overall level of prices.
Macroeconomics deals with the economy as a whole; it examines the behavior of economic aggregates such as aggregate income, consumption, investment, and the overall level of prices.
Macroeconomics deals with the economy as a whole; it examines the behavior of economic aggregates such as aggregate income, consumption, investment, and the overall level of prices.
Macroeconomics deals with the economy as a whole; it examines the behavior of economic aggregates such as aggregate income, consumption, investment, and the overall level of prices.
Macroeconomics deals with the economy as a whole; it examines the behavior of economic aggregates such as aggregate income, consumption, investment, and the overall level of prices.
Macroeconomics deals with the economy as a whole; it examines the behavior of economic aggregates such as aggregate income, consumption, investment, and the overall level of prices.
Macroeconomics deals with the economy as a whole; it examines the behavior of economic aggregates such as aggregate income, consumption, investment, and the overall level of prices.
Macroeconomics deals with the economy as a whole; it examines the behavior of economic aggregates such as aggregate income, consumption, investment, and the overall level of prices.
Macroeconomics deals with the economy as a whole; it examines the behavior of economic aggregates such as aggregate income, consumption, investment, and the overall level of prices.
Macroeconomics deals with the economy as a whole; it examines the behavior of economic aggregates such as aggregate income, consumption, investment, and the overall level of prices.
Concept of national income and comparison with pakistanAgamya Dixit
It discusses the various concepts of national income like GDP, GNP, circular flow of income , etc .. It also brings to light the data related to national income for past few years and the trends. It also presents a comparison with the national income trends of Pakistan.
This PPT Aims to provide knowledge and Understanding about the concept of GDP, Types of GDP, Importance of GDP, Formula For GDP and other concept Related to GDP.
National income accounting provides us with ex-post data about national income, it cannot explain the level and determinants of national income. The following identities are true for any level of income. In order to explain and predict the level of national income, models are constructed.
how can I sell pi coins after successfully completing KYCDOT TECH
Pi coins is not launched yet in any exchange 💱 this means it's not swappable, the current pi displaying on coin market cap is the iou version of pi. And you can learn all about that on my previous post.
RIGHT NOW THE ONLY WAY you can sell pi coins is through verified pi merchants. A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges and crypto whales. Looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale or ico offerings, the only way to get my coins is from buying from miners. So a merchant facilitates the transactions between the miners and these exchanges holding pi.
I and my friends has sold more than 6000 pi coins successfully with this method. I will be happy to share the contact of my personal pi merchant. The one i trade with, if you have your own merchant you can trade with them. For those who are new.
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram.
I wouldn't advise you selling all percentage of the pi coins. Leave at least a before so its a win win during open mainnet. Have a nice day pioneers ♥️
#kyc #mainnet #picoins #pi #sellpi #piwallet
#pinetwork
how to sell pi coins at high rate quickly.DOT TECH
Where can I sell my pi coins at a high rate.
Pi is not launched yet on any exchange. But one can easily sell his or her pi coins to investors who want to hold pi till mainnet launch.
This means crypto whales want to hold pi. And you can get a good rate for selling pi to them. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor below.
A vendor is someone who buys from a miner and resell it to a holder or crypto whale.
Here is the telegram contact of my vendor:
@Pi_vendor_247
Empowering the Unbanked: The Vital Role of NBFCs in Promoting Financial Inclu...Vighnesh Shashtri
In India, financial inclusion remains a critical challenge, with a significant portion of the population still unbanked. Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) have emerged as key players in bridging this gap by providing financial services to those often overlooked by traditional banking institutions. This article delves into how NBFCs are fostering financial inclusion and empowering the unbanked.
how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)DOT TECH
Anywhere in the world, including Africa, America, and Europe, you can sell Pi Network Coins online and receive cash through online payment options.
Pi has not yet been launched on any exchange because we are currently using the confined Mainnet. The planned launch date for Pi is June 28, 2026.
Reselling to investors who want to hold until the mainnet launch in 2026 is currently the sole way to sell.
Consequently, right now. All you need to do is select the right pi network provider.
Who is a pi merchant?
An individual who buys coins from miners on the pi network and resells them to investors hoping to hang onto them until the mainnet is launched is known as a pi merchant.
debuts.
I'll provide you the Telegram username
@Pi_vendor_247
Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank Introduce New Co-Branded Credit Cardnickysharmasucks
The unveiling of the IndusInd Bank Poonawalla Fincorp eLITE RuPay Platinum Credit Card marks a notable milestone in the Indian financial landscape, showcasing a successful partnership between two leading institutions, Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank. This co-branded credit card not only offers users a plethora of benefits but also reflects a commitment to innovation and adaptation. With a focus on providing value-driven and customer-centric solutions, this launch represents more than just a new product—it signifies a step towards redefining the banking experience for millions. Promising convenience, rewards, and a touch of luxury in everyday financial transactions, this collaboration aims to cater to the evolving needs of customers and set new standards in the industry.
how to sell pi coins in South Korea profitably.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network coins in South Korea or any other country, by finding a verified pi merchant
What is a verified pi merchant?
Since pi network is not launched yet on any exchange, the only way you can sell pi coins is by selling to a verified pi merchant, and this is because pi network is not launched yet on any exchange and no pre-sale or ico offerings Is done on pi.
Since there is no pre-sale, the only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners. So a pi merchant facilitates these transactions by acting as a bridge for both transactions.
How can i find a pi vendor/merchant?
Well for those who haven't traded with a pi merchant or who don't already have one. I will leave the telegram id of my personal pi merchant who i trade pi with.
Tele gram: @Pi_vendor_247
#pi #sell #nigeria #pinetwork #picoins #sellpi #Nigerian #tradepi #pinetworkcoins #sellmypi
Even tho Pi network is not listed on any exchange yet.
Buying/Selling or investing in pi network coins is highly possible through the help of vendors. You can buy from vendors[ buy directly from the pi network miners and resell it]. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal vendor.
@Pi_vendor_247
The European Unemployment Puzzle: implications from population agingGRAPE
We study the link between the evolving age structure of the working population and unemployment. We build a large new Keynesian OLG model with a realistic age structure, labor market frictions, sticky prices, and aggregate shocks. Once calibrated to the European economy, we quantify the extent to which demographic changes over the last three decades have contributed to the decline of the unemployment rate. Our findings yield important implications for the future evolution of unemployment given the anticipated further aging of the working population in Europe. We also quantify the implications for optimal monetary policy: lowering inflation volatility becomes less costly in terms of GDP and unemployment volatility, which hints that optimal monetary policy may be more hawkish in an aging society. Finally, our results also propose a partial reversal of the European-US unemployment puzzle due to the fact that the share of young workers is expected to remain robust in the US.
Latino Buying Power - May 2024 Presentation for Latino CaucusDanay Escanaverino
Unlock the potential of Latino Buying Power with this in-depth SlideShare presentation. Explore how the Latino consumer market is transforming the American economy, driven by their significant buying power, entrepreneurial contributions, and growing influence across various sectors.
**Key Sections Covered:**
1. **Economic Impact:** Understand the profound economic impact of Latino consumers on the U.S. economy. Discover how their increasing purchasing power is fueling growth in key industries and contributing to national economic prosperity.
2. **Buying Power:** Dive into detailed analyses of Latino buying power, including its growth trends, key drivers, and projections for the future. Learn how this influential group’s spending habits are shaping market dynamics and creating opportunities for businesses.
3. **Entrepreneurial Contributions:** Explore the entrepreneurial spirit within the Latino community. Examine how Latino-owned businesses are thriving and contributing to job creation, innovation, and economic diversification.
4. **Workforce Statistics:** Gain insights into the role of Latino workers in the American labor market. Review statistics on employment rates, occupational distribution, and the economic contributions of Latino professionals across various industries.
5. **Media Consumption:** Understand the media consumption habits of Latino audiences. Discover their preferences for digital platforms, television, radio, and social media. Learn how these consumption patterns are influencing advertising strategies and media content.
6. **Education:** Examine the educational achievements and challenges within the Latino community. Review statistics on enrollment, graduation rates, and fields of study. Understand the implications of education on economic mobility and workforce readiness.
7. **Home Ownership:** Explore trends in Latino home ownership. Understand the factors driving home buying decisions, the challenges faced by Latino homeowners, and the impact of home ownership on community stability and economic growth.
This SlideShare provides valuable insights for marketers, business owners, policymakers, and anyone interested in the economic influence of the Latino community. By understanding the various facets of Latino buying power, you can effectively engage with this dynamic and growing market segment.
Equip yourself with the knowledge to leverage Latino buying power, tap into their entrepreneurial spirit, and connect with their unique cultural and consumer preferences. Drive your business success by embracing the economic potential of Latino consumers.
**Keywords:** Latino buying power, economic impact, entrepreneurial contributions, workforce statistics, media consumption, education, home ownership, Latino market, Hispanic buying power, Latino purchasing power.
NO1 Uk Black Magic Specialist Expert In Sahiwal, Okara, Hafizabad, Mandi Bah...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
What price will pi network be listed on exchangesDOT TECH
The rate at which pi will be listed is practically unknown. But due to speculations surrounding it the predicted rate is tends to be from 30$ — 50$.
So if you are interested in selling your pi network coins at a high rate tho. Or you can't wait till the mainnet launch in 2026. You can easily trade your pi coins with a merchant.
A merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive quantities till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to swap pi coins to foreign currency withdrawable.DOT TECH
As of my last update, Pi is still in the testing phase and is not tradable on any exchanges.
However, Pi Network has announced plans to launch its Testnet and Mainnet in the future, which may include listing Pi on exchanges.
The current method for selling pi coins involves exchanging them with a pi vendor who purchases pi coins for investment reasons.
If you want to sell your pi coins, reach out to a pi vendor and sell them to anyone looking to sell pi coins from any country around the globe.
Below is the contact information for my personal pi vendor.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins on Bitmart crypto exchangeDOT TECH
Yes. Pi network coins can be exchanged but not on bitmart exchange. Because pi network is still in the enclosed mainnet. The only way pioneers are able to trade pi coins is by reselling the pi coins to pi verified merchants.
A verified merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell it to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
2. What is Economy?
Production, distribution or trade, and consumption of
limited goods and services by different agents in a given geographical
location
Can be divided into various sectors:-
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary
Quinary
The Indian economy is the 10th largest in the world by nominal GDP
3. ECONOMY: SECTORS
Most important and the fastest growing sector of Indian economy are
services. Trade, hotels, transport and communication; financing, insurance,
real estate and business services and community, social and personal
services account for more than 60 percent of GDP
Agriculture, forestry and fishing constitute around 12 percent of the output,
but employs more than 50 percent of the labour force
Manufacturing accounts for 15 percent of GDP, construction for another 8
percent and mining, quarrying, electricity, gas and water supply for the
remaining 5 percent
4. What is National income?
Final outcome of all economic activities of a nation valued in terms
of money
Determinant of the business level and economic status of a
country
It has three different measures :-
GDP
GNP
NNP
5. GDP
Equal to the total expenditures for all final goods and services produced
within the country in a fixed period of time (usually a 365-day year)
known as fiscal year
Equal to the sum of the value added at every stage of production (the
intermediate stages) by all the industries within a country, plus taxes
minus the subsidies on products, in the period
Equal to the sum of the income generated by production in the country
in the period—that is, compensation of employees, taxes on production
and imports minus the subsidies
6. GDP adjusting by PPP
Ranks 3rd pertaining to purchasing power parity (PPP) acc. to World
Bank
Using a PPP basis is more useful when comparing generalized
differences in living standards on the whole because, PPP takes into
account the relative cost of living and the inflation rates of the countries,
rather than using just exchange rates which may distort the real
differences in income
The GDP in India expanded 0.60 percent in the third quarter of 2012 over
the previous quarter
GDP Growth Rate in India is reported by the OECD(Organisation for
Economic Co-operation and Development)
7. GNP and NNP
GNP: The value of all final goods and services produced during a
specific period, usually one year, plus incomes earned abroad by
he nationals minus incomes earned locally by foreigners
NNP: The measure of net output available for consumption by the
society including consumers, producers and government
NNP= GNP – depreciation
8. Difference between GDP, GNP, NNP
Net foreign income : factor payments received from the foreign sector
by domestic citizens and factor payments made to foreign citizens for
domestic production
“Gross” word indicates no allowance for depreciation
9. Example:
Assume that in 2013, a country called A produced only one piece
of calculator priced at $10.00. To produce this calculator, country A
used $5.00 worth of factors of production owned by citizens of
country A and $5.00 worth of factors of production owned by
citizens of country B. Country B produced one loaf of bread priced
at $3.00. And to produce this loaf of bread, country B uses $2.00
worth of factors of produced owned by citizens of Country B and
$1.00 worth of factors of production owned by Country A.
10. The GDP of country A was $10.00.
Because it produced in its own country a good worth $10.00. It
does not really matter who owned the factors of production in
producing the calculator.
But what was its GNP? Country A GNP was $6.00.
Country A citizens contributed $5.00 worth of factors of production
to produce the calculator AND $1.00 worth of factors to produce the
bread in Country B.
Similarly the GDP and GNP of country B was $3.00 and $7.00
respectively.
11. NNP:-
Assume that to produce the calculator, country A used a machine
worth $5.00 and the depreciation rate of that machine in 2013 was
$1.00. Since its GNP was $6.00 and depreciation was $1.00, the
NNP for country A was $5.00.
12. CIRCULAR
FLOW DIAGRAM
It is a visual model of the economy that shows how money
flows through markets among households and firms.
Factors of production are the inputs to the production
process. There are three basic factors of production:
land, labor, capital.
Factor market is the market where factors of production
are bought and sold such as market for labor, capital,
resources, machinery etc.
Product market - trades final goods which were produced
by means of factors of production (from factor market).
13. The primary activity of the economy is production or the process of creating a good or
service that can be used to satisfy human wants.
AGGREGATES:-
Aggregate Demand is the total amount of goods and services demanded in the
economy at a given overall price level and in a given time period.
ƒAggregate Supply is the total supply of goods and services produced within an
economy at a given overall price level in a given time period.
14. MEASURING GDP
ƒMonetary Measure. GDP is the monetary value of the total output of goods
and services produced by an economy within a given period of time (quarterly or annual).
ƒNo Double or Multiple Counting. GDP includes only the market value of
FINAL GOODS (goods and services that are purchased for final use by consumer, not for
resale, or further processing) and ignores INTERMEDIATE GOODS (goods and
services that are purchased for resale or for further processing) altogether.
15. MEASURING GDP
I buy your second-hand bike for 15,000
Rupees, should we including it in the
Expenditure (C) ? Nope. Because the bike
Is not ‘produced again.
Now, I buy your second-hand bike from an
auto dealer, (who gets Rs.1000 Commission)
should we include it in the (C)? Hell Yes,
because he sold his ‘service’ to me uniquely.
Every time he sells a second hand product,
although no new ‘product’ is created
but new service is delivered by him.
16. WHAT IF SAME 1000 RUPEE NOTE IS
CHANGING HANDS?
I gave a note of Rs.1000 to that dealer as part of his brokerage and he gives the same Rs.1000 note
to the electricity company for his monthly bill .Same Rs.1000 note is changing hands so is our GDP =Rs.1000?
Nope.
GDP is the money value of everything produced within India. So brokerage service is Rs.1000 separately and the
electricity produced is also worth Rs.1000 separately. Therefore, Even as same 1000 rupee note is given to both
parties.
Total GDP=1000 brokerage+1000 electricity bill=Rs.2000
If electri.co gives that 1000 rupee note to its peon as salary, then again it has to be counted. Because peon sold
his unique service separately to the company. So in that case
Total GDP =‘Brokerage+Electric bill+peon’ salary=Rs.3000
17. ƒExclusion of Output Produced Abroad by Domestically Owned
Factors of Production.
GDP is the value of output produced by factors of production located within a
country.
18. APPROACHESTO MEASURING THE
ECONOMY
There are three (3) approaches to measuring GDP/GNP:
ƒBy Expenditure
By Production
By Income
TOTALPRODUCTION =TOTALINCOME=TOTAL EXPENDITURE
19. EXPENDITURE APPROACH
is a method of computing GDP/GNP that measures the amount spent on all final goods
during a given period.
Thus:
Y = C + I + G + (X-M)
20. PERSONAL CONSUMPTION
EXPENDITURE (C)
is spending by households on current needs. These are expenditures on food, beverages,
tobacco, clothing and footwear, fuel, light, and water, household furnishings, household
operations, transportation/communications, and miscellaneous expenses.
21. Three (3) main categories:
Durable goods are goods that last a relatively long time (automobiles, furniture, and
household appliances)
Non durable goods are goods consumed immediately or for a short time (food,
clothing, gasoline, and cigarette)
Payment for services are things that people buy that do not involve the production of
physical items (services of doctors, lawyers, and educational institutions
22. INVESTMENT (I)
is the total investment in capital such as the purchase of new housing, plants, equipment,
and inventory by the private (or non government) sector.
23. GOVERNMENT SPENDING
is expenditures by the government for final goods and services. These are spending on
weapons, salaries and wages of public school teachers, police, and other public servants.
24. NET EXPORTS (X-M)
is the difference between the exports (X) and imports (M). Either positive
(X>M) or negative(M>X).
Money we get from export is added.
You remember that GDP means Money value of everything we produce within India. So if
we import something, it has to be subtracted, because it is not produced within India.
So formula (for ease In remembering)
GDP = Consumer+Investor+Governernment + (eXporter – iMporter)
25. PRODUCTION ORVALUE-ADDED
APPROACH
is a method of computing GDP/GNP that measures the economy based on the contribution of
industries and sectors to the value of the final goods.
It requires three stages of analysis:
Gross value of output from all sectors is estimated.
Intermediate consumption such as cost of materials, supplies and services used in production
final output is derived.
Then gross output is reduced by intermediate consumption to develop net production.
Gross Value Added = Gross Value of output – Value of Intermediate Consumption.
Value of Output = Value of the total sales of goods and services + Value of changes in the
inventories.
26. EXAMPLE
Total money value of everything produced (value added at each stage)
Farmer produced Wheat and sold 100 kg of it @ 2000 Rs. (Original value)
Flour mill, purchased it, grinded it and sold the flour to baker @ 2500 Rs. (+500 value added
to previous purchase)
Baker made breads, cookies and biscuits and sold the total production @3500 Rs to its final
customers. (+1000 value added to previous purchase)
what is total ‘GDP’ here?
2000+2500+3500=8000 Rs? Hell no! You’ve to see the value added.
So, total money value of this line is: 2000+500+1000=3500.
Not all of the wheat goes into Baker’s oven. Some of it will go in making beer, some in a
normal household for making roti and so on. You’ve to track the value added in each different
line.
27. INCOME APPROACH
Sum total of incomes of individuals living in a country during 1 year .
Another way of measuring GDP is to measure total income. If GDP is calculated this way it is
sometimes called Gross Domestic Income (GDI), or GDP(I).
An alternative method of calculating GNP using the Income Approach is “RIPSAW.”
The mnemonic “RIPSAW” breaks down as follows: GDP = R + I + P + S + A + W
R = rents
I = interests
P = profits
SA = statistical adjustments (corporate income taxes, dividends, undistributed corporate profits
W = wages
28. LIMITATIONS OF NATIONAL INCOME
ACCOUNTS
There are certain market transactions that give rise to payments and transfers of goods
and services but are excluded from GNP accounting.
Those that do not arise to useful economic activities or ILLEGAL(drug traffic,
prostitution, smuggling)
ƒGoods and services produced but do not appear in the market ( home activities by
housewives)
Losses are not taken into account in the national income accounts (repair and
rehabilitation)
29. Who determine GDP?
GDP Annual Growth Rate in India is reported by the Ministry of Statistics and
Programme Implementation (MOSPI).
31. 31
GDP TREND
The Indian economy is the 10th largest in the world.
Ranks 3rd pertaining to purchasing power parity (PPP) acc. to World
Bank
The GDP of India in the year 2012 was US $1489.
Per capita income in India is $1516 at nominal and $3,652 at PPP.
On a per-capita-income basis, India ranked 141st by nominal GDP
3rd by GDP (PPP) in 2012, according to the IMF.
India is a member of BRICS.
32. GDP TREND
India is the 19th-largest exporter and the 10th-largest importer in the world.
India's GDP grew by 9.3% in 2010–11; thus, the growth rate has nearly halved in
just three years.
GDP growth rose marginally to 4.8% during the quarter through March 2013, from
about 4.7% in the previous quarter.
From 1951 until 2013, India GDP Annual Growth Rate averaged 5.8 Percent
reaching an all time high of 10.2 Percent in December of 1988 and a record low of
-5.2 Percent in December of 1979.
33. Indian Economy
GDP value of India represents 2.98 percent of the world economy.
Studies have shown that over the past 20 years, annual GDP
growth over 2.5% has caused a 0.5% drop in unemployment for
every percentage point over 2.5%.
GDP in India is reported by the The World Bank Group. Historically, from
1960 until 2011, India’s GDP averaged 368.8 USD Billion reaching an all
time high of 1848.0 USD Billion in December of 2011 and a record low of
36.6 USD Billion in December of 1960.
34. GDP per capita PPP
GDP per capita in India was last recorded at 3649.53 US dollars in 2011,
when adjusted by purchasing power parity (PPP). The GDP per Capita, in
India, when adjusted by Purchasing Power Parity is equivalent to 17
percent of the world's average.
Historically, from 1980 until 2011, India’s GDP per capita PPP averaged
1446.4 USD reaching an all time high of 3649.5 USD in December of 2011
and a record low of 419.9 USD in December of 1980. The GDP per capita
PPP is obtained by dividing the country’s gross domestic product, adjusted
by purchasing power parity, by the total population.
36. GDP Annual Growth Rate
Historically, from 1951 until 2012, India’s GDP Annual Growth Rate
averaged 5.9 Percent reaching an all time high of 10.2 Percent in December
of 1988 and a record low of -5.2 Percent in December of 1979. Simply, the
GDP value excludes indirect taxes (VAT) paid to the government and
includes the original value of products without accounting for government
subsidies. GDP Annual Growth Rate in India is reported by the Ministry of
Statistics and Programme Implementation.
38. Inflation Rate
The inflation rate in India was recorded at 7.18 percent in December of
2012.
Inflation Rate in India is reported by the Ministry of Statistics and
Programme Implementation. Historically, from 1969 until 2012, India Inflation
Rate averaged 7.75 Percent reaching an all time high of 34.68 Percent in
September of 1974 and a record low of -11.31 Percent in May of 1976.
43. GDP 2013-14
For 2013-14, the CSO has projected a growth rate of 4.6 per cent in agriculture and
allied sectors, up from 1.4 per cent a year earlier.
Manufacturing, however, is expected to register a contraction of 0.2 per cent in this
financial year compared with growth of 1.1 per cent in the previous year.
the services sector, including finance, insurance, real estate and business services
sectors, is likely to grow 11.2 per cent this year compared with 10.9 per cent in 2012-
13.
44. GDP 2014-15
Ratings agency Crisil said on Wednesday that India will witness a GDP growth
rate of 6 per cent for the fiscal 2014-15, up from an estimated 4.8 per cent in the
current fiscal. This will be aided by an expected continuation of the reform
process, the implementation of stalled projects, debottlenecking of the mining
sector and a recovery in industry on higher external demand, it said.
45. PREDICTIONS
Goldman Sachs predicted that
"from 2007 to 2020, India's GDP per capita in US$ terms will quadruple", and that the
Indian economy will surpass the United States (in US$) by 2043.
In spite of the high growth rate, the report stated that India would continue to remain
a low-income country for decades to come
could be a "motor for the world economy" if it fulfills its growth potential. World growth
has since slowed substantially.
47. Limitations of GDP
Non-market transactions
GDP excludes activities that are not provided through the market, such as household
production and volunteer or unpaid services.
As a result, GDP is understated. Unpaid work conducted on Free and Open Source
Software (such as Linux) contribute nothing to GDP, but it was estimated that it would
have cost more than a billion US dollars for a commercial company to develop
Sustainability of growth
GDP does not measure the sustainability of growth.
48. Limitations of GDP
Underground economy
Official GDP does not take into account the underground economy,
That is transactions contributing to production, such as illegal trade and tax-avoiding
activities, are unreported, causing GDP to be underestimated.
Quality of goods
GDP sees the total production’s amount. It does not look into the quality of product.
49. Limitations
GDP is not always reflective of increases in social welfare
Example:
a. Decrease in crime rate – not considered
as increase in output and is not reflected in GDP
b. Increase in leisure – may be associated with decrease in GDP
(less time is spent on producing output)
50. Limitations
GDP does not measure the effects of redistributive policies
It does not distinguish between in which most output goes to a few people and the case in which
output is evenly divided among all people.
GDP is also neutral about the kinds of goods an economy produces
People may buy cheap, low-durability goods over and over again, or they may buy high-durability
goods less often.
It is possible that the monetary value of the items sold in the first case is higher than that in the
second case, in which case a higher GDP is simply the result of greater inefficiency and waste
51. GDP seldom reflects losses or social ills.
GDP accounting rules DO NOT ADJUST for production that POLLUTES the
environment.
Thus:
THE MORE PRODUCTION there is, the LARGER the GDP, regardless of how
much pollution results in the process.
52. Alternatives to GDP
Human development index (HDI)
up until 2009 report HDI used GDP as a part of its calculation and then factors in
indicators of life expectancy and education levels. In 2010 the GDP component has been
replaced with GNI.
Genuine progress indicator (GPI) or Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare (ISEW) –
The GPI and the ISEW attempt to address many of the above criticisms by taking the same
raw information supplied for GDP and then adjust for income distribution, add for the value of
household and volunteer work, and subtract for crime and pollution.
53. Other Indexes
Gross national happiness (GNH)
Happy Planet Index –
OECD Better Life Index
Composite Wealth Indicators
Future Orientation Index
World Governance Index
Social Progress Index