This document discusses the constructivism theory of learning. It defines constructivism as a theory that emphasizes active learning where students construct their own understanding through experiences and interactions. There are two main types: cognitive constructivism based on Piaget which states knowledge is built from cognitive structures; and social constructivism based on Vygotsky which emphasizes collaborative learning through social and cultural interactions. The document provides examples of constructivist approaches like problem-based learning, inquiry-based learning and collaborative learning. It outlines benefits like critical thinking, collaboration skills, and personalized learning. Overall, constructivism recognizes that students actively participate in building understanding through hands-on activities and social interactions.

1. CONSTACTIVISM
THEORY
Nur Islamiyah (A12223005)
Gina Adriani P Lanang (A12223011)

2. DEFINITION OF CONSTRUCTIVISM
THEORY IN LEARNING
Constructivism is a learning theory that
emphasizes the active role of learners in
building their own understanding. It suggests
that learners construct knowledge rather than
passively receiving information. According to
constructivism, learning is an active process
where learners reflect on their experiences,
create mental representations, and incorporate
new knowledge into their existing schemas.

3. VARIESTES OF CONSRUCTIVISM
Cognitive constructivism is based on
the work of Jean Piaget. It states that
knowledge is actively constructed by
learners based on their existing
cognitive structures. Learning is relative
to the learner's stage of cognitive
development.
COGNITIVE CONSTRUCTIVISM
• Sensorimotor Stage (Birth to 2
years old)
• Preoperational Stage (2 to 7 years
old)
• Concrete Operational Stage (7 to
11 years old)
• Formal Operational Stage (11 years
old and beyond)
PIAGET’S FOUR STAGES OF COGNITIVE
Development

4. VARIESTES OF CONSRUCTIVISM
SOCIAL CONSTRACTIVISM
Social constructivism is based on the
work of Lev Vygotsky. It emphasizes
that learning is a collaborative process
and knowledge develops from
individuals' interactions with their
culture and society.

5. In PBL, students are presented with real-world problems or scenarios that require them to apply
their knowledge and skills to find solutions.
EXAMPLES OF CONSTRUCTIVISM
APPROCHES
PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING (PBL)
INQUIRY-BASED LEARNING
COLLABORATIVE LEARNING
In this approach, students are encouraged to ask questions, investigate topics of interest, and seek
answers through research and exploration.
Constructivism emphasizes the importance of social interaction and collaboration in
the learning process.

6. Constructivism theory suggests that assessments should reflect real-world tasks and challenges.
EXAMPLES OF CONSTRUCTIVISM
APPROCHES
AUTHENTIC ASSESSMENTS
SCAFFOLDING:
Scaffolding is a teaching technique that provides support and guidance to students as they learn
new concepts or skills.

7. 1.Active Engagement
2.Meaningful Learning
3.Critical Thinking Skills
4.Collaboration and Communication Skills
5.Personalized Learning:
6.Lifelong Learning Skills
BENEFITS OF CONTRUCTIVISM
THEORY

8. CONCLUSION
In conclusion, Constructivism is an educational theory that emphasizes the active role
of students in constructing knowledge. This theory emphasizes the importance of
authentic experiences, social interactions, and the integration of previous knowledge
in the learning process. By engaging in hands-on activities, collaborative projects, and
reflective practice, learners actively participate in building their understanding of the
world. Constructivism also recognizes the social nature of learning and promotes
dialogue, debate, and collaboration as a means of forming understanding and
developing higher-order thinking skills. Additionally, constructivism encourages
students to take an active role in their learning, fostering critical thinking, problem-
solving skills, and metacognitive awareness. Overall, by incorporating constructivist
principles into teaching practices, educators can create engaging learning
environments that facilitate deep understanding and lifelong learning.

9. REFERENCES
REFERENCES 1
REFERENCES 2
Constructivism (2023a) Office of Curriculum, Assessment and
Teaching Transformation - University at Buffalo. Available at:
https://www.buffalo.edu/catt/develop/theory/constructivism.html
(Accessed: 18 October 2023).
lmulla, M. A. (2023). Constructivism learning theory: A paradigm for students’
critical thinking, creativity, and problem solving to affect academic performance
in higher education. Cogent Education, 10(1).
https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2023.2172929

10. REFERENCES
REFERENCES 3
Importance and benefits of constructivism learning theory in the classroom? (no
date a) School Education. Available at:
https://www.rajeevelt.com/constructivism-learning-theory-importance-and-
benefits-classroom/rajeev-ranjan/ (Accessed: 18 October 2023).