FaÀPnMv tIcf aims to address several issues facing contemporary Tamil Nadu society, including lack of opportunities for disadvantaged groups, environmental degradation, and economic issues. It calls for sustainable development that provides for people's needs while protecting natural resources, as well as addressing social justice and equity concerns. The program emphasizes grassroots participation, traditional knowledge, and strengthening local communities.

1. lcnXhnIkw
IcSp amÀ¤tcJ
(kw{Klw)

2. 2
1. BapJw
2 FaÀPnMv tIcf
3. tIcf¯nse h§fpw hh¡cWhpw
4. tIcf¯nse ZnIÄ
5. hbepIfpw X®oÀ¯S§fpw
6. XoctZi, kaq{Z Bhmk hyhØIÄ
7. Icn¦Â Jhpw ]pg aW hmcepw
8. DuÀÖw
9. tIcf¯nse sI«nS nÀ½mW taJe A`napJoIcn¡p¶ {][m {]iv§Ä
10. KXmKXw
11. Jcameny nÀamÀÖw
12. hyhkmb aenoIcWw
13. hyhkmb hnIkw
14. hnhckmt¦XnI hnZy
15. {]IrXn ss]XrIhpw kwkvImchpw kwc£n¨p sIm-pÅ Sqdnkw
16. Irjn, ssPhsshhn[ykwc£Ww, `£y kpc£
17. aÕytaJe
lcnXhnIkw
IcSp amÀ¤tcJ
(kw{Klw)

3. 3
BapJw
`qapJs¯ Gähpw ]cnØnXn {][mamb {]tZi§fn H¶mWv tIcfw. tIcf¯nsâ ]cnØnXn
{]m[myw IpSnsImÅp¶Xv , Htckabw AXv Gsd ]cnØnXnþk¼¶hpw A{Xt¯mfw Xs¶
]cnØnXnþZpÀºehpw BsW¶XnemWvv. hcpwIme XeapdIÄ¡v kar²ambn ]pecmpÅsXms¡ {]IrXn
ap¡v Hcp tem`hpanÃmsX ÂInbn«p- v . F¶m Akqbmhlamb Cu kar²nbpw, sshhn[yhpw,
Aew`mh¯npw BÀ¯nbv ¡ pw FffnSt]mepw AphZn¨p ÂIp¶nà F¶ hntcm[m`mkhpap- v :
kwØm¯nsâ ]cnØnXn A{Xam{Xw k¦oÀWhpw temehpw ZpÀºehpamWv . FÃmap- v F¶mÂ
AXymÀ¯nsbSp¯m H¶pw Ahtijn¡nà F¶XmWv A£cmÀ°¯n tIcf¯nsâ `q{]IrXnbpsSbpw
]cnØnXnbpsSbpw ASnØm khntijX. XoÀ¨bmbpw CXv ssZh¯nsâ mSpXs¶bmWv, F¶mÂ
XZpkcWw Znhyambn ]cn]men¡mpÅ DbÀ¨ D- m bnsæn sNIp¯msâ mSmbn amdm³ H«pw
Imehnfw_w D- m hnà F¶Xpw nÝbw.
`q{]IrXnbpsS Cu khntijXIÄ¡v XnI¨pw CW§p¶ Hcp PohnXhpw kwkvImchpamWv ChnsS
qäm-pIfmbn nen¶ph¶Xv. ]s£, kao]Ime¯mbn {]IrXnbpw apjypw X½nepÅ Cu CW¡w
kw{`aPIamwhn[w thK¯n ap¡v jvSs¸«psIm-ncn¡pIbmWv. Ignª Hs¶m¶c
Zim_v Z Ime¯nnSbv ¡ v tIcf¯n D- m b ]cnØnXnmiw Cn qäm- p IÄ ]n¶n«mÂt]mepw nI¯m³
Ignbm¯{X hepXmWv . {]IrXns¡Xnsc kÀÆ ioIcW Bbp[§fpw D]tbmKn¨psIm- p Å Hcp
bp²¯n apjyÀ GÀs¸«ncn¡p¶p F¶ {]XoXnbmWv tIcf¯n DSofw ImWm³ Ignbp¶Xv.
sP.kn._nIfpw, {SmIvSdpIfpw, Sn¸dpIfpw, {S¡pIfpw CXc Bbp[§fmepw hhpw ac§fpw, hyarK§fpw
Ip¶pIfpw ]md¡q«§fpw AXnthKw B{Ian¨p XIÀ¡s¸SpIbpw; X®oÀ¯S§fpw hbepIfpw,
ssIt¯mSpIfpw nI¯s¸SpIbpw sN¿p¶p. s]mXp hn`h§fpw, kÀ¡mÀ `qanbpw kzImcy hyànIÄ
ssIt¿dp¶p. `cWIqShpw oXnymb Øm]§fpw achn¨p n¡p¶p. ]cnØnXnmi¯nsâ
Xncn¨SnIÄ¡v CcbmIp¶XmIs« km[mcW P§fmWv . kv { XoIfpw, Ip«nIfpw, sXmgnemfnIfpw,
IÀ£Icpw, ZfnXcpw, kaql¯n ]n¶m¡w n¡p¶ CXc hn`mK§fpamWv ]cnØnXnmi¯nsâ `mcw
Gsdbpw Ap`hnt¡-nhcp¶Xv. A§s tIcf¯nÂ, aäp GXv {]tZi§fnepw F¶t]mse, ]cnØnXn
miw kmaqlyoXnbpsS miw IqSnbmbn amdpIbmWv sN¿p¶Xv.
]cnØnXns¡Xncmb AXn{Ia¯nv Hcp hnIk {]Xybimkv { X¯nsâ H¯mi e`n¡p¶p
F¶XmWv C¶s¯ Ime¯nsâ {]tXyIX. tIcfaS¡w FÃm `q {]tZi§fpw aqe[s¯ ]camh[n
B I À j n ¡ m ³ a  k c n t ¡ - X p s - ¶ p w , “aqe[ nt£]s¯ BIÀjn¡pI Asæn in¡pI”
F¶XmWv Cu ImeL«¯nsâ ap{ZmhmIysa¶pw Cu {]Xybimkv{Xw {]Ncn¸n¡p¶p. aqe[ XmÂ]cys¯
hnip² XmÂ]cyambn DbÀ¯pIbpw, aäv FÃm XmÂ]cy§Ä¡pw, aqey§Ä¡pw AXoXambn
{]Xnjv T n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶ hþ DZmchXv I cW hnIk {]Xybimkv { Xt¯mSp tIcf ]cnØnXn
kt½f¯nv kÔnbnÃ. aqe[Xmev]cy¯nv A{]amZnXzw Iev]n¡p¶ hnIkNn´sb Cu kt½fw
XÅn¡fbp¶p. aqe[hpw, nt£]hpw, nt£]Icpw ap¡v BhiyamWv. ]s£, ]cnØnXnoXnbpw,
kmaqlyoXnbpw, ASnØm aqey§fpw kwc£n¡m³ Ignbm¯ aqe[hpw hnIkhpw Cu mSnv
kzoImcyaÃ.
ap³]v Pn½nepw, Ct¸mÄ FaÀPnwKv tIcfbnepw nÀt±in¡s¸Sp¶ nt£] kwcw`§fn Gdnb
Iqdpw tIcf¯nsâ {]IrXnbpsSbpw ]cnØnXnbpsSbpw k¼¶Xbn BIrjvSambn F¯p¶XmWv.
nb{´WanÃm¯ NqjW¯np tIcf¯nsâ hmXnepIÄ Xpd¶n«m G{XthWsa¦nepw aqe[w ap¡pw
BIÀjn¡m³ Igntª¡pw. ]s£ A§sbp- m Ip¶ hnIkw G{XImet¯¡p; BÀ¡pth- n F¶
tNmZyw DbÀ¯mXncn¡mmhnÃ. aqe[]£¯nsâ AhImihmZ§sf hnaÀi_p²ym XemcngIodn
]cntim[n¡mXncn¡m³ IgnbnÃ. AXmWv temI¯nsâ kao]Ime hnIkNcn{Xwþ {]fb§fpsSbpw,
hcĨIfpsSbpw, acph¡cW¯nsâbpw, ImemhØ hyXnbm¯nsâbpw, kkyP´pPmXnIfpsS
hwimi¯nsâbpw, `£y£ma¯nsâbpw, Zmcn{Zy¯nsâbpw, apjycpsS Iq«¸meb§fpsSbpw
Ap`h§fneqsS þs½ ]Tn¸n¨psIm- n cn¡p¶Xv .
Cu kmlNcy¯nÂ, tIcfw C¶v Xs¶ tcnSp¶ ]mcnØnXnI {]iv§fpsS
]Ým¯e¯nÂ, tIcfw Ft§m«mWv hftc-sX¶pw kwØms¯ P§Ä¡pw
hcpw XeapdIÄ¡pw ]mcnØnXnI kpc£ Dd¸m¡ns¡m- p Å Hcp hnIkw
F§ns km[yam¡Wsa¶pw NÀ¨ sN¿mmbn tIcf¯nse hnhn[ ]cnØnXn þ
ImÀjnI kmaqly kwLSIÄ tNÀ¶v kwLSn¸n¡p¶XmWv ‘tIcf ]cnØnXn
kt½fw’

4. 4
2. FaÀPnMv tIcf
kpØnc kaql nÀanXnbn ]cnKWnt¡- Nne hnjb§Ä
tIcfw ]n´pSÀ¶n«pÅ hnIk ]mX s½ F¯n¨ncn¡p¶Xv FhnsSbmWv?
a) a®v, shÅw, hmbp, hw, Zn, ssPhsshhn[yw F¶n§s FÃm {]IrXn hn`h ASn¯dbpsSbpw
A]ISIcamb timjWw
b) nÀWmbIamb BkvXnIÄ Imcy£aambn D]tbmKn¡p¶XnpÅ ]cmPbhpw, AXnp ]Icw
hntZi ]Ww hchnsbpw Hcp kqc£bpanÃm¯ tkhZmXm¡sfbpw AanXambn B{ibn¡p¶
Hcp k¼Zv hyhØ
c) P§Ä¡p tkh§Ä ÂIm³ {]m]v X aÃm¯Xpw AgnaXnbpw sISpImcyØXbpw
ndªXpamb Hcp DtZymKØ hrμw.
d) kz´w A²zms¯¡mÄ, GsX¦nepw Xc¯nepÅ ]m«w ]ncnhneqsS [nImIm³ {ian¡p¶
Hcp ]¦p]äp kwkvImcw.
e) tcmKmXpcXhÀ²n¡p¶p, Bip]{XnIÄ s]cpIp¶p.
Cu ZpØnXnbn n¶pw IcIbdmpw kpØnc hnIk¯nsâ ]mXbntebv ¡ v tIcfs¯
bn¡mpw “FaÀPnMv tIcf“ DXtIt- ? F¦n F´nsems¡bmcn¡Ww Du¶Â?
Gähpw Zcn{ZcmbpÅhcpsS D]Pohw sa¨s¸Sp¯pI.
tIcf¯nsâ CXphscbpÅ hfÀ¨bn ]¦mfnIfmIm³ IgnbmsX ]mÀizhXv I cn¡s¸«
hn`mK§fpsS hcpamw hÀ²n¸n¡mpw PohnX sa¨s¸Sp¯mpw DXIp¶ ]²XnIÄ
AXnep-mIWw.
ASnØm kuIcy§Ä sa¨s¸Sp¯Â
ip²amb IpSnshÅw, ipNnbmb ]cnkcw, Imcy£aamb ameny kwkvIcWw, Imcy£aamb
KXmKXw XpS§nb ASnØm kuIcy§Ä FÃmhÀ¡pw sa¨s¸SWw.
{]IrXn aqe[w Cnbpw timjn¡cpXv.
`qan, Pet{kmXÊpIÄ, X®oÀ¯S§Ä, h§Ä, ssPh sshhn[y¡ehd F¶nhbS§p¶ ½psS
ASn¯d bmsXmcpImcWhimepw Cnbpw H«pw timjnXamIcpXv. Ahsb ]pcp²cn¡mpw
_es¸Sp¯mpw kwLSnXamb {ia§Ä D- m IWw.
amh tijn hnIk¯np {]m[myw
sa¨s¸« hnZym`ymk¯neqsSbpw ss]pWnhnIk¯neqsSbpw BtcmKy ioe§fneqsSbpw
tkh§fneqsSbpw, Gähpw {][mambn s]mXptaJebpsS B`napJy¯nepÅ KthjW hnIk
{ia§fneqsSbpapÅ amhtijn hnIkw Hcp apJy AP-bmIWw.
ZuÀ`mKyhim ta kqNn¸n¨ an¡ {]hÀ¯§fpw C¶v I¨hSm[njvTnXambn kzImcytaJebv¡v
ASnbdhbv¡s¸«ncn¡p¶p. s]mXp kwcw`§Ä th-{X hn`h§fnÃmsX., {IbtijnIpdª
hÀ¡pÅhbmbn, Xcw XmW tkhw ÂIp¶hbmbn HXp¡s¸«ncn¡p¶p.
km¼¯nIhpw kmaqlnIhpw ]mcnØnXnIhpamb LSI§Ä hnebncp¯p¶, kpLSnXhpw
kpXmcyhpamb t«þtIm« hniIe§Ä
FÃm hnIk ]²XnIfpw kqXmcyamb coXnbn hnebncp¯s¸SWw, AhbpsS kmaqlyhpw
]mcnØnXnIhpamb BLmX§fpw Bscsbms¡bmWv Ah _m[n¡pI F¶pw ]Tn¡Ww.
lcnXhnIkw hn]coX ^e§sf t_m[]qÀhw Ipd¨pw km¼¯nI t«w s]cp¸n¨pw ]²XnIsf
BIÀjIam¡p¶ Iogvhg¡w Hgnhm¡Ww. ]²XnIfpsS BLmXw t]tc-n hcp¶
IcSp amÀ¤tcJ ‘CcIsf’ KpWt`màm¡Ä B¡n amäpw hn[w ]pØm] ]cn]mSnIÄ ]²XnbpsS
`mKamIWw.
(kw{Klw)

5. 5
]mXmft¯mfw Xmgv ¶ p sImSpt¡- X nÃ!
aqe[s¯ BIÀjn¡mmbn kwØm§Ä aÕcn¨v BpIqey§fpw CfhpIfpw h¨p o«n
nt£]Isc £Wn¡p¶ {]hWX iàns¸«p hcp¶p. tIcfw Cu Igp¯d¸³ aÕc¯nÂ
]¦ptNccpXv. ap¡p icnsb¶p tXm¶n S¸m¡nbn«pÅ ]cnØnXn nba§fn n¶pw sXmgnÂ
nba§fn n¶pw aenoIcW nb{´§fn n¶pw nIpXn hyhØbn n¶pw Cfhp ÂIn
nt£]Isc BIÀjnt¡- X nÃ. AXnp ]Icw tIcf¯nsâ iànbmbn mw ImWp¶
]mcnØnXnIþ`uXnIþampjnI LSI§sf B{ibn¨v aqeyhÀ² sN¿p¶ hyhkmb§sf BWv
mw BIÀjnt¡- X v.
s]mXp Øm]§fpsS hoIcWw þ Hcp AnhmcyX
AgnaXnsIm- p w sISpImcyØXsIm- p w Imcy£aX ãs¸« DtZymKØ kwhn[mamWv tIcf
hnIk¯npÅ Gähpw henb hne§pXSn F¶Xv kpk½XamWv . CXns F§s
Adnh[njvTnXhpw kpXmcyhpw s]mXpP§tfmSp {]Xn_²XbpÅXpw B¡n ]pÀnÀan¡mw
F¶Xns B{ibn¨ncn¡pw tIcf¯nsâ `mhn. kÀ¡mÀ hIp¸pIfnepw {]mtZinI `cW¯nepw
hnZym`ymkþKthjW cwK§fnepw FÃmw Cu s]mfns¨gp¯v St¡-nbncn¡p¶p. FÃm hnIk
cmPy§fnepw Cu `cW ]cnjv¡mcw BZyta S¶n«pÅXmbn ImWmw. CXnp Ipdp¡phgnIfnÃ.
]et¸mgpw Cu ]cnjv I mc§Ä S¸nem¡mpÅ hnapJX¡p adbmbn«mWv nt£]IÀ¡v
AÀlamb BpIqey§Ä ÂIn Ahsc BIÀjn¡mpÅ {ia§Ä Act§dp¶Xv. ]s£
CXv “t h - s ¸ « h À ¡ v ” ]n³hmXneneqsS AhnlnXamb BpIqey§Ä e`yam¡mpÅ
X{´ambn«mWv amdpIþAtX kabw kXykÔcmb kwcw`IÀ _yqtdm{IknbpsS ]oU¯npw
NqjW¯npw CcIfmbn aÊpaSp¯p ]n³amdpIbpw sN¿p¶p. `cW kwhn[m¯nsâ ka{Kamb
Agn¨p]Wn AÃmsX CXnp aäp acp¶pIfnÃ.

6. 6
3. tIcf¯nse h§fpw hh¡cWhpw
h§fpsS DXv]mZ£aX htm¸¶§fpsS sshhn[y¯nepw aäv ]mcnØnXnI tkh§fneqambn
hÀ²n¸nt¡-Xv ASnb´ncmhiyamWv. XSn D¸§Ä hfÀ¯nsbSp¡pI F¶Xnmbncp¶p Hcp Ime¯v
h§sf {][mambpw D]tbmKn¨ncp¶Xv. A¶v AXnsâ aäp tkh§Ä, hninjym ]mcnØnXnI
tkh§Ä ]cnKWn¨ncp¶nÃ. F¶m h§fpsS ]mcnØnXnI tkh§fpw AhbpsS aqeyhpw
kaql¯nsâ Ømbnbmb nen¸nv hkwc£W¯nsâ Bhiyhpw Xncn¨dnª Cu Ime¯v
AXnpkcn¨v h bw ]cnjvIcn¡pIbpw, ]pXnb b¯npkcn¨v hw hIp¸ns Øm]sa¶
neb¡pw AXnsâ {]hÀ¯§sfbpw hoIcn¡pIbpw sN¿Ww. hÀ²n¨p hcp¶ hn]Wn
Bhiy§Ä¡mbn h§fn I®psh¡p¶Xns XSbpIbpw Ahtijn¡p¶ h§sf ]qÀ®ambpw
kwc£n¡pIbpw sN¿Ww. nehnepÅ hbw AtX]Sn XpSÀ¶m AXv tIcfob kaql¯n {lkzhpw
ZoÀLhpamb {]XymLmX§fp-m¡pw. apjysâ ASnØm Bhiyamb hmbp, Pew F¶nhbpsS hÀ²n¨
Afhnepw KpW¯nepapÅ e`yXbpw XpSÀ¨bpw Dd¸phcp¯p¶XmhWw hw bsa¶XnmÂ
hnIk¯nsâ {]mYanI ]mTamhWw hkwc£Ww.
hw bw ]cnjv I cn¡p¶Xnpw, {]hÀ¯]cambpw Øm]]cambpw hw hIp¸ns
hoIcn¡pbpw sN¿p¶Xnpw Xmsg]dbp¶ ASnb´ncmhiy§Ä ]cnKWn¡Ww:
1. {]mtZinI ImÀjnI, kv{Xo, ]cnØnXn, BZnhmkn kaql§fpsS hÀ²n¨ ]¦mfn¯t¯msSbpÅ
h]cn]mew S¸m¡Ww.
2. hw hIp¸nsâ taÂtm«¯nÂ, IrXyamb amÀ¤þnÀt±i§tfmsS ]©mb¯pXe h ]cn]me
kwLw {]hÀ¯n¡Ww.
3. h kwc£Whpw hhn`h§fpsS kwkvIcWhpw S¯m³ AXy´m[pnIhpw Ipdª ImÀ_¬
ImeSnbpÅXpw ]cnØnXn kulrZhpamb kmt¦XnI hnZy {]mtZinI h]cn]me kwL§Ä¡v
hw hIp¸v e`yam¡Ww.
4. hw sImÅ, Im«pXo, It¿äw, apXemb {]iv§sf hÀ²n¨ P]¦mfn¯w hgn XSbpI. h¯nÂ
n¶pw e`n¡p¶ hcpam¯nsâ Hcp ]¦v CXnmbn o¡nshbv¡pI.
5. kwØm¯nsâ aq¶nsem¶v `qan h`qanbmbn hnIkn¸n¡mpÅ S]SnIÄ kzoIcn¡pI.
nen¡p¶ h`qanbnse htXc D]tbmK§Ä L«w L«ambn Ipd¨v Ah h§fm¡n amäpI.
6. kmaqlnI hh¡cW¯nsâ `mKambn h¶ hntZi Cw ac§sf L«w L«ambn Ipd¨psIm-p
hcnI. ]Icw ]pXpXmbn ÂIp¶ ac§fn ^e hr£ss¯IÄ IqSpXembn DÄs¸Sp¯pI.
7. F{X Xs¶ Pmhiyw DbÀ¶mepw tdmUp nÀ½mWw t]mepÅ htXc {]hÀ¯nIÄ¡v
Hcn©pt]mepw h`qan hn«p ÂIcpXv.
8. hw kw_Ôn¨ tIkpIÄ S¯m³ sslt¡mSXnbnepw kp{]ow tImSXbnepw Ignhpä Hcp
kwLw h¡oe·msc nban¡pI. tIkpIÄ kab_ÔnXambn XoÀ¡Ww.
9. tXm«§Ä¡mbn h`qan ]m«¯np ÂInbXn ]m«¡cmÀ ewLn¨h Xncns¨Sp¡pIbpw AÃm¯h
`£y hnft¯m«§fmbpw ssPh sshhn²y tXm«§fmbpw amäpIbpw sN¿pI.
10. FÃmhn[ CSmS³þssltd©v ]pÂtaSpIfpw tjmeIfpw h§fmbn kwc£n¡pI.
11. B¯mcIfpw aäp arKk©mc ]mXIfpw Xncn¨p ]nSn¡pIbpw Bhmk hyhØIÄ apdnªp
t]mIp¶Xv XSbpIbpw sN¿pI.
12. hbmSv þssakqÀ ]mXbS¡w kwc£nX h¯nI¯p IqSnbpÅ cm{XnIme KXmKXw
Ahkmn¸n¡pI.
lcnXhnIkw
IcSp amÀ¤tcJ
(kw{Klw)

7. 7
13. kp{]ow tImSXn nÀt±i {]ImcapÅ Ct¡m sk³knäohv tkmWpIÄ Hmtcm hy Pohn
kt¦X§Ä¡v Npänpw ASnb´ncambn {]Jym]n¡pI.
14. Sqdnkw AS¡apÅ Hcphn[ ]²Xn¡mbpw kwc£nX h{]tZi§fpsS DÄ`mKw hn«p ÂIcpXv.
15. hw hIp¸nse hm¨ÀamcpsSbpw KmÀUpamcpsSbpw tkh thX hyhØIfpw `uXnI
kmlNcy§fpw KWyambn hÀ²n¸n¡Ww. AhÀ¡v B[pnI D]IcW§fpw Bbp[§fpw ÂIWw.
16. 5 hÀjw kÀÆokpÅ XmXvImenI hm¨vam³amsc, {]tXyIn¨pw BZnhmkn hn`mK¯nÂs¸«hsc
Øncs¸Sp¯pI. nehnse ]m«¡pSnÈnI ]ncns¨Sp¡pIbpw ]m«¯pI hÀ²n¸n¡pIbpw sNbvXm CXnmbn
]Ww Is-¯mw.
17. htaJebnse BZnhmknIsf Poh¡mcm¡n {]mtZinI h kwc£W¯nmbn nban¡pI.

8. 8
4. tIcf¯nse ZnIÄ
tIcf¯nse ZnIÄ £bn¨psIm- n cn¡pIbmWv , aenambns¡m- n cn¡pIbmWv . Ahbn ]eXpw
th¡me¯v kap{Z¯n F¯nt¨cp¶nÃ. ]eXnepw D¸pckw Iecp¶p. kz[À½§Ä
nÀhln¡mmhmsX ]e ZnIfpw ]n³hm§pIbmWv. ]ÝnaL« ncIfnse h£bhpw h§fpsS
JWv U h¡cWhpw AWs¡«pIfpw KXnXncn¨phnSepw aWÂhmc nan¯ap- m Ip¶ Pe£bhpw
KpW£bhpw aenoIcWhpw It¿ä§fpw aäpw aäpamWv ½psS ZnIfpsS ZpØnXn¡p tlXp¡Ä.
]cnlmc§Ä
1. Znsb¶m HgptI-XmWv. Hgp¡nsâ kzm`mhnIXsb Ignbp¶nSt¯mfw XSÊs¸Sp¯mXncn¡pI.
2. Zo {]`hØe§sf ]cn]men¡pI.
3. ag¡me¯v aWÂhmc IÀiambn ntcm[n¡pI. AÃm¯ kab§fn k{i²amb nb{´Whpw
nba§fpwGÀs¸Sp¯Ipbpw ]men¡pIbpw sN¿pI. Gsd NqjWw sN¿s¸« ]pgIfn aWÂhmcenv
nÝnXamb Ah[nIÄ {]Jym]n¡pI.
4. ZoPe t]mjW¯npth-nbpw AanX PeNqjW¯nsXncmbpw Xt±ikzbw`cW Øm]§fpambn
]¦mfn¯ ]cn]mSnIfp- m ¡pI.
5. sÃv XpS§nb `£yhnfIÄ¡pth- n bÃmsX mWyhnfIÄ¡pth- n bpÅ ZoPe D]t`mKw
nb{´n¡pI.
6. Zo{]`htI{μ§fmb X®oÀ¯S§Ä, NXp¸pIÄ apXembhsb Sqdnkw, dnb FtÌäv, Irjn F¶nhbv¡v
th-n nI¯phm³ AphZn¨pIqSm. Ahsb Pekw`cW¯nsâ ‘tlm«v kvt]m«pIÄ’ Bbn {]Jym]n¨v
nenÀ¯pI.
7. aeIfn n¶pÂ`hn¡p¶ DdhIfnse Pew ‘Ip¸nshÅ ]²Xn’IÄ¡mbn D]tbmKn¡m³
AphZn¡mXncn¡pI.
8. Zo kwc£W¯nmbn {]tXyI I½nänIÄ cq]oIcn¨v {]hÀ¯n¡pI.
9. Zo {]`hØe§fmb X®oÀ¯S§Ä aenoIcn¡s¸SmsX kq£n¡pI.
10. ZoXoc§fnepÅ ^mIvSdnIÄ Znsb aenoIcn¡mXncn¡m³ IÀiamb S]SnIsfSp¡pI.
11. ]pgIfnte¡p Xpd¡p¶ HmSIÄ Hmtcm¶pw kq£va ]cntim[b¡v hnt[bam¡pIbpw aenoIcWw
XSbpIbpw sN¿pI. KchnkÀÖy§Ä ZnIfn nt£]n¡p¶ {]hWXbv¡v ITnin£ Dd¸m¡pI.
12 ZoXoc§fn hyhkmb imeIÄ, Bip]{XnIÄ, Iim¸pimeIÄ XpS§nbhb¡v ApaXn
ÂImXncn¡pI. Ct¸mgpÅhsb kq£va ]cntim[bv¡p hnt[bam¡n ]cnlmc S]SnIÄ kzoIcn¡pI.
lcnXhnIkw
IcSp amÀ¤tcJ
(kw{Klw)

9. 9
5. hbepIfpw X®oÀ¯S§fpw
Gähpa[nIw miw tcn«pIgnªXpw in¨psIm- n cn¡p¶hbpamWv ½psS hbepIfpw
X®oÀ¯S§fpw. `£ykpc£, Pekw`cWw, ssPhsshhn[y kwc£Ww apXemb AXn{][m[À½§Ä
nÀhln¡p¶ Cu {]tZi§sf mw ITnambn AhKWn¡pIbmWv.
1975 pw 2011 pw CSbv¡v tIcf¯nv 5,66,000 slIvSÀ sÂhbepIÄ jvSs¸«p Ignªp. 2004þ2011
v CSbv¡pÅ Ggv hÀj¯n 1,67,812 slIvSÀ hbepIÄ in¨p. th¼m«p Imbensâ hnkvXrXn 37,000
slIvSdn n¶v 13,000 slIvSdmbn Npcp§nbncn¡p¶p. A[nIrX It¿ä§Ä, new nI¯epIÄ,
]mgvhkvXp¡ÄsIm-ph¶pXÅÂ, aenoIcWw F¶nhbpw ½psS hbepIsfbpw X®oÀ¯S§sfbpw
in¸n¨psIm- n cn¡p¶p.
]cnlmcamÀK§Ä
1. 2008þse hb X®oÀ¯S ]cn]me BIväv IÀiambn S¸nem¡pI.
2. BIv ä nse s]mXpImcy§Ä¡pth- n nI¯Â AphZn¡msa¶ `mKw o¡w sNbv X p t`ZKXn
hcpt¯-XmWv.
3. kwc£nXtaJeIsft¸mseXs¶ Ct¸mgpÅ sÂhb X®oÀ¯S {]tZi§sfbpw kwc£nX
taJeIfm¡n {]Jym]n¡pI.
4. ]mStiJc§fn Bcw`n¡phm³ Dt±in¡p¶ Bd·pf hnam¯mhfw ]²Xn ]qÀWambpw
Dt]£n¡pIbpw nbahncp²ambn nI¯nb henb tXmSns ]qÀh ØnXnbnem¡pIbpw B
]mStiJc§fn s¡rjn ]pcmcw`n¡pIbpw sN¿pI.
5. hbm«nse No¡ÃqÀ {]tZis¯ s¸mStaJesb hnam¯mhsf ]²Xnbn n¶v Hgnhm¡pI.
6. nbahncp²ambn cq]m´cs¸Sp¯nb aäv IrjnIÄ S¯p¶ sÂhbepIsf ]qÀh ØnXnbnem¡pI.
7. sÂhb oÀ¯S kwc£Wnbaw Apkcn¨v X¿mdm¡n¡gnªn«pÅ Umäm _m¦v DS³
{]Jym]n¡pI.
8. Hmtcm ]©mb¯pw AXntâXmb hbepIÄ, Ipf§Ä, oÀ¯S§Ä, ImbepIÄ apXembhsb¸än Hcp
cPnÌÀ X¿mdm¡n kq£nt¡-XmWv. Ah Hmtcm¶nsâbpw hnkvXoÀ®w, Bgw XpS§nb hniZhnhc§Ä
AXn tcJs¸Spt¯- X mWv .
9. hbepIÄ, ImbepIÄ, Ipf§Ä, ]pgIÄ, X®oÀ¯S§Ä F¶nhbpsS iqNoIcW¯npw
]pcp²mcW¯npambn Hcp _rlXv ]cn]mSn Bcw`n¡pIbpw P]¦mfn¯t¯msS AXv S¸nem¡pIbpw
sN¿pI.
10. D¶Xm[nImc§fpÅ Hcp sÂhb X®oÀ¯S kwc£W AtXmdnän cq]oIcn¡pIbpw
{]mhÀ¯nIam¡pIbpw sN¿pI.

10. 10
6. XoctZi, kaq{Z Bhmk hyhØIÄ
tIcf¯nse Hcp henb P hn`mKw XoctZi kap{Z Bhmk hyhØIsf B{ibn¨p Pohn¡p¶p.
B BhmkhyhØIfmIs« AXnthKw £bn¨psIm-ncn¡pIbmWv. ImcW§Ä ]eXmWv. PkwJym
hÀ², `qhnntbmK¯nep-mb amä§Ä, Bhmk ãw, AanXamb aÕyNqjWw, ImemhØmhyXnbmw,
aenoIcWw, kap{Zhn`h§Ä¡pÅ hÀ²n¨ AhiyIX, AytZi§fpsS CSs]S XpS§nbh.
]cnlmc amÀ¤§Ä
1. Hcp XoctZi tamWn«dnwKv kwhn[mw Bcw`n¨v FÃm nbaclnX {]hÀ¯§sfbpw XSbpI.
2. XSmI§sfbpw XoctZi NXp¸pIsfbpw nI¯p¶Xv ]qÀ®ambn XSbpI. AhbpsS AXnÀ¯nIÄ
imkv{Xobambn ASbmfs¸Sp¯pI. It¿ä {]tZi§Ä IÀi S]SnIfneqsS Xncn¨p ]nSn¡pI.
3. 1991 s^{_phcnbnse tImÌÂ dKptej³ tkm¬ (kn. BÀ. CskUv.) tm«n^nt¡jpw 2011þse
tImÌ amtPvsaâ v tkm¬ (kn. Fw. CskUv.v) tm«n^nt¡jpw Apkcn¨v 200 aoäÀ Xoc {]tZiw
hnIk {]hÀ¯§fn n¶v ]qÀ®ambpw Hgnhmt¡-XmWv. ao³]nSp¯¡mÀ¡p am{Xta AhnSw
D]tbmKw AphZn¡m³ ]mSpÅp.
4. XoctZi Pemib§fntebv¡pÅ hymhkmbnI hnkÀÖy§fpsS ]pd´ÅÂ, ]mcnØnXnI, kn.
BÀ. CskUv. nba§Ä {]Imcw nÀ_Ôambn XSbpI.
5. “aenoIcn¡p¶h³ Nnehphln¡Ww” F¶ XXz¯nsâ ASnØm¯n Cu hn[apÅ
aenoIcW¯nsâ D¯chmZnIfn n¶p ]ngboSm¡n ipNoIcWw St¯-XmWv.
6. hmWnPymhiy§Ä¡mbn ]nSn¡s¸Sp¶ aÕyk¼¯nsâ nen¸npth- n AhbpsS
NqjW¯nv Hcp]cn[n IÂ]n¡pIbpw nb{´W hnt[bam¡pIbpw sN¿pI.
7. tÌänse apgph³ I-Â ImSpIfpsSbpw IWs¡Sp¡pIbpw DÅhsb kwc£n¨p
]cnt]mjn¸n¡p¶Xnpw DNnXamb Øe§fn I-  sh¨p ]nSn¸n¡p¶Xnpw ]cn]mSnIÄ
BhnjvIcn¡pI.
8. aÕy_Ôhpambn _Ôs¸« aäp sXmgnepIÄ hnIkn¸n¨p aÕy sXmgnemfnIÄ¡v ]pXnb
Ahkc§fp- m ¡n sImSp¡pI.
9. IS¯oc§fpw Imb Xoc§fpsaÃmw cmPy¯nsâ s]mXp kz¯mWv. Ah kzImcy hyànIÄ
hnebv¡phm§n AS¨psI«n D]tbmKn¡p¶Xv s]mXp XmÂ]cy¯np lmnIcamIbm B {]hWXbv¡pw
hncmaap-m¡pI.
lcnXhnIkw
IcSp amÀ¤tcJ
(kw{Klw)

11. 11
7. Icn¦Â Jhpw ]pg aW hmcepw
kao] hÀj§fn tIcfw I- Gähpw hnmiIcamb c- p {]hr¯nIfmWv Icn¦Â Jhpw
Zo aW hmcepw. Cu {]hr¯nIÄ nb{´n¡p¶Xpambn _Ôs¸«p Nne nba§Ä
nehneps- ¦ nepw Ahsbm¶pw {]mtbmKnIhpw ]Izhpamb coXnbn S¸nem¡p¶Xnv
hnhn[§fmb ½psS `cWkwhn[m§Ä¡v Bbn«nÃ. CXnsâ ^eambn ½psS ZnIÄ AhbpsS
A´yZibnte¡pw Ip¶pIÄ Hs¶m¶mbn acW¯nte¡pw o§ns¡m-ncn¡p¶p.
kwØms¯ GXm- v 10000 t¯mfw AwKoIrX IzmdnIfn 7200 Dw Icn¦ÃnmbpÅXmWv .
_m¡nbpÅh a®v, sh«pIÃv, Ifna®v Chbv¡pÅXpw. Icn¦Ãv, sh«pIÃv, a®v, ChbpsS Jw
an¡t¸mgpw Ip¶pIsf tI{μoIcn¨p b{´klmb¯m S¡p¶p F¶Xnm Ip¶pIÄ
A{]Xy£amIp¶Xpw A]ISIcamb KÀ¯§Ä cq]s¸Sp¶Xpw DÄs¸sS ]ehn[ ]cnØnXn
mi§Ä¡v Jw ImcWambncn¡p¶p. th¡me age`yXbnse Ipdhv , {]mtZinI
ImemhØmhyXnbmw, Pe]cnt]mjWnebnse amäw, ssPh sshhn²ytimjWw,
AptbmPyaÃm¯ `qhnntbmK{Iaw, hÀ²n¨phcp¶ `ua{]Xn`mk§Ä (`qanIpep¡w, DcpÄs]m«Â),
hmbpþi_v Z aenoIcWw, hÀ²n¡p¶ tcmKmXpcX, nc´cap- m Ip¶ A]IS§Ä XpS§n
klnsISp¶ HchØbnte¡v Imcy§sf¯nbncn¡p¶p. A[nIrX IzmdnIfpw, IzmdnbnwKv coXnIfpw
{]iv§fpsS hym]vXn hÀ²n¸n¨p sImt-bncn¡p¶p.
tIcf¯nse FÃm ZnIfpw Anb{´nX aWÂJ¯nv hnt[bamWv . Hmtcm hÀjhpw
HgpInsb¯p¶ aWensâ 31 aS§v IqSpX aW ZnIfn n¶pw hmcnsbSp¡p¶XmbmWv icmicn
IW¡v. th¡me¯v oscmgp¡nÃmXmIÂ, ZoXoc§fnSn¨nÂ, D¸pshůnsâ XÅn¡bäw,
InWdphäÂ, ]mew XpS§nb nÀ½nXnIfpsS miw, ssPh ]cnØnXn timjWw XpS§n nch[n
A]cnlrXamb {]iv§Ä henb ]mcnØnXnImLmX¯np hgnsh¨ncn¡p¶p.
Icn¦Ãv, sh«pIÃv, Ifna®v XpS§nb eLp [mXp¡fpsS Jw nb{´W hnt[bam¡p¶Xnv
tIcf ssaÀ and I¬kj³ N«§Ä 1967 apX nehnep-v, F¶m km[mcW a®nsâ
Jw Cu N«§Ä¡v hnt[bam¡nbn«nÃ. AXpt]mse ZnIfnse aW hmc nb{´n¡p¶Xnv
tIcf ZoXoc kwc£WþaWÂhmc nb{´W `cW kwhn[m§Ä¡v km[n¡p¶nÃ. CXv
]cnlcn¨psIm-v apt¼m«p t]mIp¶Xnv Xmsg ]dbp¶ Nne nÀt±i§Ä Anhmcyambncn¡p¶p.
1. nÀamW taJebn lcnXkmt¦XnI hnZybpsS {]tbmKhpw nÀamW kma{KnIfpsS
]pcp]tbmKþ]pNw{IaW km[yXIfpw ASnb´ncambn S¸n hcp¯p¶Xnv kÀ¡mÀ
ap³ssIs¿Sp¡Ww.
2. m«nse s]mXpnÀanXnIfpsS AnhmcyX {]mtZinI kÀ¡mcpIfpsS klIcWt¯msS
kqXmcyambn nPs¸Sp¯p¶coXn {]tbmK¯n sIm-phcWw.
3. nÀamW kma{KnIfpsS e`yX ap³ nÀ¯n kzImcy nÀanXnIÄ¡v {]mtbmKnIamb Nne
nb{´W§Ä s]mXp[mcWtbmsS kzoIcnt¡- X mWv .
4. Hmtcm PnÃbnepw eLp [mXp¡fpsS J¯nv AptbmPyamb taJe Is-¯n AhnsS
hnZKv[kwL¯nsâ taÂtm«¯n `qþ]mcnØnXnI ]T§Ä S¯nbpw s]mXpPm`n{]mbw
kzcq]n¨pw Jkm[yXIfpw JcoXnIfpw kÀ¡mcnsâ B`napJy¯n nPs¸Sp¯pIbpw
th-XmWv.
5. km[mcW a®pÄs¸sSbpÅ eLp [mXp¡fpsS Jw ]qÀWambpw kÀ¡mÀ B`napJy¯nÂ
sIm-phtc-XmWv.
6. {]mtZinI kÀ¡mcpIÄ J¯nv ApaXn ÂIpt¼mÄ ssanwKv & PntbmfPn hIp¸v
dhyp hIp¸v, aenoIcW nb{´W t_mÀUv, FIvkt¹mkohvkv I¬t{SmfÀ
F¶nhcpsS AwKoImct¯msSm¸w AwKoIX GP³knbpsS ]cnØnXn
ApaXn e`n¨n«pt- m F¶pw, ssa³ kpc£m AtXmdnänsb tcJmaqew
Adnbn¨n«pt- m F¶pw Dd¸phcp¯Ww.

12. 12
7. J ]²Xn tcJ, kpcIv j m nÀt±i§Ä, kwØms¯ kÀ¡mÀ kmt¦XnI
GP³knIfpsS klmbt¯msS X¿mdm¡nb ]cnØnXn BLmX ]T dnt¸mÀ«v, ]cnØnXn
]cn]me ]²Xn, Izmdn {]tZi ]pØm] ]²Xn XpS§nbhbpsS ASnØm¯n kÀ¡mÀ
nbpà AtXmdn«nbpsS ]mcnØnXnImpaXn XpS§nbh JmpaXn ÂIp¶Xnv
nÀ_Ôamt¡- X mWv.
8. tI{μkÀ¡mcnsâ ssa³ kpc£m AtXmdn«n nÀtZin¡pw hn[w ssa³ kpc£m ¹mpw
]mcnØnXnImpaXn ÂIp¶ AtXmdn«n ap³Iq«n nPs¸Sp¯n ÂInbn«pÅ hn[w
]mcnØnXnImLmX ]T dnt¸mcv « pw X¿mdmt¡- X mWv . »mÌv aqeap- m tb¡mhp¶ BLmXw
nÀ_Ôambpw ]T¯np hnt[bam¡Ww.
9. {]mtZinI kÀ¡mÀ GsX¦nepw Hcp {]tZi¯v J¯nv ApaXn ÂIpt¼mÄ N«§fpw
nb{´W§fpw nÀt±i§fpw ]men¡p¶pt-m F¶v nco£n¡p¶Xnpw tZmjcoXnIÄ amän
nÀt±in¡p¶Xnpambn PntbmfPn, ]cnØnXn, FIvkvt¹mkohv F¶nhbnse hnZKv[cpw dhyp,
t]meokv, Xt±i kÀ¡mÀ F¶nhbnse {]Xnn[nIfpw AS§p¶ Hcp nco£W kanXnsb
ntbmKnt¡-XmWv.
10. Hcp Ip¶p apgph³ CÃmXmIp¶ coXnbntem aemS³ {]tZi§fnse `q{]IrXnbnÂ
AphZobaÃm¯ coXnbn amä§Ä D-m¡p¶tXm {]tXyI ]mcnØnXnI taJebmb CSmS³
emsäsdänIv taJesb in¸n¡p¶tXm Bb J¯nv Hcp ImcWhimepw ApaXn ÂIm³
]mSnÃm¯XmIp¶p.
11. J¯nptijw Dt]£n¡s¸«n«pÅ IzmdnIÄ kkyh¡cW¯ntm
Pekw`cW¯ntm aÕyw hfÀ¯p¶Xntm AptbmPyamb kpc£m {IaoIcW§tfmsS
D]tbmKs¸Spt¯- X mWv .
12. J¯nmbn `qan ÂIp¶XnpÅ AhImiw `q DSaIfn n¶pw amäp¶XnpXIpw hn[w
N«§fn amäw hcpt¯- X mWv .
13. kÀ¡mÀ nbpà GP³knIÄ hgn FÃm ZnIfpsSbpw aW e`yXm ]cntim[bpsS
ASnØm¯n Hmtcm IShnsebpw aW hmc nb{´W hnt[bam¡Ww.
14. Hmtcm Znbntebpw aWÂ e`yX¡pkcn¨v IShpIÄ¡v nÝnX Imebfhnte¡v nÀ_ÔnX
nb{´Ww sIm-phtc-XmWv.
15. aWÂ kw`cW¯npw hn]W¯npw kpXmcyamb s]mXp kwhn[mw Dd¸m¡Ww.
16. ZnIfpsSbpw ZoXoc§fpsSbpw ]pØm]¯nmbn oÀ¯Sm[njvTnX amÌÀ ¹m³
X¿mdm¡pIbpw AXnepÄs¸Sp¶ ]²XnIÄ dnhÀ amtPvsaâ v ^- v ^e{]Zambn D]tbmKn¨p
S¸nem¡pIbpw thWw.
17. eLp[mXp¡Ä, ]pgaW ChbpsS Jhpambn _Ôs¸« N«§fpw n_ÔIfpw
ImemIme§fn ]pXpt¡- X mWv .
lcnXhnIkw
IcSp amÀ¤tcJ
(kw{Klw)

13. 13
8. DuÀÖw
B[pnI PohnX¯nsâ kakvX taJeIsfbpw _m[n¡p¶ LSIamWv DuÀÖw. ½psS C¶s¯
DuÀÖ hyhØ ]cnanXhpw ]cnØnXn ZqjIhpamb I¡cn, F®, {]IrXnhmXIw F¶nhsb AanXambn
B{ibn¡p¶p. AXpsIm- p Xs¶ AXv kpØncaÃ. kutcmÀÖw XpS§nb ]pXp¡mhp¶ DuÀÖ
t{kmXÊpIsf B{ibn¡p¶ Hcp DuÀÖ hyhØbnte¡v F{XbpwthKw mw amtd- X p- v .
AtXmsSm¸w ½psS DuÀÖmhiy§Ä hÀ²n¨phcpIbpamWv . ASp¯ Ccp]Xv hÀjwsIm- v
sshZypXn D]tbmKw aqt¶m mtem aS§p hÀ²n¡pw F¶mWv HutZymKnI IW¡v. Cu Bhiy§Ä
]mcnØnXnI BLmXw ]camh[n Ipd¨psIm-v F§s ndthdmw?
KXmKXw: KXmKX Bkq{XW¯n Xs¶ DuÀÖLSIw IW¡nseSp¯psIm-v
KXmKXmhiy§Ä ]cnanXs¸Sp¯p¶Xnv ap³KW ÂIpI. s]mXp KXmKX hnIk¯nv {]mapJyw
ÂIpI. DuÀÖ km{μX Ipdª sdbnÂ, Pe KXmKX kwhn[m§sf ]camh[n hnIkn¸n¡pI.
PetkNw: ImÀjnI coXnIfn kapNnXamb ]cnjv¡mc§Ä hcp¯n Ir{Xna PetkNmhiyw
]cnanXs¸Sp¯pI. PetkNtaJebnse DuÀÖ£aX hÀ²n¸n¡pI. ]mgvsNehv Ipdbv¡pI. kutcmÀÖw
]htmÀÖw F¶nhbpsS {]tbmKw hÀ²n¸n¡pI.
KmÀlnIw: ]mNIcwK¯v CÔ£aX DbÀ¶ hndISp¸pIfpsSbpw Kymkv ÌuIfpsS D]tbmKw
{]Ncn¸n¡pI. KmÀlnI ameny kwkv¡cW¯neqsS ]mNIhmXIw DXv]mZn¸n¡p¶Xv {]Ncn¸n¡pI. ssPh
AhinjvS§sf Kymkm¡n amän ]mNIhmXIambn hnXcWw sN¿p¶ coXn ]co£n¡pI.
sshZypXn: tIcf¯nen¶v GItZiw 2000 saKmhm«v PesshZypX ]±XnIfn n¶pw 771 saKmhm«v
{ZhCÔ§fn n¶pw D¸mZn¸n¡p¶p-v. 1700 saKmhm«v tI{μ Xm]neb§fn n¶v FSp¡p¶hbmWv.
½psS kÔymkab (]o¡v) Unamâ v Cs¡mÃw GXm-v 3500 saKmhm«v Bbncp¶p. hmÀjnI D]t`mKw 1986
tImSn bqWnäv hcpw. CXv {Iaambn DbÀ¶psIm-ncn¡pIbmWv. ASp¯ 10 hÀjwsIm-v ½psS DuÀÖ
Bhiyw 3250 tImSn bqWnäv Bbn hÀ²n¡pw F¶mWv HutZymKnI IW¡v.
F¶m DuÀÖ kwc£WS]SnIfneqsSbpw ]mgvjvS§Ä Ipdbv¡p¶XneqsSbpw CXv 2825 tImSn
bqWnämbn ]cnanXs¸Sp¯mw F¶v hnZKv[À IcpXp¶p.
* t{]jW hnXcW jvSw Ipdb¡Â CFL, LED apXemb £aX IqSnb D]IcW§fpsS {]Nmcw,
DuÀÖ km{μamb hyhkmb§Ä Hgnhm¡Â, BVw_chpw [qÀ¯pw ]camh[n Ipdbv ¡ pI
XpS§nhbhbv¡v ap³KW ÂIWw.
* ]pXnb h³InS PesshZypX ]²XnItfm BWhneb§tfm tIcf¯n Øm]n¡cpXv. hmXI
Xm]neb§Ä ]cnKWn¡p¶Xv kutcmÀÖw, ]htmÀÖw XpS§nb A£b
DuÀÖt{kmXÊpIfpsS km[yX ]camh[n ]cntim[n¨tijta BImhq.
* tIcf¯n ]htmÀÖ¯nsâ km[yX Dt±iw 1000 saKmhm«v hcpw F¶mWv IW¡v. CXnv Gähpw
ap³KW ÂIWw. h³InS ImämSn¸mS§Äs¡m¸w hoSpIfn Øm]n¡mhp¶ sNdp ImämSn
b{´§Ä¡pw {]m[myw sImSp¡Ww.
* ssPh{Zhy§fn n¶v GXm- v 300 saKmhm«v D¸mZn¸n¡mw F¶v
IW¡m¡s¸Sp¶p. sX§nsâ ]mgvhkvXp¡Ä, hndIv XpS§nbhbn n¶v
Kymkn^bdneqsS 500 saKmhm«v D¸mZn¸n¡mpÅ km[yXbpw D- v .

14. 14
CXpIqSmsX Kcameny§sf Iwt]mÌv sNbvX tijw Ahtijn¡p¶ ssPhLSI§sf RDF
(Refuse Derived Fuel) Bbn DuÀtÖm¸mZ¯nv D]tbmKn¡mpw {ian¡Ww.
kutcmÀÖw
* ]pc¸pd¯p Øm]n¡mhp¶ kutcmÀÖ ¹mâpIfn n¶v GXm-v 30,000 saKmhm«v (3600 tImSn
bqWnäv) sshZypXn D¸mZn¸n¡mpÅ km[yX tIcf¯nep-v.
* CXpIqSmsX tdmUpIÄ, PetkN ImepIÄ, XpS§nbhbv¡v aosXbpw kutcmÀÖ ¹mâpIÄ
Øm]n¡mw.
* Bhiyamb ]mcnØnXnI ]T§fpsS ASnØm¯n dnkÀthmbdpIfpsS D]cnXe¯nsâ Hcp
`mK¯v shůn s]m§n¡nS¡p¶ tkmfmÀ ]mepIÄ Øm]n¡p¶Xv BtemNn¡mhp¶XmWv.
* FÃm kÀ¡mÀ sI«nS§fnepw Hcp nÝnX hnkvXrXnbn IqSpXepÅ kzm`mhnI sI«nS§fnepw
tkmfmÀ ]mepIÄ nÀ_ÔnXam¡Ww.
* sXcphv hnf¡pIsfÃmw kutcmÀÖm[njvTnXam¡mw.
* hmWnPyØm]§Ä AhcpsS sshZypXn Bhiy§fn BImhps¶mcp `mKw kutcmÀÖ¯nÂ
n¶v D¸mZn¸n¡Ww F¶v nÀ_Ôn¡Ww.
* ]cky¸eIIÄ XpS§nbhbv¡v s]mXpkwhn[m¯n n¶v sshZyXn ÂtI-XnÃ.
* ]o¡v Unamâ v amtPvsaânmbn Xm¡menI ASnØm¯n _mädnbn sshZypXn tiJcn¨v
kÔy¡v D]tbmKn¡p¶ C³shÀ«À kwhn[mw t{]mÕmln¸n¡mhp¶XmWv.
{Ko³ FÀPn tImÀ¸tdj³
nehnepÅ sshZypXn t_mÀUns lcnX DuÀÖ Bib§Ä DÄs¡mÅp¶ Hcp {Ko³ FÀPn
tImÀ¸tdj³ B¡n amäWw. CXnmbn DSSn t_mÀUn Hcp {Ko³ FÀPn Unhnj³ Bcw`n¡pIbpw
DuÀÖ kwc£Ww, kutcmÀÖw, ]htmÀÖw, ssPthmÀÖw XpS§nbhbv¡pÅ taPÀ ]²XnIÄ
AhcpsS B`napJy¯n GsäSp¡pIbpw thWw.
lcnXhnIkw
IcSp amÀ¤tcJ
(kw{Klw)

15. 15
9. tIcf¯nse sI«nS nÀ½mW taJe A`napJoIcn¡p¶
{][m {]iv§Ä
Ignª sk³kkv {]Imcw tIcf¯n 11 e£w hoSpIÄ BÄXmakanÃmsX InS¡p¶p-v. AtX
kbaw 3.5 e£w IpSpw_¯nv hoSv CÃmsXbpap-v. hoSpIÄ Hcp nt£] amÀKambn ImWp¶Xnsâ
]cnWX ^eambn«mWv C§ns kw`hn¡p¶Xv. AtX kabw Ahi ZpÀ_e Phn`mK¯np A{]m{]yamb
coXnbn `qanbpsSbpw nÀ½mW hkvXp¡fpsSbpw hne hÀ²n¡pIbpw sNbvXp. ½psS ASnØm
Bhiy¯n n¶p amdn BÀ`mS¯npw kaql¯nse Ømam¯npambn amdnb sI«nS nÀ½mWw
D]tbmKn¡p¶Xv ½psS m«nse ZpÀe`amb {]IrXn hn`h§fpw, DuÀÖhpamWv. CXv ImemhØm
hyXnbm aS¡apÅ ]mcnØnXnI {]iv§Ä¡v {][m tlXphmIp¶p.
nÀt±i§Ä
1. lcnX nÀ½mW N«w sIm- p hcWw.
2. `mhnbnse FÃm nÀamW§fpw lcnX nÀ½mW N«¯npkrXambncn¡Ww.
3. Hcp IpSpw_¯nv Hcp hoSv F¶XmhWw ½psS bw
4. Hcp IpSpw_¯nv H¶n IqSpX hoSpIÄ nehn Ds-¦n AXns hmWnPymhiy¯nmbn
IW¡m¡n A[nI nIpXn Npat¯- X mWv .
5. lcnX nÀ½mW N«¯npkcn¨v ]Wnbp¶ sI«nS§Ä¡v nIpXnbnfhv ÂtI-XmWv.
6. hcpam nIpXnbnfhn n¶pw IpSpw_¯nse c- m as¯ hoSns Hgnhmt¡- X mWv .
7. Xmgv¶ hcpam¡mÀ¡v kÀ¡mÀ nÀ½n¨p ÂIp¶ hoSpIfn ncmew_À¡pth-nbpÅ (Destitutes
& Widows) hoSpIÄ ]pÀWambpw kÀ¡mÀ sNehn Xs¶ nÀ½n¨p ÂIWw .
8. sPF³F³bpBÀFw amÀ¤ nÀt±i {]Imcw ]pXpXmbn ]Wnbp¶ ]mÀ¸nS kap¨b§fpsS 20%
hnkvXrXn Zcn{Z ZpÀ_e Phn`mK¯np th-n amänhbv¡Wsa¶mWv. AXnpkcn¨pÅ nba
nÀ½mWw S¯Ww. AXpt]mse `qan t¹m«pIfmbn `mKn¨p sImSp¡pIbmsW¦n AXnsâ 20%
`q _m¦ntebv¡v ÂIWsa¶v ]dbp¶p. AXpw nbaambn S¸nem¡Ww.
9. Kc§sf hoÀ¸pap«en n¶pw Hgnhm¡n {]m´ {]tZi§fn {]IrXntbmSnW§nb Xc¯nepÅ
(Lowrice) kzbw ]cym]v X amb sNdp Kc§Ä D- m IWw.
10. 150 NXpc{i aoädn IqSpXepÅ FÃm hoSpIfnepw agshÅ kw`cWnIfpw, ameny nÀ½mÀÖ
kwhn[m§fpw, kutcmÀÖ kwhn[m§fpw D-mbncn¡Ww.
11. DÂ]mZn¸n¡p¶ sshZyqXn, Hmtcm hoSnpw kw`cn¡msX {KnUntebv¡v IS¯n hnSp¶XnpÅ
kwhn[mw sIFkv C _n Hcpt¡- X mWv .

16. 16
10. KXmKXw
C´ybnse aäv {]tZi§fpambn XmcXays¸Sp¯pt¼mÄ `qhnkvXrXnbpsS ASnØm¯nepw
PkwJybpsS ASnØm¯nepw Gähpw hnIknXamb tdmUp irwJebmWv tIcf¯ntâXv .
AXnm¯s¶ ChnsS Cnbp- m tI- KXmKX hnIkw ]pXnb tdmUpnÀamWaÃ, adn¨v nehnepÅ
KXmKX irwJebpsS sa¨s¸Sp¯Â Bbncn¡Ww. ]Xnhv AäIpä¸WnIÄ¡v ]pdta, ImemhØbnepw
PkwJybnepw PohnXssienbnepw D- m Ip¶ amä§Ä¡pkrXamb ]cnjv ¡ mc§fpw D- m IWw.
CXnp]pdta sX¡phS¡v o-pInS¡p¶Xpw Ingt¡m«v imJIfpÅXpamb Hcp sdbn s«Ãpw,
aq¶p hnam¯mhf§fpw, Hcp apJyXpdapJhpw, 17 sNdp XpdapJ§fpw DÄs¸Sp¶Xpw GXm-v sXt¡bäw
apXÂ hSt¡bäw hsc _Ôn¸n¡p¶Xpamb Pe]mXbpw tIcf KXmKX kwhn[m¯nsâ ASnØm
LSI§ft{X.
ASnb´nc ]cnKWbv¡pÅ nÀt±i§Ä
1. tIcf¯nsâ KXmKX hnIk¯nmbpÅ FÃm ]²XnIfpw ]cnØnXn kulrZ]chpw {]mtZinI
]cnØnXnsb IW¡nseSp¡p¶Xpw Bbncn¡Ww. ]mcnØnXnI ZpÀ_e {]tZi§fneqsStbm, kzm`mhnI
h§fneqsStbm, oÀ¯S§fneqsStbm Cn ]pXnsbmcp tdmUpw, sdbnÂ]mXbpw, hnam¯mhfhpw
]WnbcpXv.
2. nehnepÅ FÃm tdmUpIfpw kpc£nXhpw kpKahpamb KXmKX¯npXIpw hn[w AäIpä¸Wn XoÀ¯v
sa¨s¸Sp¯Ww.
3. s]mXp KXmKX kwhn[mw sa¨s¸Sp¯pIbpw s]mXptaJebn¯s¶ nenÀ¯pIbpw thWw. _n.Hm.Sn.
hXv¡cWw Ahkmn¸n¡Ww.
4. sX¡phS¡v AXnthK ]mX, AXv GXv t]cn Bbmepw tIcf¯nv BhiyanÃ. nÀ±njvS AXnthK
sdbn CSmgnbà ASnb´nc Bhiyw. tIcf¯nv Cn ]pXnb A´mcmjv{S hnam¯mhf§fpw
BhiyanÃ.
5. nehnepÅ sX¡phS¡v sdbnÂ]mX mephcn¸mXbm¡n B[pnIhXv¡cn¨v AXnsâ km[yXIÄ
]camh[n apXem¡p¶Xnmbncn¡Ww Gähpw ap³KW.
AXpt]mse Xs¶ F³.F¨v. 47 pw 17 Dw mephcnbm¡n, Kc§Ä¡v ss_¸mkpIfpw BhiyambbnS§fnÂ
ta¸me§fpw sImSp¯v s]mXptaJebn nenÀ¯Ww. {]mtZinI tdmUpIsf ta¸dª s«Ãpambn
_Ôn¸n¨v s]mXpKXmKX hnIkw Bkq{XWw sN¿Ww.
6. CNG, kutcmÀÖw apXemb ]cnØnXn kulrZt{kmXÊpIÄ D]tbmKs¸Sp¯n PeKXmKX km[yX
]camh[n {]tbmPs¸Sp¯Ww.
7. P]Z§fpsS ]pÀhnymkw, `cWhntI{μoIcWw F¶o XXz§Ä {]tbmPs¸Sp¯n KXmKXmhiy§Ä
]camh[n Ipdbv¡p¶ kao]w km¼¯nI Bkq{XW¯nsâ `mKamIWw. AtXmsSm¸w CÔ£aX
]camh[nbm¡p¶ kmt¦XnIhnZyIÄ {]tbmK¯n hcp¯pIbpw sN¿Ww.
8. PkwJymamäw, PohnXssieoamäw, ImemhØm amäw, ]mcnØnXnI BLmX§Ä, CÔ£maw,
`q]cnanXn XpS§nbh IW¡nseSp¯psIm-v ASp¯ 25 hÀjt¯¡pÅ Hcp KXmKX hnIk ]cnt{]£yw
X¿mdm¡Ww. AXnmbn _Ôs¸« taJeIfnse hnZKv[À DÄs¸« Hcp kzX{´ kanXn¡v cq]w sImSp¡Ww.
lcnXhnIkw
IcSp amÀ¤tcJ
(kw{Klw)

17. 17
11. Jcameny nÀamÀÖw
hnIknX cmjv{S§tfmSp t]mepw InS]nSn¡¯¡ hn[¯n BtcmKy cwK¯p-m¡nb
t«§fpsS t]cnemWv Hcp kaqlw F¶ nebnepw Hcp kwØmsa¶ nebnepw tIcfw
{]ikvXambncp¶Xv. Häs¡«mb {]bXv§fpw X{´]camb kao]§fpw
ZoÀLZrjvSntbmSpIqSnb hnZym`ymk / t_m[h¡cW {]hÀ¯§fpamWv CXv
km[yam¡nbXv. F¶m tIcfw C¶v tcnSp¶ ameny {]ivw {]tXyIn¨v Jcameny {]ivw
CXphsc tIcfw A`namn¨ncp¶ t«§sfsbms¡ njv{]`am¡p¶psh¶Xv Hcp
hntcm[m`mkw Xs¶bmWv. ½Ä aÊemt¡- Hcp kwKXn, ameny{]ivhpambn
aÃnSp¶Xn tIcfw Häbv¡Ã. F¶p am{Xhpaà tIcf¯nI¯p HXp§n n¶p sIm-pÅ
{]hÀ¯§Ä¡v ameny{]ivs¯ ]cnlcn¡mpw IgnbnÃ. ImcWw tIcf¯nÂ
ameny§fmbn h¶p IqSp¶h `qcn`mKhpw tIcf¯np ]pd¯v nÀ½n¡s¸«hbmWv.
ameny nt£] tI{μ-§Äs¡-Xn-cmb, ià-amb AcUk-tmfw _lp-P {]t£m-`§Ä¡pw
sNdp-¯p-n¸p-IÄ¡pw tIcfw km£yw hln-¨n-«p--v. C¡q-«-¯n kÀ¡m-cp-I-sfbpw t]meo-kn-
sbpw tImS-Xn-sbbpw Hcp-t]mse ap«p-Ip-¯n¨ hnf-¸n ime-bnse kacw FSp¯p ]d-tb-- Xm-
Wv.
kpXm-cy-a-Ãm¯ CS-]m-Sp-Ifpw tkzÑm-]-c-amb Bkq-{X-W-§fpw XnIª ]cm-P-b-§-fm-bn-cp¶
tI{μo-IrX kwhn-[m--§-fn ]ns¶bpw ]ns¶bpw apXÂap-S-¡n-bXpw s]mXp-P--§Ä¡v kÀ¡m-
cp-I-fn-epÅ hnizmkw jvS-s¸-Sp-¯n. `mhn-bn CXnepw henb ]cm-Pb km²y-X-bpÅ tI{μo-
IrX, h³InS aqe-[--sN-e-hpÅ þ ssl sSIv ]²-Xn-Ifpw kao-]--§fpw b-§-fp-am-bmWv
kÀ¡mÀ Ct¸mÄ apt¶m«p t]mbn-s¡m--n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.
hntI-{μo-IrX kwhn-[m--§Ä, _lp-P ]¦m-fn-¯w, imào-I-cWw. Cu aq¶p kwK-Xn-Ifpw ASn-
Øm--am-¡n-bmWv tIcf ipNnXz anj³ ameny apà-tI-cfw F¶ {]hÀ¯ ]²Xn Ah-X-cn-
¸n¨Xv. tIc-f-¯nse ameny nÀamÀP¯npw hn`-h-§Ä hos--Sp-¡p-¶-Xnpw ]ptcm-K-a--]-
chpw kpØn-c-hp-amb Hcp {]hÀ¯ cq]-tc-Jbpw ASnØm-hpw ÂIp-¶-Xn tIcf ipNnXz
anj³ hnP-bn-¨p.
ipNnXz anj³ e`y-am-¡nb amÀ£-tcJ ]n´p-S-cp-¶-Xnepw kuI-cy-§Ä {]tbm-P--s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-
Xnepw ]pXp-Xmbn ne-hn h¶ Xt±i kzbw `cW kÀ¡m-cp-I-fpsS hnap-J-X; kzbw klmb
kwL-§sf kmt¦-XnI hnZ-Kv[-cmbn amänsbSp¯v hntI-{μo-IrX kwhn-[m--§Ä e`y-am-¡p-¶-
Xnpw AXnsâ XpSÀ {]hÀ¯--§Ä¡p]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶-Xnepw AXp-hgn Ah-cpsS Ign-hp-Isf
{]tbm-P--s¸-Sp¯n ]²Xn hn]p-eo-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xnepw D-mb ]cm-P-bw; ]²-Xn-IÄ ka-b-_-Ôn-X-
ambn S-¸n-em-¡p-¶-Xn DtZym-K-ØÀ ImWn¨ Am-Ø ; kwØm kÀ¡mÀ ]pd-s¸-Sp-hn¨
am¤tc-J-IÄ ]n´p-S-cp-¶-Xn tkh ZmXm-¡Ä Im«nb ssha-kyw; tIcf ipNnXz anj-sbpw
AXp-ambn _Ô-s¸« kwL-Sm kwhn-[m--§-sfbpw {]{In-b-I-sfbpw am-Z-WvU-§-sfbpw amÀK-
tc-J-I-sfbpw Akm-[p-hm-¡p-Ibpw njv{In-b-am-¡p-Itbm ]ncn-¨p-hn-Sp-Itbm sNbvX-Xv ; thÌv äp
FÀPn t]mepÅ tI{μo-IrX kwhn-[m--§-fn-te-¡pÅ kÀ¡m-cnsâ ne-]mSp amäw; cmjv{Sob
Xmev]-cy-§Ä; XpSÀ¨-bn-Ãm¯ t_m[-h¡-cW {]hÀ¯--§Ä F¶nh tIc-f-¯nse ameny
{]ivw cq£am¡n.

18. 18
t]mwhgnIÄ
1. tIcf ipNnXz anj³ Ah-X-cn-¸n¨ ameny apà tIcfw ]²-Xn-bpsS {]hÀ¯ cq]-tcJ hos--
Sp-¡p-Ibpw ]p-cm-hn-jvI-cn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pI
2. Jc-am-eny nÀamÀP--¯np-th- Bkq-{X-W-¯npw S-¯n-¸npw taÂtm-«-¯npw cq]o-I-cn¨
kwL-Sm kwhn-[mw ]px-Øm-]n-¡p-I.
3. AssPh ameny ]cn-]m-e--¯n-mbn ]©m-b¯p Xe-¯n saäo-cn-b dn¡-hdn ^kn-en-än-Ifpw
taJ-em-X-e-¯n dntkmgvkv dn¡-hdn ]mÀ¡p-Ifpw Øm]n-¡p-I.
4. Jc-am-eny ]cn-]m-e ]²-Xn-I-fn B{In s]dp-¡p-¶-h-scbpw I¨-h-S-¡m-scbpw kwL-Sn-¸n¨v Ah-
sc-¡qSn DÄs¸-Sp¯p-I.
5. Jc-am-eny tiJ-c-W-¯n GÀs¸-«n-cn-¡p¶ kzbw klmb kwL-§Ä¡v kmt¦-XnI ]cn-io-ew
ÂIn {]m]vXo-I-cn-¡p-I.
6. Unkvt]m-kn-_nÄ ¹mÌnIv DÂ]-¶-§sf ntcm-[n-¡pI
7. hmÀUp Xe-¯ntem taJem Xe-¯ntem sNdp-InS It¼m-Ìnw-Kv, _tbm-Kymkv ]²-Xn-IÄ S-¸n-
em¡n s]mXp ]²-Xn-I-fn³ta-epÅ k½À±w Ipd¨p sIm-p hcp-I.
8. ssPh-am-en-y-§Ä kwkvI-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-m-h-iy-amb kz´w kwhn-[mw I¨-hS Øm]--§Ä¡pw
Øm]--§Ä¡pw nÀ_-Ô-am-¡p-I.
9. P-§-fpsS kao-]--¯n KpW-]-c-amb amäw hcp-¯p¶ Xc-¯n-epÅ ZoÀL-Ime {]Nm-cW ]²-Xn-
IÄ S-¸n-em-¡pI
10. s]mXp-P--§-fpsS hnizmkw BÀPn-¡p-¶-Xnv P-{]-Xn-n-[n-Ifpw kÀ¡mÀ DtZym-K-Øcpw nÀ_-
Ô-ambpw amXr-Im-]-c-amb ameny ]cn-]m-e kwhn-[m--§Ä kz´w ho«nepw Øm]--§-fnepw hnP-b-I-c-
ambn S-¯n-¡m-Wn-¡p-I.
11. AssPh amen-y-§sf Xcw Xncn¨v kq£n-¡p-¶-Xn-pÅ saäo-cn-b dn¡-hdn ^kn-enän FÃm
kÀ¡mÀ Øm]--§-fnepw nÀ_-Ô-am-¡p-I.
12. Ce-Ivt{Sm-WnIv ameny nÀamÀP nbaw kwØm-¯v S-¸m-¡pI
13. nÀKpW ]ZmÀ°-§-sfbpw ]p-cp-]-tbm-K-¯ntm ]px-Nw-{I-a-W-¯ntm km[y-X-bn-Ãm¯ ]mgv
hkvXp-¡-sfbpw ssIImcyw sN¿p-¶-Xnv taJem Xe-¯n kmn-«dn emâ v ^nÃp-IÄ Øm]n-¡p-I. Ah-
bn-te¡v aäp ]mgv hkvXp-¡-sfm¶pw t]mIp-¶n-söv Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯p-¶-Xn-pÅ kwhn-[m--§-fp-ap--m-¡pI
14. amen-y-§sf I¯n¨v DuÀÖ-ap--m-¡p¶ FÃm ]²-Xn-Ifpw DS³ nÀ¯n-sh-¡pI
15. ne-hn-epÅ {]iv _m[nX, ]cm-P-b-s¸« ]²-Xn-Isf L«w L«-ambn CÃm-Xm-¡p-¶-Xntm ]px-
kw-LSn¸n-¡p-¶-Xntm DÅ {]hÀ¯ cq]-tcJ X¿m-dm¡n S-¸n-em-¡pI
16. ameny nt£] tI{μ-§Ä aqew Zpcn-X-a-p-`hn-¡p¶ P-§Ä¡v jvS-]-cn-lmcw ÂIp-I.
17. tIc-f-¯n GIo-IrX s]mXpPm-tcmKy nbaw S-¸n-em-¡pI
kotdm-th-kvd-dn-e-[n-jvTn-X-amb Hcp ameny ]cn-]m-e kwhn-[m--¯np am{Xta tIcfw t]msemcp
{]tZ-i-¯npw kaq-l-¯npw tbmPn-¡p-I-bpÅq F¶p a-Ên-em¡ns¡m--pÅ {]hÀ¯--§-fmWv ap-¡n-
¶m-hiyw.
lcnXhnIkw
IcSp amÀ¤tcJ
(kw{Klw)

19. 19
12. hyhkmb aenoIcWw
tIcfw hyhkmbh¡cW {]{Inbbnte¡v ]n¨hbv ¡ m³ Bcw`n¡p¶Xv 1934þemWv . AXv
FdWmIpfw PnÃbnse Geqcn C´y³ Aepannbw I¼n Øm]n¨psIm-mWv. tIcf¯n D¸mZn¸n¨
sshZypXn D]tbmKn¨p XoÀ¡p¶Xnpth-n¡qSnbmWo I¼n Øm]n¨Xv. ]n¶oSv 1943þ FACT, HIL, IRC,
TCC, tIman³tIm_nmn XpS§n Ht«sd hyhmkmb Øm]§Ä Geqcn Øm]nXambn. IqSpXepw
cmkm[njvTnX hyhkmb§Ä. A§ns 280 Hmfw hyhkmb§fpambn GeqÀ þ FSbmÀ taJe tIcf¯nsâ
hyhkmb XeØmambn amdn. AtXmsSm¸w tImgnt¡mSv PnÃbn Øm]n¨ amhqÀ KzmfntbmÀ dtbm¬kv,
Xncph´]pcw PnÃbnse {Smh³IqÀ ssSämnbw s{]mUIvävkv, lnμpØm³ emäIvkv enanäUv, sImÃs¯
tIcf andÂkv Bâ v saäÂkv, Cw¥ojv C´ym t¢, IRE XpS§nbhbpw tIcf¯nsâ hyhkmb
{]hÀ¯¯nsâ apJap{ZIfmWv. asämcp {][m hyhkmbtaJe ]me¡mSv PnÃbnse I©nt¡mSpÅ
]gb hyhkmb taJebpw ]pXnb hyhkmb taJebpamWv. Cu c-nS¯pambn 45 Hmfw Ccp¼pcp¡v
hyhkmb§Ä {]hÀ¯n¡p¶p. IqSmsX sSIvkvssäÂ, ssU XpS§nb hyhkmb§fpw DÄs¸sS 400 Hmfw
sdUv ImäKdn hyhkmb§fpw D- v . sImïv sNdpXpw hepXpambn 3200 hyhkmbØm]§Ä
ØnXnsN¿p¶p. AXn 250 F®w sdUv ImäKdnbn s]«XmWv. Be¸pgbn 2500 Hmfw Øm]§Ä
{]hÀ¯n¡p¶p. tIcf¯n BsI 25000 t¯mfw sNdpXpw hepXpamb Øm]§Ä {]hÀ¯n¡p¶p.
IqSmsX 1500 saä {IjÀ Øm]§Ä {]hÀ¯n¡p¶p. tIcfw F¶ sIm¨p {]tZi¯v hnykn¡mhp¶
hyhkmb kwcw`§Ä CXnIw Øm]nXambn«ps-¶mWv Fsâ ]£w.
hyhkmb aenoIcWw
hyhkmb aenoIcW¯nsâ {]Xy£ DZmlcWambncp¶p amhqÀ. {]IrXnhn`h§Ä AXymÀ¯ntbmsS
NqjWw sN¿pIbpw shÅhpw hmbphpw IcbpsaÃmw AanXambn aenoIcn¨psIm-v tcmKmXpcXbpsS
Hcp ]c¼c Xs¶ amhqÀ krjvSn¨p.
GeqÀ þ FSbmÀ taJebnse 75 hÀjs¯ hyhkmb {]hÀ¯§ÄsIm- v tIcf¯nsâ PohmUn
F¶p hntijn¸n¡mhp¶ s]cnbmdnsâ Xmsg `mKhpw sIm¨n Imbepw DÄs¸sS `oIcambn aenoIcn¡s¸«p.
Bbnc¡W¡nv aÕys¯mgnemfnIÄ¡v CXpaqew D]Pohw ap«p¶ ØnXn kwPmXamhpIbmWv. nch[n
aÕyC§Ä A{]Xy£ambn. Icbpw, shÅhpw, hmbphpw AXy]ISIcamb coXnbn aenoIcn¡s¸«p.
tcmKmXpcX tIcf icmicntb¡mÄ hfsc DbÀ¶ nc¡nte¡mbn. CsXÃmw hkv X pXm]cambpw
imkv{Xobambpw sXfnbn¡p¶p 14 Hmfw B[nImcnI ]T§Ä. 1999þ A´mcmjv{S ]cnØnXn kwLSbmb
{Ko³]oknsâ ]T {]Imcw temIs¯ 35þmas¯ amcIhnjtaJe, C´ybnse aq¶mas¯ amcIhnjtaJe,
2009þ2010þse tI{μ ]cnØnXn a{´meb¯nsâ ]T{]Imcw C´ybnse 24þmas¯ KpcpXc aenoIcW
{]tZiw. kÀ¡mÀ ]T{]Imcw tcmKmXpcX tIcf¯nt¡mÄ IqSpX F¶n§s Ht«sd hntijW§Ä.
C§s Xncph´]pcw TTP bmsW¦nepw, sImÃs¯ KMML BsW¦nepw, Be¸pgbnse ssU
bqWnäpIfpw amIv U zh I¼nbmsW¦nepw, ]me¡mSpÅ hyhkmb taJebmsW¦nepw AXoh
KpcpXcambn aenoIcW {]iv§Ä nen¡p¶p.
F´mWv ]cnlmcw
Ignª 71/2 ]Xnäm-pImes¯ hyhkmb {]hÀ¯w Nne kp{][m tNmZy§Ä DbÀ¯p¶p
1. tIcf¯nsâ hyhkmb h¡cW {]{InbbpsS ap¶p]m[n nÝbn¨Xn ap¡v ]niIv ]änbn«pt-m?
2. ½psS `q{]IrXnsbbpw ImÀjnI D¸¶§sfbpw th-hn[¯n ]cnKWn¡msXbpÅ hyhkmb
bw BÀ¡mWv bYmÀ°¯n KpWw sNbvXXv?
3. {]mtZinI k¼ZvhyhØbpw XXv hyhkmb§fpw th-hn[¯n ]cnKWn¡s¸t«m?
4. Aimkv{Xobamb hyhkmb {]hÀ¯waqew ]c¼cmKX hyhkmb§fpw sXmgnenS§fpw (aÕytaJe
DÄs¸sS) FÃmw F¶t¶¡pambn jvSs¸Sp¶ kmlNcyw D-mbn«ntÃ?
5.Ipdª `qhnntbmKhpw Ipdª aenoIcWhpw F¶ bpàn `{Zamb b§fnÂ
n¶pw msa§sbmWv hgnamdnbXv?
Cu tNmZy§Ä DÅnen«psIm- p thWw ap¡v {]iv ]cnlmcsa¶ Xe¯nte¡v
F¯m³.

20. 20
Fsâ mfnXphscbpÅ CSs]SepIfn n¶v Fn¡v t_m[yapÅ Nne Imcy§Ä Rm³ apt¶m«v hbv¡mw.
1. tIcf¯nse FÃm PnÃIfnepw hyhkmb§fpw sslssdkv _nÂUnwKpIfpambn _Ôs¸«v hfsc
ka{Kamb Hcp hmlItijn ]Tw (IymcnbnwKv I¸mknän ÌUn) S¯Ww. AXnsâ ASnØm¯nte
Cn hyhkmb kwcw`§Ä AphZn¡m³ ]mSpÅp.
2. tIcfkwØm aenoIcW nb{´W t_mÀUv k¼qÀWambpw Agn¨p]Wn¡v hnt[bam¡pI.
F. sNbÀammbn PCB DtZymKØcÃm¯hsc ntbmKn¡pI. njv¸£cmb imkv{XÚÀ, IAS,
IPS DtZymKØÀ Chsc ]cnKWn¡mw.
_n. t_mÀUnepÅ t{SUpbqWnb³, cmjv{Sob CSs]SepIÄ ]qÀWambpw Hgnhm¡pI.
cmjv{Sob]mÀ«nIfpsS tmannIsf t_mÀUn ntbmKn¡p¶ coXnbpw Hgnhm¡pI.
kn. PCB bpsS {]hÀ¯s¯ mep hnwKpIfmbn Xncn¡pI. hyhkmb¯npw ]cnØnXn
kwc£W¯npambn Hmtcm PnÃbnepw Hmtcm No^v F©nnbÀamcpsS tXrXz¯n {]hÀ¯w
S¯Ww. AXpt]mse ap³kn¸Â tkmfnUv thÌv ssIImcyw sN¿p¶Xnmbn Hcp No^v
F©nnbdpsS tXrXz¯n {]tXyIw kvIzmUv D-mIWw. Bip]{Xn ameny§Ä ssIImcyw
sN¿p¶Xnmbn No^v F©nnbdpsS tXrXz¯n asämcp hnwKv. CþthÌv ssIImcyw sN¿m³
asämcp hnwKv. A§s Hmtcm taJebnepw {]mhoWyapÅhcmbncn¡pw AXv bn¡p¶Xv.
sNbÀampw sa¼À sk{I«dnbpw {]hÀ¯§Ä GtIm]n¨m aXnbmIpw.
Un. AXpt]mse aeooIcWw {i²bnÂs¸«m kvt]m«n in£n¡m³ Ignbp¶ hn[¯n PCB
bpsS {]hÀ¯¯n amäw hcWw (tamt«mÀ hmlhIp¸pw aäpw sN¿p¶Xpt]mse)
C. hyhkmb aenoIcWhpw PCB bpsS {]hÀ¯§fpw nco£n¡p¶Xnmbn ]cnØnXn
{]hÀ¯Isc¡qSn DÄs¸Sp¯n kwØmXe¯n Pollution Monitoring Committee
cq]oIcn¡Ww.
F^v. Hmtcm {]tZi¯pw hyhkmb taJebn GeqÀ þ FSbmÀ taJebn kp{]ow tImSXn nco£W
kanXn cq]oIcn¨ {]mtZinI ]cnØnXn I½nänbpsS amXrIbn A[nImct¯mSpIqSnb {]mtZinI
I½nänIÄ cq]oIcn¡pI.
3. FÃm ZnIÄ¡pw ZoXS AtXmdnänIÄ cq]oIcn¡pI.
4. hyhkmb ameny§Ä ASnªpIqSn mtim·pJambns¡m- n cn¡p¶ s]cnbmÀ ASnb´ncambn
]pcpÖohn¸n¡pI. aÕys¯mgnemfnIÄ¡p jvS]cnlmcw ÂIpI.
5. s]cnbmdnsâ Xoc¯v cmkhyhkmb§Ä¡v k¼qÀW ntcm[w GÀs¸Sp¯pI
6. FÃm hyhkmb taJebnepw ]cnØnXn BLmX ]Tw S¯pI.
7. ZoXoc§fn n¶v 5 In.ao. amdntb F´p hyhkmb§Ä¡pw ApaXn ÂImhq.
8. PeaenoIcW nb{´Wnbahpw hmbpþ]cnØnXn kwc£Wnbahpw ImtemNnXambn ]cnjv¡cn¡pI.
9. PCB A{IUntäjpÅ FÃm em_pIÄ¡pw NABL A{IUntäj³ nÀ_Ôam¡pI.
10. mj Cw¹nsatâj³ ¹m³ S¸nem¡pI.
lcnXhnIkw
IcSp amÀ¤tcJ
(kw{Klw)

21. 21
13. hyhkmb hnIkw
tIcf¯nsâ XXp hn`h§sf aqeyhÀ²nX DXv]¶§fm¡n amäp¶ {]{InbbneqsS ChnsS
sXmgnehkc§Ä krãn¡pIbpw cmPy¯nsâ k¼¯p hÀ²n¸n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶ hyhkmb§Ä¡mWv
mw ap³KW ÂtI-Xv. AtXmsSm¸w ½psS PohnXw IqSpXÂ kpJIchpw BkzmZyhpam¡m³
D]Icn¡p¶ b{´§fpw D]IcW§fpw tkh§fpw GXfhn ChnsS¯s¶ DXv]mZn¸n¡msa¶pw mw
{i²nt¡-Xp-v. F¶m Cu {]{Inb ½psS {]IrXn hn`h§sf AanXambn timjn¸n¡pItbm, ssPh
hyhØsb AkzoImcyamb Afhn A]ISs¸Sp¯pItbm sN¿p¶nà F¶pw Dd¸phcp¯Ww.
Cu ImgvN¸mSn tm¡nbm h³InS cmkhyhkmb§Ä tIcf¯np tNÀ¶XÃsb¶p ImWmw.
h³ tXmXn `qan BhiyapÅ _rlZv hyhkmb§fpw ap¡p ]änÃ. F¶m eLp F©nobdnMv
taJebv ¡ v anI¨ km²yIfp- v . HmSv , Iiph- n , IbÀ XpS§nb ]c¼cmKX hyhkmb§fpw ap¡v
tbmPn¨h Xs¶. ]t£ Ahsb ImempkrXw ]cnjvIcn¨v B[pnI kmt¦XnI hnZybpsS klmbt¯msS
Imcy£aam¡m³ ap¡p Ignªn«nÃ. C¶pw Gähpa[nIw t]À¡p sXmgn ÂIp¶ Cu taJe
khntij{i² AÀln¡p¶p.
CeIv t {SmWnIv hyhkmb cwK¯v Fgp]XpIfn tIcfw S¯nb IpXn¸v F´psIm- p
nenÀ¯m³ ap¡p Ignªnà F¶pw ]cntim[n¡Ww. B {]iv§Ä ]cnlcn¨v sFSnbpsS lmÀUv
shbÀ cwK¯pw ap³ssItSm³ ap¡p IgnbWw. ‘DZbkqcy’ taJebmb kutcmÀP cwK¯v tkmfmÀ
]mepIÄ am{Xaà Ap_Ô CeIvt{SmWnIv LSI§fpw h¼n¨ km²yXIfmWv Xpd¶p Xcp¶Xv.
CeIvt{SmWnIv DXv]¶§fpsS M &R (tISp]mSp XoÀ¡Âþ]pXp¡Â) BWv. hfscb[nIw sXmgnÂ
km²yXbpÅ asämcp taJe.
mfntIcw, N¡þam§þ ]g§Ä XpS§nbhbn n¶v aqeyhÀ²nX D]t`mK DXv ] ¶§Ä
D- m ¡mpÅ hyhkmb¯np A´ km[yXIfp- v . AXnp XpS¡w Ipdn¡m³ t]mepw ap¡p
Ignªn«nÃ. hntZi¯p tPmen sNbvXn«pÅ aebmfnIÄ¡v Cu cwK¯v kmt¦XnI hnZybpw aqe[hpw
sIm- p hcm³ Ignbpw.
½psS XXv DXv]¶§fmb dºÀ, kpKÔ {Zhy§Ä, sdbÀ FÀ¯v [mXp¡Ä F¶nhbpw ]camh[n
aqey hÀ² S¯n am{Xta Ibän Ab¡mhq F¶ mw imTyw ]nSn¡Ww. AXnmbn temIs¯hnsS
n¶pw kmt¦XnI hnZysIm-p hcm³ mw X¿mdmIWw.
ta kqNn¸n¨ ]etaJeIfnepw kzImcy aqe[s¯ AwKoIcnt¨ aXnbmhq. F¶m em`w
]camh[nbm¡pI F¶ GIe£yt¯msS {]hÀ¯n¡p¶ tImÀ]tdjpIÄ¡p ]Icw Hcp {]tZi¯nsâ
kpØnc hnIkt¯mSp {]Xn_²XbpÅ amtPvsaâ v LS¡vIp cq]w ÂImmIptam F¶p ]Tn¡Ww,
{]mtZinI nhmknIÄ¡pw {]mtZinI `cW IqS¯npw `qcn]£ Hmlcn ]¦mfn¯apÅ, F¶m I¼n
S¯n¸n s{]ms^jW amtPvsaânp taÂss¡bpÅ kwLSm cq]w ]co£n¡mtam? C¡mcy¯nÂ
{]hmkn ]¦mfn¯t¯msSbpÅ kwcw`§Ä km[ytam?
hyhkmbhpw ]cnØnXnbpw
GsXmcp hyhkmb¯npw ]mcnØnXnI BLmX§Ä D-mIpw. F¶m Ch Bhp¶{X ap³Iq«n
I- v , ]camh[n Ipdbv ¡ m³ IgnbWw. BLmX§sf eLqIcn¡p¶Xnpw PeþhmXI nÀKa§Ä
Xr]vXnIcamb nehmcw ]qeÀ¯p¶p F¶v Dd¸phcp¯p¶XnpapÅ sNehv hyhkmb¯nsâ `mKamIWw.
AXnpÅ sNehv DXv]¶¯nsâ hnebn IqSpw. AXp Xm§m³ kaqlw X¿mdmIWw. AXnpÅ
t_m[hXvIcWw S¡Ww.
Hmtcm hyhkmb¯n n¶papÅ ]mgvhkvXp¡sf aqeyapÅ DXv]¶§fm¡n amäp¶
lcnXkmt¦XnI hnZyIÄ (Zero Waste Technologies)e`yam¡Ww. Ah Ap_Ô hyhkmbambn
hfcWw.
nehnepÅ hyhkmb§Ä ]mcnØnXnI nba§Ä IÀiambn
]men¡p¶psh¶v Dd¸phcp¯Ww. BhÀ¯n¨pÅ ap¶dnbn¸pIÄ AhKWn¡p¶h
AS¨p ]q«Ww. ]Icw ]cnØnXn kulrZ hyhkmb§Ä¡mbn B ]Ým¯e
kuIcy§Ä ssIamdWw.
t]Pv 22þÂ XpScp¶p

22. 22
14. hnhckmt¦XnI hnZy
2011þ tIcf¯n n¶pw 3200 tImSn cq]bpsS IbäpaXnbpw 50000 t]À¡v sXmgnepw ÂIm³
Ignª taJebmWv hnhckmt¦XnI hnZym hyhkmbw. XmcXtay Ipdª `qan D]tbmKhpw Ipdª
aenoIcWhpw ImcWw CXv tIcf¯npIqeamb hyhkmbambn IW¡m¡s¸Sp¶p. B A`n{]mbw
A{]Imcw XpScWsa¦n Cu c-v kz`mhhpw nenÀ¯Ww.
sF.Sn kwcw`IÀ em`Icamb hyhkmbamWv sN¿p¶Xv. F¶Xnm AhÀ¡v BhiyapÅXntesd
`qan hm§mmIpw. Ct¸mÄ AhcXv Hcp nt£]w t]mse sN¿p¶p-v. AXnp ]pdtabmWv sFSn I¼nIÄ
Npcp§nbXv 25 G¡À `qan D]tbmKn¡Ww F¶v nÀ_Ôn¡p¶ {]tXyI km¼¯nI taJem nbahpambn
tI{μ kÀ¡mÀ hcp¶Xv . {IamXoXambn `qan hm§n¡q«mpw AXnsâ 50% `qan dnb FtÌäv
Bhiy§Ä¡p]tbmKn¡mpw sFSn I¼nsb¶ t]cn AXnsâ BpIqey§Ä tSmpw dnb FtÌäv
I¼nIsf klmbn¡p¶Xp IqSnbmWv {]kvXpX S.E.Z. nbaw. A[nI `qan Zmw ÂIn C¯cw
I¼nIsf kÀ¡mcpw klmbn¡p¶p. {]tXyI km¼¯nI taJeIfnse XdhnkvXrXn Ap]mXhpw
AXv {]ImcapÅ nÀ½mWhpw t¶ IqSpXemWv. t{]mkkn§v taJebnsebpw tm¬þt{]mkkn§v
taJebpw X½n nÀ½mW¯nv Hcp Ap]mXhpw nÝbn¨n«nÃ. F¶Xnm dnb FtÌäv I¼nIÄ
tm¬ t{]mkkn§v taJebn IqSpX nÀ½mWw S¯p¶p. Pemib§Ä nI¯mpw F{X
KpWapÅXmbmepw sI«nS§Ä s]mfn¡mpw S.E.Z.v nbaw AphZn¡p¶p. sFSn hyhkmb¯np
BhiyanÃm¯ Hcp `qanbnt·epapÅ AhImiw I¼nIÄ¡v ÂIcpXv.
AbYmÀ°amb Bhiy§fp¶bn¨v ]cnØnXnsb in¸n¡p¶ iànIÄs¡Xnsc sFSn taJebnÂ
n¶p Xs¶ iÐapbÀ¶nsæn Ime{Ia¯n AXpw tIcf¯nsâ a®n ]äm¯ hyhkmbambn amdpw.
sFSn¡v {]tXyI km¼¯nI taJe BhiytabnÃ. `qanbpsS XpSÀ¨ sFSn¡v BhiyanÃ.
`qanbpsS Imcy¯n Hcp Cfhpw AphZn¡m³ Ignbnsöv tIcf¯nsâ sFSn b¯nÂ
hyàam¡Ww. FÃm sFSn hyhkmb§Ä¡pw F{X `qan AphZn¨p, AXnse{X D]tbmKn¨p F¶Xv
kab_ÔnXambn ]cntim[n¡Ww. A[nI `qan nt£]amtbm emâ v _m¦mtbm kq£n¡m³ I¼nIsf
AphZn¡cpXv. XmcXtay KchÂIrX Pkaqlw hym]Iamb tIcf¯n kwØmamsI Hcp sFSn
tI{μambn I- v sFSn ]mÀ¡pIÄ kwØmsam«msI hn]peam¡m³ {i²n¡Ww. GIPmeI
kwhn[msa¶m ]ehn[ hIp¸pIsfbpw nba§sfbpw A«nadn¡p¶ H¶Ã, adn¨v FÃm kwib§fpw
ZqcoIcn¡p¶ Hcp Øeambn amdpIbmWv th- X v . sFSn taJebnse sI«nS nÀ½mWw ]cnØnXn
kulrZam¡pI hgn aäv hyhkmb§Ä¡pw s]mXp P§Ä¡pw amXrIbmhWw. `qan ]cntim[bpw h
]cn]mehpw t]mepÅ {]hÀ¯§Ä sNehp Ipdª coXnbn sFSn I¼nIÄ¡v sN¿msm¡pw.
hcmncn¡p¶ sFSn hnIkw mSn¶pXIpw hn[w D]tbmKn¡mpw sFSn hyhkmb§sf kÀ¡mÀ
D]tbmKn¡Ww.
t]Pv 21þ n¶pw XpSÀ¨
aqe[w sIm- p hcp¶p (FDI)F¶ Hä ImcW¯m sIm-mSs¸Sp¶ kvs]jy F¡tWmanIv taJeIÄ
(SEZ)tIcf¯n t{]mÕmln¸n¡s¸tS-XnÃ. tIcf¯n {]hÀ¯n¡p¶ GXp hyhkmb Øm]hpw
mw AptbmPysa¶p IcpXn cq]w sImSp¯n«pÅ ]cnØnXnþsXmgnÂþnIpXn nba§Ä
]ment¨ ]äq. hwþX®oÀ¯Sw apXemb ]cnØnXn teme taJeIfn hyhkmb
lcnXhnIkw kwcw`§Ä AphZn¡m³ ]mSnÃ. hyhkmb hnIkw km¼¯nI hnIkhpambpw
IcSp amÀ¤tcJ sXmgn e`yXbpambpw _Ôs¸«ncn¡p¶XpsIm-v Ahsb Ignbp¶{X
hntI{μoIrXam¡mpw kmaqlnI oXn t]mjn¸n¡p¶Xm¡mpw {i²n¡Ww.
(kw{Klw)

23. 23
15. {]IrXn ss]XrIhpw kwkvImchpw kwc£n¨p sIm-pÅ
Sqdnkw
ssZh¯nsâ kz´w mSmb tIcf¯nse Sqdnkw km²yXIÄ ChnSps¯ Aaqeyamb {]IrXn
k¼¯ns B{ibn¨mWv nen¡p¶Xv. ½psS kwØm¯nsâ kzm`mhnI kuμcyhpw kmwkvImcnI
kuμcyhpamWv ½Ä I¨hS¨c¡m¡nbncn¡p¶Xv . AXpsIm- p Xs¶ nen¡p¶ Hcp Sqdnk
hyhkmbw ChnsS D-mIWsa¦n Ch ]cnØnXn¡v CW§p¶Xmbncn¡Ww.
ImSv, Ip¶pIÄ, sÂhbepIÄ, X®oÀ XS§Ä, ssPh sshhn[yw, shůnsâ KpWw, Chsb XIÀ¡p¶
GsXmcp hnIk {]hÀ¯hpw Sqdnk¯nsâ mi¯ntebv¡mbncn¡pw hgn hbv¡pI. nÀ`mKyhimÂ
C¶pÅ {][ms¸« Sqdnkw ]²XnIsfÃmw Xs¶ ChnSps¯ nÀ½e {]IrXnbnse h³sI«nS§fpsS
nÀ½mW¯nemWv Ahkmn¡p¶Xv. Sqdnkw ]²XnIÄ¡v tIcfw {]m[myw sImSp¡p¶psh¦n Ah
]mcnØnXnIambpw kmwkv I mcnI]cambpw tIcf¯nv tbmPn¡p¶Xpw {]mtZinI PXbpsS
Bhiy§sfbpw AhImi§sfbpw AwKoIcn¡p¶Xpambncn¡Ww.
DSSn ]cnKWnt¡- nÀt±i§Ä
1. tIcf¯nse Sqdnkw ]²XnIÄ `q {]IrXnsb amän adnbv¡msX ]mcnØnXnIþkmwkvImcnI kpc£
Dd¸m¡ns¡m- v {]IrXn kulrZ]camb Bkq{XW¯nsâ ASnØm¯nembncn¡Ww hnIkn¸nt¡- X v .
2. GXp Sqdnkw ]²Xnbpw hcp¶Xnp ap¼v ]©mb¯v / apnkn¸menän/. tImÀ¸tdj³
A[nIrXcpambpw {]mtZinI ssPh sshhn[yamtPpsaâ v I½nänIfpambpw IqSnbmtemNn¡pIbpw AhcpsS
k½Xw tSpIbpw sNbvXXnptijta Bcw`n¡mhq. {]mtZinI P§fpsS ApaXnbpw CXnmbn
tSnbncn¡Ww.
3. Sqdnk¯nmbn XncsªSp¡p¶ Øe§Ä ]mcnØnXnIambn temeambXmtWm F¶v tm¡pIbpw,
{]mtZinI P§fpsS Bhiy§sfbpw AhImi§sfbpw ]cnKWn¡p¶ps-¶v Dd¸m¡pIbpw sN¿Ww.
4. nen¡p¶ Hcp Sqdnkw t{]mPÎv XpS§p¶Xnp ap¼v Hcp hnZKv² kanXn ]mcnØnXnIþkmaqly
BLmX ]Tw S¯nbncn¡Ww. {]mtZinI P§fpsS ]¦mfn¯t¯msSbmbncn¡Ww CXv St¯-Xv.
{]mtZinI ]cnØnXn¡pw ssPh sshhn²y¯npw AhnSps¯ P§fpsS
kmaqlyþkm¼¯nIþkmwkvImcnI AhØ¡pw ]mc¼cy D]tbmK¯npw Hs¡ D-m¡p¶ BLmXw.
Cu ]T¯neqsS ]pd¯p sIm-phcnIbpw NÀ¨ sN¿pIbpw thWw.
5. Sqdnkw t{]mPÎpIÄ hnIkn¸n¡p¶hÀ¡pw DSaØÀ¡pw ]©mb¯ntmSpw Sqdnkw hIp¸ntmSpw
D¯chmZn¯w D-mbncn¡Ww. kzm`mhnI hn`h§fpsS ta AhÀ¡p am{Xambn AhImiw AphZn¨p
IqSm.
6. htaJebnse Sqdnkw ]²XnIÄ Gähpw efnXambncn¡Ww. tIm¬{Ioäv sI«nS§Ä ChnsS
AphZn¨p IqSm.
7. {]mtZinI P§fpsS sXmgnensbpw D]Pohs¯bpw A]ISs¸Sp¯p¶ Hcp Sqdnk ]²Xnbpw
S¸m¡n IqSm.
8. XoctZi nbaw]men¡msX Hcp Sqdnkw ]²Xnbpw S¸m¡n IqSm. CXv ]men¡msX S¸nem¡nb
]²XnIÄ nba {]Imcw Hgn¸n¡Ww.
9. kwc£nX {]tZi§fpsS lrZb Øm¯v (tImÀ Fcnb) Ibdm³ SqdnÌpIsf AphZn¨p IqSm.
10. Imb Sqdnkw{]tZi§fnse apjy hnkÀÖw Imbense¯mXncn¡mpÅ S]SnIÄ
ASnb´ncambn FSp¡Ww. lukv t_m«pIfpsS F®w IÀiambn nb{´n¡Ww. ImbepIfpsS
hmlItijn ]Tn¡pIbpw AXnpkcn¨pÅ amä§Ä hcp¯pIbpw thWw.
11. Sqdnkw taJeIfn ameny nÀ½mÀÖ¯nmbn kotdm thÌv kao]w kzoIcn¡Ww. {]mtZinI
PXbpsS ]¦mfn¯w CXn D- m IWw.
12. FaÀPnwKv tIcfbn nÀt±in¨ncn¡p¶ Sqdnkw ]²XnIÄ ]mcnØnXnI nba§fpsS
ASnØm¯n ]Tnt¡-XmWv. CXn nÀt±in¨ncn¡p¶ FÃm ]²XnIfpsSbpw ]mcnØnXnIþkmaqly
BLmX ]Tw S¯nbncn¡Ww. tIcf¯nse Sqdnks¯ nenÀ¯pI h³ ]²Xn IfneqsSbsÃb¶v
½Ä Xncn¨dnbWw. ½psS kzm`mhnI {]IrXnbpw emfnXyhpw {]mtZinI hn`h§Ä sIm-pÅ Xmak
kuIcyhpw bm{XIfpw `£WhpamWv Ømbnbmbn Sqdnks¯ ChnsS nenÀ¯pI

24. 24
16. Irjn, ssPhsshhn[ykwc£Ww, `£y kpc£
`£Wsa¶Xv apjysâ ASnØm AhImiamWv. temIw C¶v A`napJoIcn¡p¶ Gähpw henb
shÃphnfn F§ns `£ykpc£ Dd¸m¡mw F¶Xns¡pdn¨mWv. BtcmKy]cambpw km¼¯nIambpw
kmkv¡mcnI]cambpw tbmPn¡p¶Xpw sshhn[yamÀ¶Xpamb `£Ww FÃm Imet¯bv¡pw FÃm
BfpIÄ¡pw ÂIm³ Ignbpt¼mÄ am{Xta bYmÀ°¯n `£ykpc£ BIp¶pÅp. CXnv D¸mZhpw
hnXcWhpw icnbmb {Ia¯n S¡Ww. ImemhØm hyXnbm¯nsâbpw Irjn`qanbpsS mi¯nsâbpw
It¿ä¯nsâbpw ]Ým¯e¯n Øncamb `£ykpc£ F§ns Dd¸m¡mw F¶Xv GsXmcp kÀ¡mcpw
Kuch]qÀhw ap³KW ÂIn Nn´nt¡- X mWv .
tIcf¯nsâ C¶s¯ AhØ IrjnbpsSbpw `£ykpc£bpsSbpw Imcy¯nÂ
]cnXm]Icambncn¡p¶p F¶v ]dbmsX h¿. mÄ¡pmÄ Ipdªp hcp¶ Irjn`qanbpw as®men¸pw
a®nsâ ^e]pjv S nbn h¶ Ipdhpw bphXeapd Irjnsb Dt]£n¡p¶Xpw `£yhnfIfn n¶v
mWyhnfIfnte¡pÅ amähpw FÃmw tIcf¯nsâ `£y kpc£bpsS (Afhnsâ Imcy¯nepw KpW¯nsâ
Imcy¯nepw) s«sÃmSn¨ncn¡pIbmWv. IrjnbpsS XIÀ¨ F¶p ]dbpt¼mÄ AXpambn _Ôs¸«
Ap_Ô hyhkmb§fpsS XIÀ¨ IqSnbmsWt¶mÀ¡Ww. Cd¡paXn sN¿p¶ `£WwsIm- p w
Akwkv¡rX hkvXp¡ÄsIm-pw Ømbnbmb `£y kpc£ Dd¸m¡mtm D]Pohw Dd¸m¡mtm sXmgnÂ
kwkv¡mcw nenÀ¯mtm IgnbpIbnÃ. Cu kmlNcy¯n shdpw 15 iXam¯n am{Xw Xmsgbmbn
n¡p¶ `t£ym¸mZw F§ns DbÀ¯msa¶pw F{Xhsc DbÀ¯msa¶pw kpc£nXamb `£Ww
F§ns ÂImsa¶Xpw Nn´nt¡- X p- v . C¯cw NÀ¨IÄ Ignª Ipd¨p hÀj§fmbn P§fpsS
CSbnepw ]©mb¯pXe Bkq{XW¯nepsaÃmw Ømw ]nSn¨n«p-v. F¶m Hcp IrXyamb amÀ¤tcJ
X¿mdm¡p¶Xnp apt¼ Irjn`qanbnte¡v hcp¶ hnmiIcIamb Nne ]²XnIÄ C¯cw Hcp hfÀ¨bv¡v
ISp¯ shÃphnfn DbÀ¯pIbmWv. ]mS§Ä nI¯epw, tXmSpIÄ tdmUpIfm¡epw cmkameny§Ä
Hgp¡epw aWÂ, ]md Jhpw Ip¶nSn¡epsaÃmw Hcp ImÀjnI þ `£y kwkv¡rXn
]pÀnÀ½n¡p¶XnpÅ {][m XSʧfmbn amdpIbmWv.
Ignª Ipd¨p hÀj§fmbn `£W¯nsâ hne DbÀ¶psImt- b ncn¡p¶p. `£W¯nsâ
k_vknUn AcnþtKmX¼v XpS§nb [my§Ä¡pam{Xaà ]¨¡dnIÄ¡pt]mepw ÂtI-nhcp¶p. CXv
]cnlcn¡Wsa¦n Ømbnbmb D¸mZþkwc£WþhnXcW hyhØ ChnsS D-mtb Xocq. CXnmbn
ImÀjnI taJebn b]cambpw km¼¯nI]cambpw Ht«sd CSs]SepIÄ BhiyamWv.
{][m nÀt±i§Ä Xmsg¸dbp¶p.
* C¶pÅ sÂhbepIÄ ]qÀWambpw kwc£n¡pI. tIcf sÂhb oÀ¯S kwc£W
nbaw iàambn S¸nem¡pI. sÂhbepIfpsS Umäm _m¦v DS³ {]kn²oIcn¡pI.
* Xcnin«ncn¡p¶ apgph³ s¸mS§fpw Irjn sN¿mpfv s #f kmlNcyw D- m ¡pI.
hyànIÄ¡pw kzbwklmb kwL§Ä¡pw ZoÀLImk ]m« hyhØbn Ch ÂIpI.
* IpSpw_{io t]mepÅ kv{Xo kwL§Ä¡v sÂIrjnbpw aäv `£y hnfIfpw sN¿mpÅ
Øncamb kwhn[m§Ä ÂIpI. Ct¸mÄ GItZiw Hcp e£w G¡dn ]m«¡rjn S¯p¶
D¯cw kv{Xo kwL§Ä¡v `qan Øncambn In«p¶p F¶v Dd¸m¡pI.
* Ic s¡rjn, ]äp¶ Øe§fnseÃmw hym]n¸n¡pI. CXv sÃp¸mZ¯nv th-n
a{XaÃ, ]ip hfÀ¯epw ]m D¸mZhpw hÀ[n¸n¡mpw CXv klmbIcamIpw. IcsÃv Irjn¡v
th- KthjW ]²XnIÄ¡v klmbw ÂIpI.
* te_À _m¦pw `£ykpc£ BÀanbpw ]©mb¯pXe¯n cq]oIcn¡pIbpw
Irjn¡pth-n sshZKv[yapÅ sXmgnemfnIsf Dd¸m¡pIbpw sN¿pI.
* IrjnbnS§tfmSv tNÀ¶pÅ Pemib§sfbpw tXmSpIsfbpw kwc£n¡pIbpw PetkN
kuIcyw GÀs¸Sp¯n IrjnbnS§sf hcĨsb AXnPohn¡m³ tbmKyam¡pIbpw sN¿pI.
* mS³ hn¯pIfpsS kwc£W¯npw KthjW¯npw {]NmcW¯npw Htc {]m[myw
ÂIpI. IÀjIkwL§fpsS tXrXz¯n à hn¯pIÄ D¸mZn¸n¡pIbpw IÀjIÀ¡v
ymamb hneb¡v F¯n¡pIbpw sN¿pI.
* GI hnfb¡v ]Icw kwtbmPnX Irjnsb t{]mÕmln¸n¡pI. aÕyw, Xmdmhv,
lcnXhnIkw I¶pImen hfÀ¯Â, ]¨¡dnIÄ, ]bdphÀK hnfIÄ XSp§nbhsb Iq«nt¨À¡pI.
* sÃv kw`cWw FÃm PnÃIfnte¡pw hym]n¸n¡pI. kw`cn¨ DS³ Xs¶ ]Ww
IcSp amÀ¤tcJ
ÂImpÅ kwhn[mw Hcp¡pI. AXmXp {]tZi§fn sÃv kq£n¡mpÅ
(kw{Klw)

25. 25
kwhn[m§Ä hnIkn¸n¡pIbpw aqeyhÀ²nX D¸¶§Ä D- m ¡n hn]Wnbnse¯n¡m³
IÀjI kwL§sfbpw kzbwklmb kwL§sfbpw {]m]vXcm¡pI.
* sÃnsâ D¸mZ t_mWkv Hcp S¬ sÃnv Npcp§nbXv 2000 cq]bm¡pI.
* s IÀjIÀ¡v sÂhbepIÄ kwc£n¡p¶Xnmbn Hcp kwc£W ^-v ÂIpI.
* tIcf¯nsâ ]mc¼cyamb ]pcbnS Irjn¡v dºdnpw aäp mWyhnfIÄ¡pw ÂIp¶
A{Xbpw km¼¯nI klmbw ÂIpI. Ce¡dnIfpw Ing§pIfpw aäpw Irjn sN¿mpw AXneqsS
tIcf¯nsâ `£yc£ Dd¸m¡mpw CXv klmbn¡pw.
* dºdnsâ Anb{´nX hym]w XSbpI. dºÀ IÀjIÀ¡v e`n¡p¶ km¼¯nI t«w
kwtbmPnX Irjn sN¿p¶hÀ¡pw Dd¸m¡pI. CXnsâ t«tIm«§Ä ]Tn¡pIbpw amä§Ä
nÀt±in¡pIbpw sN¿pI.
* ssPhIrjn bw ]qÀWamb AÀ°¯n L«w L«ambn S¸m¡pI. BZys¯ aq¶v
hÀj¯npÅn tIcf¯nse Irjn ]qÀWambpw IoSminn clnXam¡pI.
* tXm«§fnepw hbepIfnepw IfminnIfpsS D]tbmKw ]qÀWambpw ntcm[n¡pIbpw
sa¡mn¡Â Bb Ifnb{´W¯nv klmbw ÂIpIbpw sN¿pI.
* almßmKmÔn sXmgnepd¸p ]²Xn ImÀjnItaJesb kpØncam¡p¶Xnv
D]tbmKs¸Sp¯pI.
* ssPh D¸¶§Ä¡v {]mtZinI hn]Wn hnIkn¸ns¨Sp¡pI. tIcf¯nâ `£W.ssaepIÄ
(Food miles) Ipdbv¡mpÅ ]cn]mSnIÄ¡#v {]m[myw ÂIpI. sNdp¸¡msc Cu taJebnte¡v
BIÀjn¡mpÅ ]²XnIÄ Bhnjv¡cn¡pI.
* GIhnft¯m«§sf _lphnf Irjn k{¼Zmb¯nte¡pw ssPhcoXnbntebv ¡ pw
sIm- p hcmpÅ S]SnIÄ DS³ Bcw`n¡pI. kÀ¡mÀ tXm«§Ä CXnv amXrIbm¡pI.
tXm«§fpsS Hcp nÝnX iXamw `qan `£yhnfIÄ Irjn sN¿mmbn amän hbv¡pI.
* ½psS ]c¼cmKX mWyhnfIÄ ssPhIrjnbnte¡v amäpIbpw Ahbv ¡ v amÀ¡äv
Is- ¯ m³ klmbn¡pIbpw sN¿pI. N¡, am§, kpKÔhyRv P §Ä, XpS§nbhbpsS
aqeyhÀ²nX D¸¶§Ä D-m¡mpÅ sNdnb bqWnäpIÄ¡v km¼¯nI klmbw ÂIpI.
* kpØnc ImÀjnI hnIk¯neqsS F{Xam{Xw sXmgnepw D]Pohhpw IqSpXembn
D-m¡msa¶Xv IW¡m¡pI. kpØnc Irjnbpw Øncamb, amyamb hcpamhpw IÀjIÀ¡v
Dd¸m¡pI.

26. 26
17. aÕytaJe
tIcf¯nsâ k¼Zv hyhØbn {][mamb Hcp ]¦phln¡p¶XmWv aÕy hyhkmbw. ½psS
*
44 ZnIfpw 53 dnkÀthmbdpIfpw 53 ImbepIfpw tXmSpIfpw Ip«m«nse ne§fpw Xriqcpw
ae¸pd¯pÅXpamb tImÄ ne§fpw FdWmIpfw XriqÀ {]tZi§fnse s]m¡mfn taJebpsaÃmw
hnhn[bnw aÕy§fm k¼¶ambncp¶p. F¶m C¶v Bhmk hyhØbpsS jvSw, aenoIcWw,
AanX NqjWw, ssIt¿ä§Ä , Aimkv{Xobamb aÕy_Ô coXnIÄ, apXemb ]e ImcW§fmepw
B taJe £bn¨psIm- n cn¡pIbmWv . kap{Z k¼¯mIs« AXnâ v NqjW]cn[nbn F¯n
nev¡p¶Xnm Hcp ]pÀ hnNn´w Bhiyambncn¡p¶p.
]cnlmc amÀ¤§Ä
1. Pemib§fpsSbpw tXmSpIfpsSbpw Ipf§fpsSbpw BtcmKyw hos- S p¡mpÅ amÀ¤§Ä
Is- ¯ pI. Imb Xoc§fn I-  Smhp¶XmWv .
2. PePohnIfpsSbpw kky§fpsSbpw nenev]np th-n X®oÀ¯S§Ä kwc£nXtaJeIfmbn
{]Jym]n¡pI..
3. _m¡nbpÅ s]m¡mfn ne§sfsbÃmw ImÀjnImhiy§Ä¡mbn kwc£¡pI. Chsb aÕyw
hfÀ¯enpw D]tbmKn¡mhp¶XmWv . sÃpw aÕyhpw Dev ] mZn¸n¡p¶ tI{§fmbn Chsb
hnIkn¸ns¨Sp¡mhp¶XmWv.
4. C´ybpsS E.E. Z taJebn hntZi t{SmfdpIÄ AphZn¡mXncn¡cpXv . kztZinIfpambn
tNÀ¶msW¦nepw AXnv ApaXn ÂIm³ ]mSnÃ.
5. ao³]nSp¯ {]tZi§fn {]tXyI kzImcy taJeIÄ {]Jym]n¨v sslþsS¡v ]²XnIÄ
Bcw`n¡p¶Xn#v AphZn¨pIqSm.
6. 1991 s^{_phcnbnse C.R.Z tm«n^nt¡jpw 2011 se tImÌÂ amtPvsaâ v tkm¬
tm«n^nt¡jpapkcn¨v Xoc{]tZi§Ä AhnIknXtaJeIfmbn tcJs¸Sp¯Ww. aÕy _Ô
{]hÀ¯§Ä¡ÃmsX asämcp ]cn]mSnbpw AhnsS AphZn¡m³ ]mSnÃ. P]¦mfn¯t¯msS kaql
aÕyIrjn S¯mhp¶XmWv.
lcnXhnIkw
IcSp amÀ¤tcJ
(kw{Klw)

27. 27

28. 28
lcnXhnIkw
IcSp amÀ¤tcJ
(kw{Klw)