this powerpoint presentation is a brief intoduction to greek mythology. i hope that everyone who sees this slideshow will get benefit. (constructive criticism is welcome)
this powerpoint presentation is a brief intoduction to greek mythology. i hope that everyone who sees this slideshow will get benefit. (constructive criticism is welcome)
Greek mythology is the body of myths and teachings that belong to the ancient Greeks, concerning their gods and heroes, the nature of the world, and the origins and significance of their own cult and ritual practices. It was a part of the religion in ancient Greece.
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2. What does my life have in common
with an ancient Greek’s?
Mandatory public education
Democratic government
Religious customs and celebrations
Art and entertainment
3. Many Faiths or None
Just Like Today
Public – how the majority of people
worshiped. The gods would be
honored, prayed to, and thanked
with sacrifices throughout the year. Mystery Cults – focused on a
particular god and offered secret
teachings that were supposed to
provide followers with spiritual
happiness and life after death.
Ex: Dionysian, Eleusian
Mysteries
Hero Cults – more than men, less
than gods: deceased heroes were
honored at their graves to assure
their spirits would continue to
watch over their fellow citizens.
Ex: Herakles,
Erechtheus
4. Many Faiths or None
Just Like Today
Schools of Philosophy – depending on
the school, beliefs included:
Atheism, free will, and no afterlife;
pleasure is the highest good (Epicureans)
Acceptance of fate in order to live in
harmony with Nature/the Universe (Stoics)
Reincarnation and vegetarianism
(Pythagoreans)
Rejection of all worldly goods and
impulses to live in “natural” state (Cynics)
Courtesy of KoS, Plato's Academy
8. How Attributes Work
Apollo
Lyre
Deer
Artemis
Leto
Light of the Sun
God of: Music, Poetry,
Healing, & Prophecy
Attributes:
Apollo
Lyre
Bow and arrows
Apollo was a god of
healing, but he could
also rain down plague
with his poison arrows.
He and his twin sister
Artemis are the only
attributes for their
mother, Leto.
Artemis
Goddess of: Hunting,
Wilderness, & Childbirth
Attributes:
Mistress of Animals
Bow and arrows
Deer
Hunting dogs
Woe be it to anyone who
killed one of Artemis’s
deer, her sacred animal.
She is often portrayed with
one or her twin brother
Apollo.
9. Athena
Goddess of: Wisdom, Warfare, Crafts,
& Civilization
Attributes:
Protector of Heroes
Armor, helmet, and spear
Gorgoneion
Snakes
Owls
Athena is often portrayed wearing the
Gorgoneion – the head of Medusa –
since she aided Perseus, slayer of
Medusa, on his quest.
10. Herakles
The Greatest Greek Hero
God of: Heroes and Athletes
Attributes:
Lion skin
Club
A favorite subject in Greek art,
Herakles was usually portrayed
in one of his famous 12 labors.
The first labor was slaying the
Nemean Lion. He wore it’s skin
ever after as armor.
11. Dionysus
The Original Party Animal
God of: Wine and Theater
Attributes:
Grapevines
Goats
Satyrs
Maenads
Dionysus was an important
god to the Greeks because
attending theatrical plays was
a religious duty. He was often
portrayed with maenads, his
female worshipers, or the wild
goat-men Satyrs.
Baa-aa-aah!!
12. Hermes
Messenger of the Gods
God of: Commerce
Winged hat
Winged sandals
Herald’s staff
Hermes’ winged sandals
ensured that he traveled
swiftly on his missions for
the gods and while guiding
souls to the underworld. He
was also quick of mind: he
was the god of writers,
orators, and thieves!
& Travelers
Attributes:
What are some things that you might have in common with an ancient Greek? Our cultural heritage relies heavily on the ancient Greek and Roman civilizations that came before us.
Religion was a very important part of ancient Greek civilization. Today, we retell their myths as entertaining stories, but to the Greeks the gods were very real and very involved in the day-to-day happenings of their lives. There was a wide range of beliefs about the gods and religious rituals.
The ancient Greeks were also, like our culture today, very concerned about how to live a happy, moral life. Different schools of philosophy offered their own theories as to how and why the universe existed and worked, what the meaning of life was, and how to live a good life (and what a “good” life meant). Ancient Greek philosophy influenced western philosophy for hundreds of years and is still relevant to many philosophers today.
Image: Mosaic depicting Plato’s academy, 1st century BCE, Villa of T. Siminius Stephanus, Pompeii, now located in Museo Nazionale Archologico, Naples
The ancient Greek civilization existed for thousands of years. Over time, their religion changed. Mythical stories were revised; new gods were introduced while some old gods fell by the wayside. Gods were sometimes merged or one god might be split into multiple deities. Depending on the area of Greece, some gods were more important than others, while others might be worshipped more during certain times of the year. Worship also sometimes depended on the individual’s needs and personal preferences. Individuals could have particular gods or goddesses that they felt especially devoted to. Sailors might prefer to worship Poseidon, god of the sea for example. Athena is a good example of all of these complexities of ancient Greek religion.
Image: Panathenaic prize amphora, National Archeological Museum, Athens
(Hand out Iliad excerpt for class to read.) Homer, who lived in the 8th or 7th century BCE, was considered the most important poet by the ancient Greeks and had a huge influence on their culture. (Discuss Homer, The Iliad plotline, characters, etc.) By reading from his epic poems, we can gain a better understanding of what the ancient Greeks believed about their deities and how they worshipped them. After reading the excerpt, what are some examples of the kinds of rituals the Greeks would perform? How did they conceptualize their deities? Were they remote and unapproachable? Or could they interact with the gods and goddesses in the same way they would with fellow humans?
Images (from left to right):
1) hydria with scene of Metaneira making an offering of wheat to Demeter, 4th century BCE, Apulia, Italy, now located in Altes Museum, Berlin
2) ???
3) amphora with scene of cult of Oedipus, 4th century BCE, Apulia, Italy, now located in Louvre, Paris
Because the gods were believed to be always near and involved in their lives by the Greeks, they became ever-present in artistic depictions.
Images:
1) Bust of Homer, 2nd century BCE, Roman copy of lost Hellenistic original, Baiae,Italy, now located in British Museum, London
2) Theater at Delphi, Greece, 4th century BCE
3) Pitsa panel (Tablet painting of religious sacrifice), 6th century BCE, Pitsa, Greece, now located in National Archeological Museum, Athens
4) “Mattei Athena”, 1st century BCE, Roman copy of 4th century BCE Greek original, Louvre Museum, Paris
5) Amphora with scene of Apollo and bull, Dionysus, Ariadne, Hermes and Iris, 6th century BCE, Hearst Castle
But how did the ancient Greeks know who was who? It might help if we thought of a modern example. How would you identify Batman or Iron Man? Batman’s logo, costume, batmobile, batarangs, and sidekick Robin are all attributes. These are ways to tell that it’s the Caped Crusader and not some other masked vigilante. An attribute is “an object closely associated with or belonging to a specific person, thing, or office, especially : such an object used for identification in painting or sculpture” (Merriam-Webster Online). The Greek gods and goddesses had attributes based on their myths and were often depicted with them in art. (Students should begin filling out graphic organizer.) We are going to look at several of the ancient Greek vases in the Hearst Castle collection and learn what the attributes are for the different gods depicted on them.
Image: neck amphora, Apollo with lyre, Artemis with fawn and Leto, 6th century BCE
Image: pseudopanathenaic amphora, Athena Parthenos, 6-5th century BCE
Image: mastoid cup, Herakles wrestling Nemean Lion, 5th century BCE
Image: neck amphora, procession of deities: Apollo, Dionysus, and Ariadne, 6th century BCE
Image: kalpis hydria, Hermes and Eros consoling Aphrodite over Adonis, 5th century BCE
Now that you understand how attributes work, let’s see if you can figure out what a Greek god’s attributes might be! There are several images of Poseidon, god of the sea, earthquakes, and storms, and creator of the horse, in the Hearst Castle art collection. We’ll take a look at them and you tell me what you think his main attributes might be (trident, horse). Looking at the last image of a statue of Poseidon, what is he missing? (trident) A trident, made of wood and metal, was originally in his hand but went missing sometime in the past. The statue is over 400 years old after all!
Images (from left to right):
1) Neptune and Amphitrite, 17th century CE, Simon Vouet, Hearst Castle
2) Tapestry, Neptune Creating the Horse, 17th century CE, Hearst Castle
3) Statue of Neptune on his chariot, 20th century CE, Charles Cassou, intended for installation at Neptune Pool, Hearst Castle, but destroyed in warehouse fire
4) Statue of Neptune, 17th century CE, Hearst Castle
Now that we’ve learned a little bit about the Greek gods and their attributes, we’ll have a quick quiz. You can use the notes on your graphic organizer to help. We’ll look at some more pieces of art in the Hearst Castle collection and you’ll identify the god or goddess and their attribute/s that helped you identify them.
1)Hermes (“Hermes Resting”, 20th century copy)
2) Herakles (with Hebe, Strength tondo, 19th century, Bertel Thorvaldsen)
3) Dionysus (Greco-Roman era bust, exact age unknown)
4) Artemis (“Diana the Huntress”, 20th century copy)
5) Apollo (Detail of tapestry, Apollo with lyre, Echo and Narcissus, 17th century)
6) Athena (Detail of sculpture, Minerva in Chariot, 19th century, Emmanuel Fremiet)
7) Dionysus (kylix eye cup, Dionysus mask with grape clusters, 6th century BCE)
8) Apollo (“Young Apollo”, 20th century copy)
9) Herakles (with Zeus, detail of jewel cabinet, 16th century, Jean de Court)
10) Athena (with Prometheus, Wisdom tondo, 19th century, Bertel Thorvaldsen)
So is the mythology of the ancient Greeks still important to us today? Can anyone think of an example of Greek mythology being used in our culture today? What about other aspects of Greek culture?
