Information and communication technology accounts for about 2% of global carbon dioxide emissions. Computers contain about 1.8 tonnes of materials that are difficult to recycle. Energy usage by computers can be reduced by turning off idle devices, using lower power hardware like Intel Atom processors, server virtualization in data centers, hardware as a service models, energy efficient coding that can reduce usage by 30%, switching from LCD to LED or OLED displays, and enabling remote work and communication. Advanced Power Interface standards and software allow systems to automatically shut down components or go into low power hibernation modes to conserve energy. Old computer equipment should be reused, refurbished, or properly recycled to reduce environmental impacts.

2. • Information and communication technology accounts about 2% of
Co2 emissions
• One pc is made of about 1.8 tonnes of chemical fossil fuels and water
• And this materials are difficult to recycle

3. Energy can be saved by
• Turning off idle PCs
• Lower power hardware
• Lower power hardware is also available
• E.g. Intel Atom processor consumes around 30 watts compared to other PCs
which use 100 to 200 watts
• CompuLab fit-pc uses 5 watt
• Using a laptop also result in significant energy saving

4. • Server virtualization
• In data centres physical servers can be replaced by virtual servers by using
few large machines
• E.g. IBM leading its way with virtualization with its project Big Green including
• 2900 Servers
• 30 Main frames
• 80% energy-saving

5. • Hardware as a service
• Smaller companies can achieve virtualization by purchasing hardware as a
service
• E.g. Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud
• Which results in optimum use of shared computing resources
• Energy efficient codding
• Electricity usage can be reduce by writing energy efficient codes
• This saves power by writing software design to run as quickly and efficiently
as possible
• Energy efficient coding can reduce energy use by 30%

6. • Displays
• LCD monitors uses cold cathode florescent bulb provide light can be replaced
by LED displays which reduces amount of energy sued by display
• Now a days LED displays are being replaced by OLED (Organic Light Emitting
Diode)

7. Computers can
• Increase business efficiency
• Enable dematerialization
• This is where physical products are replaced with digital downloads and web
based information services
• Reduce the need for people to travel
• It can enable people to work from home and save energy by video
conferencing and other online communication

8. Green Machine
• The Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI),
• an open industrial standard that allows direct control, management
savings energy by the
• operating system - automatic switch off your monitor, go to stand-by
mode, etc. In addition,
• the system can go into hibernation, at the time the CPU and RAM are
disabled. Some
• software solutions allow the definition of voltage e.g. on CPU, which
allows for the reduction of
• heat production and energy consumption.

9. • 1.3. Green Disposal
• The approach of green technology disposal include refurbishing and reusing old existing computing
• equipment and proper recycling of obsolete, unwanted or broken computers and its subsystems. Due
• to strength of negative effects on environment arising from improper approach to disposal, this aspect
• of green computing is among one of the most important:
• • Reuse: Even old computer should continue to be used as long as it meets the requirements of
• user. Computer systems which basic functions are obsolete and fail to meet the holder’s need
• can be given to someone who want to use it or need it for its functional components. Many
• charities and non-profit organizations are willing to receive old equipment through donation to
• re-purpose or utilize its particular function. Prolonged use of a computer system significantly
• contributes to the reduction of negative environmental effects.
• • Refurbish: By reconditioning and replacing IT hardware parts user can prolong its utilization.
• Old equipment can be restored in order to maintain its functions, it also can be up graded for
• obtaining new serviceableness. Reasons of such actions can be motivated by lower cost of
• refurbished equipment – nowadays more enterprisers are willing to buy restored hardware,
• and such market is growing (Saha, 2014, p. 48). At this point it is important to understand the
• difference between “refurbished” and “used” product. Refurbishing gives the guarantee that
• the product was tested and verified to function properly while “used” products may or not may
• be defective (Raj Gowtham, Ghayathree, Venkata, 2011, p. 3). Hardware vendors often resell
• equipment that was returned under warranty after repairing the defects and checking proper
• function. Refurbished hardware provide a cost-effective alternative. Another incentive may be
• maintaining corporate standards by ensuring that all employees use the same equipment.
• Such action significantly reduce e-waste.
• • Recycle: Recycling is one of the most complex methods of environmental protection. Its aim is
• to reduce the consumption of natural resources and reduce waste. The principle of recycling is