The presentation discusses the grassland ecosystem, its significance, types, threats, and conservation methods. It emphasizes the evolutionary connection between humans and grasslands, highlighting their essential role in supporting biodiversity and human livelihoods. The document also includes a case study on the Banni grasslands and the challenges posed by invasive species.

1. FOR OFFICE WORK
PRESENTATION MAKING FOR EVS
GROUP - E
Grassland Ecosystem
11111 - AAA BBB
22222 - CCC DDD
33333 - EEE FFF
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet
Consectetur adipiscing elit

2. WE’LL
BEGIN
SHORTLY
[ A ]

3. #ad3p
EVOLUTION OF
CHIMPANZEES ?
WITH GRASSLANDS ? WITHOUT GRASSLANDS ?
By the end of this presentation, we hope that you’ll have a newfound love for the grasslands!
[ B ] [ B2 ]

4. GRASSLAND
ECOSYSTEM

5. ➔ INTRODUCTION
➔ WHAT, WHERE, WHO,
HOW & WHY of GRASSLAND
ECOSYSTEM
➔ CASE STUDY
➔ Q/A Session
➔ Bibliography, References, Additional Viewing &
more…

6. WHO
ARE
WE?
KESHAV
MAHAVIDYALAYA

7. ➔ INTRODUCTION
◆ Ecosystem
◆ Different types of Ecological
Ecosystem
◆ What’s so special about the
Grassland Ecosystem

8. #ad3p
What is an ECOSYSTEM?
“ ... living community of plants and animal in an area together with the
non living components like soil, air, water… ” [ 1.1 ]
“ … is the basic structural and functional unit of the environment … ” [ 1.2
]
“ An ecological system … ” [ 1.3 ]
“ … a community and its physical environment
treated together as a functional system … ” [ 1.3 ]
“ … community of living and nonliving things that work together … ” [ 1.3 ]

9. #ad3p
ECOLOGICAL
ECOSYSTEM
TECH
ECOSYSTEM
Ecosystems are EVERYWHERE
The Apple Ecosystem
[ D, 2.1 ]
[ C ]

10. #ad3p
ECOSYSTEM
Terrestrial
Ecosystem
Aquatic
Ecosystem
Forest
Grassland
Dessert
We’ll be covering this
# Group F
# Group I # Group A
# Group E

11. #ad3p
“ … area where the
vegetation is
dominated by
grasses
and other
herbaceous
(non-woody)
plants…”
GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEM

12. #ad3p
GRASSLAND
ECOSYSTEM
< <
ADD WATER
It is a TRANSITIONAL LANDSCAPE
DESERT FOREST
Ques : But what is so special about the Grassland Ecosystem and why they matter?
[ E ] [ F ]

13. #ad3p
EVOLUTION OF
CHIMPANZEES
WITH GRASSLANDS WITHOUT GRASSLANDS
[ B ] [ B2 ]

14. #ad3p
GRASSLANDS
WERE THE
BIRTHPLACE
of MODERN
HUMAN !!!
[ O.1 ]

15. #ad3p
“ … The authors say the record lends weight to the idea
that we developed key traits —
flexible diets, large brains, complex social structures
and the ability to
walk and run on two legs —
while adapting to the spread of open grasslands … ”
[ 0.1 ]

16. #ad3p
“ … Based on genetic evidence, the earliest
hominins, or human ancestors, are
thought to have split off from chimpanzees
some 6 million to 7 million years ago. Many
scientists have argued that they were
set on the path to become modern
humans as east Africa's vegetation
gradually shifted from dense forest
to savanna—open grasslands
punctuated by woodland patches and
rivers. This would have forced our
ancestors to descend from the
trees, move rapidly over open
ground, and develop social skills
needed for survival … ” [ 0.1 ]
[ B2 ]

17. #ad3p
“… The entire evolution of our
lineage has involved us living and
working in or near grasslands,” said
lead author Kevin Uno, a postdoctoral
research scientist at Columbia University's
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory. “This
now gives us a timeline for the
development of those grasses, and
tells us they [grasslands] were part
of our evolution from the very
beginning …” [ 0.1 ]
[ B2 ]

18. ➔ WHAT, WHERE, WHO,
HOW & WHY
◆ What are Grasslands ?
◆ Where are they Found ?
◆ Who benefits from it ?
◆ Why are they disappearing ?
◆ How can we preserve it ?

19. # WHAT?
“ … area where the
vegetation is
dominated by grasses
and other
herbaceous
(non-woody) plants…”
It is also called
transitional landscape !
GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEM

20. # WHAT?
COMPONENT OF GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEM
BIOTIC
COMPONENT
PRODUCER CONSUMER DECOMPOSERS
ARISTIDA
CYNODON
PRIMARY
SECONDARY
TERTIARY
MUCOR
RHIZOPUS
ABIOTIC
COMPONENT
It includes
non living
components like
carbon, hydrogen
sulphur nitrogen
etc

21. # WHAT?
TYPES OF GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEM
❏ TROPICAL GRASSLANDS
❏ TEMPERATE GRASSLANDS
❏ FLOODED GRASSLANDS
❏ MONTANE GRASSLANDS
❏ DESERT GRASSLANDS

22. # WHAT?
STAR GRASS
FLORA
FAUNA
TROPICAL GRASSLAND
LEMON GRASS
HYENA ZEBRA
# Between 23.5° N - 23.5° S

23. # WHAT?
SAGEBRUSH
FLORA
FAUNA
TEMPERATE GRASSLAND
BUFFALO GRASS
PRAIRIE DOG COYOTE
# Between 23.5° N - 66.5° N &
23.5° S - 66.5° S

24. # WHAT?
FLOODED GRASSLAND
FAUNA
BLACK
TAILED
GODWIT
LIMOSA
# SEASONALLY OR
PERMANENTLY FLOODED
# MIGRATION OF WATER BIRDS

25. # WHAT?
FLORA
MONTANE GRASSLAND
ROSETTE
STRUCTURE FAUNA
…
… WITH
WAXY
SURFACES
# PRESENT IN HIGH ALTITUDE

26. # WHAT?
DESERT GRASSLAND
FAUNA
BLACK
TAILED
PRAIRIE DOG
BLUE
TAILED
HERON
# RANGING FROM CENTRAL
ARIZONA TO WEST TEXAS

27. # WHERE?
GRASSLANDS OF THE WORLD
PRAIRIES
EQUATOR
TROPIC OF
CANCER
TROPIC OF
CAPRICORN
SAVANNA
LLANOS
PAMPAS
VELDT
STEPPES
CAMPOS
SAVANNA
[ G ]

28. # WHERE?
GRASSLANDS OF THE WORLD
STEPPES
PRAIRIES
PAMPAS
LLANOS
SAVANNA
[ G ]

29. # WHERE?
GRASSLANDS
OF
INDIA
SUB-HIMALAYAN GRASSLANDS
MONTANE GRASSLANDS
TROPICAL GRASSLANDS
MONTANE GRASSLANDS of
CENTRAL INDIA
RIVERINE
SAVANNAS
COASTAL GRASSLANDS
WET GRASSLANDS
[ 1.4 ]
[ H ]

30. ￡CONOMIC INCENTIVES OF GRASSLANDS
1. The majority of grasslands are located in tropical developing countries
where they are particularly important to the livelihoods of some
one billion poor peoples.
2. These Grasslands are the foundation of Ecology as well as the
economy.
3. Grasslands are the major producers of the energy required on the
earth.
4. Grasses are good agents that hold on to the soil tightly with their
intertwining, deep roots and hence have a water-holding property
and act as soil binders.
5. Grasses play the role of natural fertilizers after they die.

31. ￡CONOMIC INCENTIVES OF GRASSLANDS
#06 : These are the primary source of food
and fodder to domestic animals, which
contribute immensely to the needs of the
population and the growing economy.
#07 : Much of the increasing global demand
for meat and milk, particularly from
developing countries, will have to be supplied
from grassland ecosystems

32. THREATS TO NATIVE GRASSLANDS
● Clearing of native grasslands for urban expansion
● Conversion of native grassland area to crop and introduced
pasture
● Invasion by exotic plants
● Overgrazing
● Soil and habitat disturbance by vehicle, rock removal or rock
crushing operations
● Lack of fire or change of fire frequency
● Changes in agricultural practice
● Poor management of remnant grassland areas

33. THREATS TO NATIVE FLORA & FAUNA
● Demographic and
genetic phenomena
● Destruction of wild
habitat
● Climate Change
● Hunting and Illegal
trafficking
● Diseases
● Loss of Habitat
● Loss of Food
● Wildfires
[ I ]

34. IUCN RED LIST
● IUCN currently keeps record
of 13159 species of Grasslands,
21888 species of Shrubland,
and 9223 species of Savanna.
(as of Feb 1, 2022)
● We’ll be taking 19787 species
into consideration from
Grassland and Savanna
(excluding the overlapping
species).
[ 1.5 ]
[ J ]

35. ● EX - Extinct - 39
● EW - Extinct in the Wild - 08
● CR - Critically Endangered - 622
● EN - Endangered - 1614
● VU - Vulnerable - 1512
● NT - Near Threatened - 1101
● LC - Least Concern - 13564
● DD - Data Deficient - 1327
Out of those 19787 species,
[ 1.5 ]

36. Some of the species examples are
● Schomburgk's deer - now extinct,
once endemic of native Thailand
● Leopard, Yellow-breasted
Bunting, Indian Vulture,
Bawean Deer,
White-shouldered Ibis - critically
endangered animal species of South and
Southeast asia
● Saussurea costus, Utleria
salicifolia, Curcuma
supraneeana are among the critically
endangered plant species of South and
Southeast asia
[ 1.5 ]
[ K ]

37. HUMAN ACTIONS TO CONSERVE GRASSLANDS
● Brush Management
● Fencing
● Forage Harvest
Management
● Heavy use Protection Area
● Reduce our carbon footprint
● Support Endangered
Species
[ L ]

38. GOVT LAWs FROM THE WORLD
The Endangered
Species Act of
1973 [ USA ]
Wildlife and
Countryside Act
1981 [ UK ]
The WIldlife
Protection Act
1972 [ India ]
[ G ]

39. CASE STUDY
BANNI GRASSLAND AND
Prosopis Juliflora (ગાંડો બાવળ )
[ 1.6 ]

40. # WHERE?
WHERE?
Banni grasslands is a belt of
arid grassland ecosystem on
the outer southern edge of the
Rann of Kutch in
Kutch District, Gujarat.
Coordinates : 23°33′ N 69°16′ E
Area : 3,8472
kms
[ M ]
[ 1.6 ]

41. WHAT & WHO ?
● In 1961, to stop the ingress of
salinity of Rann, over an area of
31,500 hectare, seeds of exotic
trees called Prosopis juliflora
was scattered.
● But instead of saving the Banni,
it replaced the native grasses of
the region and had many
ecological and social impact.
● These bushy and thorny trees
propagate very quickly and
leaves very little water for other
plants to grow.
[ N ]
[ 1.6 ]

42. WHAT & WHO ?
● In 1979 - it only covered 6% of
area which increased to 54%
in 2015.
● The Maldhari community are
among the most affected as
they were dependent on the
grassed for their livestock food.
[ O ]
[ 1.6 ]

43. Q/A
Session
ASK AWAY !

44. BIBLIOGRAPHY
[ 0.1 ] New support for human evolution in Grasslands. Earth Institute. (2016, June 6).
Retrieved January 30, 2022, from
https://www.earth.columbia.edu/articles/view/3283
[ 1. 1 ] Bharucha, E., 2005. Textbook of environmental studies. Hyderabad: Universities
Press.
[ 1.2 ] E-Pustakdwar School of Open Learning University of Delhi - Environmental
Studies. (n.d.). Retrieved February 1, 2022, from
https://web.archive.org/web/20200331144729/http://egyankosh.ac.in:80/bitstrea
m/123456789/11009/1/Unit-14.pdf
[ 1.3 ] EVS class materials
[ 1.4 ] Grasslands in India and its types. PSCNOTES.IN. Retrieved February 1, 2022,
from https://pscnotes.in/grasslands-in-india-and-its-types
[ 1.5 ] Data was collected from the search feature of The IUCN Red List of
Threatened Species. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. (n.d.). Retrieved
February 1, 2022, from https://www.iucnredlist.org/en
[ 1.6 ] Down To Earth. (2019, September 13). How India lost its finest Banni grasslands
to an exotic species called prosopis juliflora. YouTube. Retrieved February 2,
2022, from https://youtu.be/hUagl_YR0v4

45. REFERENCES
[ 2.1 ] The Apple Ecosystem: Explained ! by MKBHD - YouTube
● https://www.fao.org/3/y8344e/y8344e05.htm#TopOfPage
● https://www.conservationindia.org/wp-content/files_mf/1-Planning-Commissio
n-1.pdf
● https://sciencing.com/endangered-animals-earths-grassland-biome-6625728.h
tml
● https://www.fao.org/3/y8344e/y8344e0i.htm#bm18.6.2
● https://india.mongabay.com/2019/12/the-complex-of-life-of-banni-gujarat/
● https://testbook.com/current-affairs/saving-banni-grasslands-from-invasive-sp
ecies/
● https://www.fao.org/uploads/media/grass_stats_1.pdf
● https://terragreen.teriin.org/terragreen/TGApr17/TG_CoverStory/files/downloads
/TG_April_2017_Cover_Story1.pdf
● https://science.thewire.in/environment/large-scale-removal-banni-invasive-ma
d-tree-prosopis-juliflora-not-solution/

46. CREDITS
A. Don't panic - Starman - VectorStock
B. Human evolution - VectorStock
C. Ecosystem - DreamsTime
D. Apple Ecosystem - PCQuest
E. Desert - VectorStock
F. Forest - VectorStock
G. World Map Outline - VectorStock
H. Indian Map Outline - covid19india.org
I. Danger - VectorStock
J. IUCN logo - nationalredlist.org
K. Schomburgk’s Deer - iucnredlist.org
L. Family - iStock
M. Gujarat’s Map - goaltideias.com
N. Prosopis juliflora - Mongabay
O. Maldharis - Mongabay

47. Our Planet |
From Deserts
to Grasslands
| Netflix
[ YouTube ]
(Grasslands start at 21:00)
ADDITIONAL
VIEWING
92 second excerpt

48. Additional Credits
All vector graphics used in the background are the sole
property of jongcreative
( Vector Stock, Dribbble, Creative Market ).
Used for educational purpose only and not intended for
commercial use.
Satellite Imagery from Google Earth, ©Google, Inc.
Map Data: Google Landsat / Copernicus Data SIO, NOAA, U.S. Navy, NGA, GEBCO GeoBasis-DE/BKG
(©2009) IBCAO Mapa GISrael TMap Mobility
Our Planet Documentary Series, ©Netflix, Inc.
Video provided from YouTube, uploaded by Netflix, 17 Apr. 2020

49. My knowledge on Grasslands
Before this
Presentation
After this
Presentation
Team : Aaa Bbb, Ccc Ddd, Eee Fff
Creatives by Ad3p
Thank
You
And
We’ll see you around
Next Time!

50. Made with 🤍 at 🌃 using Google Slides by ad3p