This document contains a table of contents and sections on Spanish grammar topics including: - Regular preterite verbs and their forms - Verbs like -car, -gar, -zar and how their sounds change in the preterite - Stem-changing and irregular preterite verbs - The imperfect tense, its forms and uses - The preterite vs imperfect tenses - Uses of ser and estar - Verbs like gustar - Comparatives and superlatives - Future tense forms - Uses of por and para in Spanish

1. Grammar Diana von Mehren Period 1

2. Table of Contents 1- Introduction 2- Table of Contents 3-9 Preterite 4 Charts 5 Triggerwords 6 -car, -gar, -zar 7 spockverbs 8 Snake 9 Snakey 10 Cucaracha 11-14 Imperfect 12 Charts 13 Trigger Words 14 Irregulars 15 Preterite vs. Imperfect 16 Ser 17 Estar 18 VerbslikeGustar 19 Comprartives and Superlatives 20 Transitionwords 21-23 Future 24 Por 25 Para

3. Preterite

4. Regular Preterite

5. TriggerWords Un día Una vez Ayer Hace un año Ya El martes El mes pasado Anteayer Por una hora

6. -car, -gar, -zar to get the same sound for certain verbs, the ending must change. Ejemplos: to get the hard “c” from buscar, you must replace the “c” with a “qu”: buscar + -é = busqué to get the hard “g” sound in pagar in the yo form, change the “ge” to a “gu”: pagar + -é = pagué to get the soft “z” sound in almorzar, in the yo form change the “z” to a “c” almorzar + -é = almorcé

7. SpockWords Ir Ser Ver Dar Hacer

8. Snake These verbs are stem changers in the “usted” and “ustedes” form. e > i pedir preferir competir repetir servir sentir o > u dormir morir

9. Snakey They need to have a “y” in the usted and ustedes. Verbs like leer and oir.

11. Imperfect

13. Trigger Words A veces Siempre Todolos días Cadadía Muchasveces Los lunes Frecuentemente

14. Irregulars

15. Preterite vs. Imperfect Preterite Actions viewed by the speaker as completed Express the beginning or end of a past action Narrate a series of past actions Used for specific events imperfect Ongoing past actions with no reference to the beginning or end Express habitual past actions and events Describe physical and emotional states and characteristics Used for background information such as time, weather, location.

16. Ser

17. Estar

18. Verbslike gustar Whenfollowedbyoneor more verbs in theinfinitve, thesingluarformisused Gustar isoftenused in theconditionaltosoften a request Someexamples are: Aburrir Encantar Faltar Importar Doler Interesar

19. Comparatives and Superlatives Comparatives Más + adjective + que Menos + adjective + que Superlatives El/la Más + adjective + de El/la Menos + adjective + de Irregulars BuenoMejor viejo mayor Malopeor Jovenmenor

20. TransitionWords A pesar de Aunque Mientras Pero Por lo tanto Sin embargo No obstante también

21. Future

22. Irregulars Decir Hacer Poner Salir Tener Valer Venir Poder Querer Saber Caber Haber Dir Har Pondr Saldr Tendr Valdr Vendr Poor Querr Sabr Cabr Habr

23. Trigger Words El proximo ______ Día, año, semana, hora, etc Mañana En (number) Día, año, semana, hora, etc

24. Por Passing through General rather than specific Location How long something lasts The cause of something An exchange Doing something of or instead of someone else A means of transportation Numbers and time

25. Para For whom something is done Destination The purpose for which something is done To express an opinion To compare or contrast To express the idea of a deadline