This document provides a summary of basic English grammar concepts including:
- Parts of a word can be divided into a stem containing the word's meaning and inflections like suffixes indicating number or tense.
- Sentences contain subjects, predicates, objects, complements, and clauses including principal clauses that are complete statements and subordinate clauses that are dependent on the principal clause.
- It also outlines the different parts of speech like nouns, verbs, adjectives, and provides examples of their uses in sentences. The document concludes by describing various verb qualities around tense, aspect, voice, and mood.
This document provides a summary of English grammar including parts of speech and sentence structure. It explains the basic components of words such as stems and inflections. It also outlines the key parts of a sentence including subjects, predicates, objects, complements and clauses. Finally, it defines the main parts of speech - nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, pronouns and conjunctions. The document is intended as a basic introduction to English grammar.
This document defines and provides examples of sentences, clauses, and phrases in English grammar. It explains that a sentence contains a subject and a verb, while a clause is a "mini-sentence" within a larger sentence. A phrase is a group of words that acts like a single part of speech but does not contain both a subject and verb. Common types of phrases include prepositional, noun, verb, adjective, and adverbial phrases. The document provides examples of identifying phrases, clauses, and sentences to illustrate these concepts.
The document provides information about phrases and clauses. It defines phrases as groups of words that do not contain a subject and verb, while clauses contain a subject performing an action stated by the verb. The document outlines different types of phrases, such as noun phrases, verb phrases, and prepositional phrases. It also discusses different types of clauses, including dependent clauses, independent clauses, noun clauses, adjectival clauses, and adverbial clauses. Examples are provided for each type of phrase and clause.
Sentences,Phrases and Clauses by Teacher Jodi AATeacher Jodi AA
This document discusses the differences between sentences, clauses, and phrases through examples. It defines a sentence as a set of words with a complete thought including a subject and predicate, while a clause contains a subject and predicate but is found within a larger sentence. A phrase, on the other hand, is a group of words within a sentence that lacks a subject and verb. The document provides the example "When the rain is over, he ran home quickly" to illustrate an independent clause and dependent clause. It concludes by asking the reader to identify the clause, phrase, and sentence in a short quotation.
This document defines and provides examples of phrases, clauses, and sentences. It explains that a phrase is two or more linked words that do not contain a subject and predicate, and lists eight types of phrases including noun, verb, and prepositional phrases. It defines a clause as containing a subject and predicate, and describes independent clauses that can stand alone and three types of dependent clauses - adjective, adverbial, and noun clauses. Finally, it outlines the four types of sentences - simple, compound, complex, and complex-compound sentences.
The document discusses different types of clauses and phrases in English grammar. It defines clauses as groups of words containing a subject and verb, and phrases as groups lacking a subject or verb. The main types of clauses covered are independent clauses, dependent clauses which can be noun clauses, adjective clauses, or adverb clauses. Common phrases include noun phrases, prepositional phrases, adverb phrases, and adjective phrases. Participle phrases, gerund phrases, infinitive phrases, and absolute phrases are also explained.
A clause contains both a subject and a verb and can stand alone as a complete sentence, while a phrase lacks both a subject and verb and cannot stand alone. The difference between a clause and phrase is that a clause provides a complete meaning on its own, like "He is sleeping", while a phrase does not, like "on the bed". A sentence can contain both clauses and phrases.
This document discusses different types of phrases and clauses that can be found within sentences. It defines phrases as groups of words that do not contain a subject and verb, and identifies four main types: prepositional phrases, infinitive phrases, participial phrases, and gerund phrases. It also defines clauses as groups of words that do contain a subject and verb, identifying four clause types: main clauses, subordinate clauses, relative clauses, and noun clauses. Various examples are provided to illustrate the characteristics and usage of each phrase and clause type.
This document provides a summary of English grammar including parts of speech and sentence structure. It explains the basic components of words such as stems and inflections. It also outlines the key parts of a sentence including subjects, predicates, objects, complements and clauses. Finally, it defines the main parts of speech - nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, pronouns and conjunctions. The document is intended as a basic introduction to English grammar.
This document defines and provides examples of sentences, clauses, and phrases in English grammar. It explains that a sentence contains a subject and a verb, while a clause is a "mini-sentence" within a larger sentence. A phrase is a group of words that acts like a single part of speech but does not contain both a subject and verb. Common types of phrases include prepositional, noun, verb, adjective, and adverbial phrases. The document provides examples of identifying phrases, clauses, and sentences to illustrate these concepts.
The document provides information about phrases and clauses. It defines phrases as groups of words that do not contain a subject and verb, while clauses contain a subject performing an action stated by the verb. The document outlines different types of phrases, such as noun phrases, verb phrases, and prepositional phrases. It also discusses different types of clauses, including dependent clauses, independent clauses, noun clauses, adjectival clauses, and adverbial clauses. Examples are provided for each type of phrase and clause.
Sentences,Phrases and Clauses by Teacher Jodi AATeacher Jodi AA
This document discusses the differences between sentences, clauses, and phrases through examples. It defines a sentence as a set of words with a complete thought including a subject and predicate, while a clause contains a subject and predicate but is found within a larger sentence. A phrase, on the other hand, is a group of words within a sentence that lacks a subject and verb. The document provides the example "When the rain is over, he ran home quickly" to illustrate an independent clause and dependent clause. It concludes by asking the reader to identify the clause, phrase, and sentence in a short quotation.
This document defines and provides examples of phrases, clauses, and sentences. It explains that a phrase is two or more linked words that do not contain a subject and predicate, and lists eight types of phrases including noun, verb, and prepositional phrases. It defines a clause as containing a subject and predicate, and describes independent clauses that can stand alone and three types of dependent clauses - adjective, adverbial, and noun clauses. Finally, it outlines the four types of sentences - simple, compound, complex, and complex-compound sentences.
The document discusses different types of clauses and phrases in English grammar. It defines clauses as groups of words containing a subject and verb, and phrases as groups lacking a subject or verb. The main types of clauses covered are independent clauses, dependent clauses which can be noun clauses, adjective clauses, or adverb clauses. Common phrases include noun phrases, prepositional phrases, adverb phrases, and adjective phrases. Participle phrases, gerund phrases, infinitive phrases, and absolute phrases are also explained.
A clause contains both a subject and a verb and can stand alone as a complete sentence, while a phrase lacks both a subject and verb and cannot stand alone. The difference between a clause and phrase is that a clause provides a complete meaning on its own, like "He is sleeping", while a phrase does not, like "on the bed". A sentence can contain both clauses and phrases.
This document discusses different types of phrases and clauses that can be found within sentences. It defines phrases as groups of words that do not contain a subject and verb, and identifies four main types: prepositional phrases, infinitive phrases, participial phrases, and gerund phrases. It also defines clauses as groups of words that do contain a subject and verb, identifying four clause types: main clauses, subordinate clauses, relative clauses, and noun clauses. Various examples are provided to illustrate the characteristics and usage of each phrase and clause type.
Here are the corrections for using articles (a, an, the) in the sentences:
Ismail spoke to the woman who had waved to him
My mother bought me an expensive watch
Cheryl borrowed a book from the library.
Ali wore a new uniform to school.
Did you see a new car which my father bought?
Kiran is an Indian girl.
Singapore lies quite near to the equator.
Suman has travelled across the Atlantic Ocean.
This document defines and provides examples of different types of phrases, clauses, and sentence structures:
1) It describes prepositional phrases, appositive phrases, verbal phrases, and other types of phrases.
2) It explains independent clauses, subordinate clauses like adjective and adverb clauses, and the different types of sentences that can be formed from clauses.
3) It provides examples of common grammatical errors like unintentionally capitalizing phrases and fragments.
This document defines and provides examples of different types of phrases and clauses in English grammar. It discusses noun phrases, verb phrases, prepositional phrases, infinitive phrases, participle phrases, gerund phrases, absolute phrases, and clauses. Examples are given for each type of phrase or clause to illustrate their structures and functions within sentences. The key types of phrases covered are those containing nouns, verbs, prepositions, infinitives, participles, and gerunds. Independent and dependent clauses are also defined.
This document provides information about different types of clauses: noun clauses, adjective clauses, and adverb clauses. It defines each type of clause and provides examples to illustrate their functions within sentences. Noun clauses act as nouns, adjective clauses modify nouns or pronouns, and adverb clauses modify verbs, adjectives, adverbs, or verbals by describing when, where, how, etc. Relative pronouns are used to connect clauses to the words they modify.
1. The document discusses different types of attributives and phrases in language. It defines attributives as words that modify nouns without linking verbs, including adjectives, nouns, and verbs.
2. Phrases are groups of related words that function as parts of speech but lack both a subject and verb. The main types are noun, adjective, adverb, and verb phrases.
3. Examples of different attributives and phrases are provided to illustrate their meanings and structures. Translations between English and Indonesian phrases are also offered.
This document discusses the building blocks of sentences: phrases and clauses. It defines a phrase as a group of words without a subject and verb, while a clause contains both a subject and verb. Clauses are either independent, containing a complete thought, or dependent, requiring an additional clause. Sentences are built from independent clauses and can include dependent clauses to improve structure. The document provides examples and guidelines for identifying different clause types and sentence structures, including simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex sentences. Punctuation rules are outlined for dependent clauses and compound sentences.
This document provides an overview of phrases and clauses, distinguishing between independent and dependent clauses. It defines a clause as a group of words containing a subject and verb, and an independent clause as one that forms a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. Dependent clauses cannot stand alone as they are missing essential pieces and need to be attached to another clause. Phrases are also defined as groups of words that do not contain subjects or verbs.
The document discusses various types of sentences including simple, compound, complex, and minor sentences. It defines what constitutes each type of sentence based on the number and type of clauses. For example, a simple sentence contains one independent clause, a compound sentence contains at least two independent clauses joined by a conjunction, and a complex sentence contains an independent clause and at least one dependent clause. The document also covers clause elements such as subjects, verbs, objects, and complements.
The document discusses testing and evaluating grammar, including parts of speech like articles, prepositions, and pronouns. It provides information and exercises about these grammatical concepts, with a focus on teaching and assessing them. Resource person Mam Salma Khan presented the material.
The document discusses different types of phrases and clauses. There are three types of phrases: prepositional phrases, which begin with a preposition and modify a noun; adjectival phrases, which act as adjectives; and adverbial phrases, which act as adverbs. There are also two types of clauses: independent clauses, which can stand alone as a sentence; and dependent clauses, which cannot stand alone and contain a subordinating conjunction. The document provides examples of different types of phrases and clauses.
Phrases and clauses are the building blocks of sentences. A phrase is a group of words that act as a part of speech but cannot stand alone as a sentence, while a clause contains both a subject and predicate. There are several types of phrases including noun, verb, prepositional, gerund, infinitive, and participial phrases. Phrases can function as different parts of speech like nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. Clauses are divided into main/independent clauses and subordinate/dependent clauses. Subordinate clauses include noun clauses, adjective clauses, and adverb clauses.
This document provides a short guide to English grammar, covering parts of speech, parts of a sentence, clauses, phrases, verbs and other grammatical concepts. It defines key terms like subject, predicate, object, complement, principal and subordinate clauses. It also explains the different parts of verbs like tense, aspect, voice, mood and finite vs non-finite verbs. Finally, it briefly defines other parts of speech such as nouns, articles, adverbs, prepositions and adjectives.
This document provides a concise overview of English grammar, including definitions and examples of the main parts of speech and elements of a sentence. It discusses nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, and their various types. It also outlines the key parts of a sentence like the subject, predicate, object, and clause. The document is intended as a basic introduction to English grammar.
This document provides a concise overview of English grammar, including definitions and examples of the main parts of speech and elements of a sentence. It discusses nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, and their various types. It also examines subjects, predicates, objects, complements, clauses, phrases, tense, aspect, voice, mood, and finite vs non-finite verbs. The document is intended as a basic introduction to English grammar.
This document provides an overview of English grammar, covering parts of speech, parts of a sentence, clauses, phrases, verbs, and other grammatical concepts. It defines key terms like subject, predicate, object, and complement. For parts of speech, it describes nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, pronouns, conjunctions and articles. It also covers topics like tense, aspect, voice, mood and finite vs non-finite verbs. The document is intended as a basic introduction to English grammar.
This document provides an overview of English grammar, including definitions of the main parts of speech and components of a sentence. It discusses nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, articles, subjects, predicates, objects, complements, clauses, phrases, tenses, aspects, voices, moods, and finite vs non-finite verbs. Examples are provided to illustrate each grammatical concept. The document is intended as a basic introduction to English grammar.
This document provides a short guide to English grammar, defining key terms like parts of speech, clauses, phrases, and verb tenses and aspects. It explains that a word can be divided into a stem and inflections, and a sentence contains a subject, predicate, object, and possibly complement. There are two types of clauses - principal and subordinate. Parts of speech include nouns, articles, verbs, adverbs, prepositions. Verbs are classified by tense, aspect, voice, and mood.
This document provides a short guide to English grammar, defining key terms like parts of speech, clauses, phrases, and parts of a sentence. It explains nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions and their functions. For example, it states a noun is a "name" and denotes things or ideas. A verb expresses an action, with tense, aspect, voice and mood. Overall, the document serves as a basic introduction to grammatical concepts and terminology.
This document provides a short guide to English grammar, defining key terms like parts of speech, clauses, phrases, and verb tenses and aspects. It explains that a word can be divided into a stem and inflections, and a sentence divided into a subject, predicate, object, and complement. There are two types of clauses - principal and subordinate. Parts of speech include nouns, articles, verbs, adverbs, prepositions. Verbs are classified by tense, aspect, voice, and mood.
The document discusses different types of phrases in English grammar:
1. Noun phrases consist of a noun and its modifiers. They can function as subjects, objects, or objects of prepositions.
2. Verb phrases contain verbs and any auxiliary or modal verbs. They form the predicate of a sentence.
3. Adjective phrases modify nouns and consist of adjectives and their modifiers. They can be attributive or predicative.
4. Adverb phrases modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs and express manner, place, time, reason, or frequency. They are formed from adverbs or prepositional phrases.
5. Prepositional phrases begin with a pre
The document summarizes different types of adjective phrases in English, including their structure and syntactic functions. It discusses:
- The typical structure of an adjective phrase includes a premodifier (adverb), head (adjective), and postmodifier (adverb or prepositional phrase).
- Adjectives can function as subject complements, noun pre-modifiers, postpositive modifiers, heads of noun phrases, and in verbless and contingent adjective clauses.
- Adjectives are classified as central if they can be both attributive and predicative, or attributive-only if restricted to modifying nouns.
Here are the corrections for using articles (a, an, the) in the sentences:
Ismail spoke to the woman who had waved to him
My mother bought me an expensive watch
Cheryl borrowed a book from the library.
Ali wore a new uniform to school.
Did you see a new car which my father bought?
Kiran is an Indian girl.
Singapore lies quite near to the equator.
Suman has travelled across the Atlantic Ocean.
This document defines and provides examples of different types of phrases, clauses, and sentence structures:
1) It describes prepositional phrases, appositive phrases, verbal phrases, and other types of phrases.
2) It explains independent clauses, subordinate clauses like adjective and adverb clauses, and the different types of sentences that can be formed from clauses.
3) It provides examples of common grammatical errors like unintentionally capitalizing phrases and fragments.
This document defines and provides examples of different types of phrases and clauses in English grammar. It discusses noun phrases, verb phrases, prepositional phrases, infinitive phrases, participle phrases, gerund phrases, absolute phrases, and clauses. Examples are given for each type of phrase or clause to illustrate their structures and functions within sentences. The key types of phrases covered are those containing nouns, verbs, prepositions, infinitives, participles, and gerunds. Independent and dependent clauses are also defined.
This document provides information about different types of clauses: noun clauses, adjective clauses, and adverb clauses. It defines each type of clause and provides examples to illustrate their functions within sentences. Noun clauses act as nouns, adjective clauses modify nouns or pronouns, and adverb clauses modify verbs, adjectives, adverbs, or verbals by describing when, where, how, etc. Relative pronouns are used to connect clauses to the words they modify.
1. The document discusses different types of attributives and phrases in language. It defines attributives as words that modify nouns without linking verbs, including adjectives, nouns, and verbs.
2. Phrases are groups of related words that function as parts of speech but lack both a subject and verb. The main types are noun, adjective, adverb, and verb phrases.
3. Examples of different attributives and phrases are provided to illustrate their meanings and structures. Translations between English and Indonesian phrases are also offered.
This document discusses the building blocks of sentences: phrases and clauses. It defines a phrase as a group of words without a subject and verb, while a clause contains both a subject and verb. Clauses are either independent, containing a complete thought, or dependent, requiring an additional clause. Sentences are built from independent clauses and can include dependent clauses to improve structure. The document provides examples and guidelines for identifying different clause types and sentence structures, including simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex sentences. Punctuation rules are outlined for dependent clauses and compound sentences.
This document provides an overview of phrases and clauses, distinguishing between independent and dependent clauses. It defines a clause as a group of words containing a subject and verb, and an independent clause as one that forms a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. Dependent clauses cannot stand alone as they are missing essential pieces and need to be attached to another clause. Phrases are also defined as groups of words that do not contain subjects or verbs.
The document discusses various types of sentences including simple, compound, complex, and minor sentences. It defines what constitutes each type of sentence based on the number and type of clauses. For example, a simple sentence contains one independent clause, a compound sentence contains at least two independent clauses joined by a conjunction, and a complex sentence contains an independent clause and at least one dependent clause. The document also covers clause elements such as subjects, verbs, objects, and complements.
The document discusses testing and evaluating grammar, including parts of speech like articles, prepositions, and pronouns. It provides information and exercises about these grammatical concepts, with a focus on teaching and assessing them. Resource person Mam Salma Khan presented the material.
The document discusses different types of phrases and clauses. There are three types of phrases: prepositional phrases, which begin with a preposition and modify a noun; adjectival phrases, which act as adjectives; and adverbial phrases, which act as adverbs. There are also two types of clauses: independent clauses, which can stand alone as a sentence; and dependent clauses, which cannot stand alone and contain a subordinating conjunction. The document provides examples of different types of phrases and clauses.
Phrases and clauses are the building blocks of sentences. A phrase is a group of words that act as a part of speech but cannot stand alone as a sentence, while a clause contains both a subject and predicate. There are several types of phrases including noun, verb, prepositional, gerund, infinitive, and participial phrases. Phrases can function as different parts of speech like nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. Clauses are divided into main/independent clauses and subordinate/dependent clauses. Subordinate clauses include noun clauses, adjective clauses, and adverb clauses.
This document provides a short guide to English grammar, covering parts of speech, parts of a sentence, clauses, phrases, verbs and other grammatical concepts. It defines key terms like subject, predicate, object, complement, principal and subordinate clauses. It also explains the different parts of verbs like tense, aspect, voice, mood and finite vs non-finite verbs. Finally, it briefly defines other parts of speech such as nouns, articles, adverbs, prepositions and adjectives.
This document provides a concise overview of English grammar, including definitions and examples of the main parts of speech and elements of a sentence. It discusses nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, and their various types. It also outlines the key parts of a sentence like the subject, predicate, object, and clause. The document is intended as a basic introduction to English grammar.
This document provides a concise overview of English grammar, including definitions and examples of the main parts of speech and elements of a sentence. It discusses nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, and their various types. It also examines subjects, predicates, objects, complements, clauses, phrases, tense, aspect, voice, mood, and finite vs non-finite verbs. The document is intended as a basic introduction to English grammar.
This document provides an overview of English grammar, covering parts of speech, parts of a sentence, clauses, phrases, verbs, and other grammatical concepts. It defines key terms like subject, predicate, object, and complement. For parts of speech, it describes nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, pronouns, conjunctions and articles. It also covers topics like tense, aspect, voice, mood and finite vs non-finite verbs. The document is intended as a basic introduction to English grammar.
This document provides an overview of English grammar, including definitions of the main parts of speech and components of a sentence. It discusses nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, articles, subjects, predicates, objects, complements, clauses, phrases, tenses, aspects, voices, moods, and finite vs non-finite verbs. Examples are provided to illustrate each grammatical concept. The document is intended as a basic introduction to English grammar.
This document provides a short guide to English grammar, defining key terms like parts of speech, clauses, phrases, and verb tenses and aspects. It explains that a word can be divided into a stem and inflections, and a sentence contains a subject, predicate, object, and possibly complement. There are two types of clauses - principal and subordinate. Parts of speech include nouns, articles, verbs, adverbs, prepositions. Verbs are classified by tense, aspect, voice, and mood.
This document provides a short guide to English grammar, defining key terms like parts of speech, clauses, phrases, and parts of a sentence. It explains nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions and their functions. For example, it states a noun is a "name" and denotes things or ideas. A verb expresses an action, with tense, aspect, voice and mood. Overall, the document serves as a basic introduction to grammatical concepts and terminology.
This document provides a short guide to English grammar, defining key terms like parts of speech, clauses, phrases, and verb tenses and aspects. It explains that a word can be divided into a stem and inflections, and a sentence divided into a subject, predicate, object, and complement. There are two types of clauses - principal and subordinate. Parts of speech include nouns, articles, verbs, adverbs, prepositions. Verbs are classified by tense, aspect, voice, and mood.
The document discusses different types of phrases in English grammar:
1. Noun phrases consist of a noun and its modifiers. They can function as subjects, objects, or objects of prepositions.
2. Verb phrases contain verbs and any auxiliary or modal verbs. They form the predicate of a sentence.
3. Adjective phrases modify nouns and consist of adjectives and their modifiers. They can be attributive or predicative.
4. Adverb phrases modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs and express manner, place, time, reason, or frequency. They are formed from adverbs or prepositional phrases.
5. Prepositional phrases begin with a pre
The document summarizes different types of adjective phrases in English, including their structure and syntactic functions. It discusses:
- The typical structure of an adjective phrase includes a premodifier (adverb), head (adjective), and postmodifier (adverb or prepositional phrase).
- Adjectives can function as subject complements, noun pre-modifiers, postpositive modifiers, heads of noun phrases, and in verbless and contingent adjective clauses.
- Adjectives are classified as central if they can be both attributive and predicative, or attributive-only if restricted to modifying nouns.
The document discusses how grammatical functions are mapped onto morphological representations through the interaction of thematic roles, grammatical relations, and case assignment. It explores how syntactic rules that change the canonical pairing of thematic roles and grammatical functions can have morphological effects. Specifically, it examines how grammatical function changing rules like passive, antipassive, applicative, and causative are reflected in verbal morphology through principles like the Mirror Principle.
(Understanding the Nouns and Articles).pptxTjFlorendo
This is a PowerPont presentation of a parts of speech that focuses only on nouns and Articles or Determiners. Hopefully, this slide can help you somehow. This PPTX will explain the nouns and everything about it in a detailed manner. This PPT will help you make your students clearly understand the noun. No matter how old or young your students are. Hopefully, this ppt can serve its purpose effectively in terms of a fun and meaningful learning. It provides a definition about nouns, its two types which are; common and proper nouns together with its examples. Along with it are the three types of common nouns. Namely, abstract, collective, and concrete nouns. Aside from all of that, it also shows the nature and diverse roles of nouns in a sentence. Nouns can be a subject in the sentence, can be an object, object compliment, subject compliment, and also it can sometimes me a modifier and an appositive. Aside from nouns, this ppt, also discussed about Articles or commonly known as Determiners.
Passive voice, Relative Clauses, Causative, and Subordinating Conjungtion. Ifah Anwar
The document provides information on various English grammar topics including the passive voice, gerunds and infinitives, noun clauses, adjective clauses, adverb clauses, causatives, and coordinating conjunctions. It defines each topic and provides examples to illustrate their usage. Key details covered include the formation of the passive voice, functions of gerunds and infinitives, types of subordinate clauses and their usage, and how causatives are used to show indirect responsibility for an action.
The document discusses different types of clauses and moods in the English language. It defines dependent and independent clauses, and explains that dependent clauses cannot stand alone as a sentence while independent clauses can. It also defines three moods: indicative, imperative, and subjunctive. The indicative mood is used to make statements and ask questions, while the imperative mood expresses commands and requests. The subjunctive mood conveys speculation, wishes, or hypothetical situations.
The document discusses the active and passive voice. The active voice focuses on the subject performing the action, while the passive voice focuses on the recipient receiving the action. Only transitive verbs can be used in the passive voice. The agent performing the action can sometimes be left out of a passive sentence. Either a direct or indirect object can become the subject of a passive sentence. There is also a type of passive called the stative passive which expresses an existing state rather than an action.
This document discusses the proper use of gerunds and infinitives in English. It provides examples of how to use infinitives and gerunds to express purpose, with certain adjectives, in the passive and past forms, when modifying with possessives, after verbs of perception, with let and help, and in causative constructions using make, have, and get. Key rules covered include using "to" instead of "for" to express purpose with verbs, exceptions for when "for" can be used, common adjectives that take infinitives, forming passive and past infinitives and gerunds, and the different meanings implied by make, have, and get in causative contexts.
This document discusses the proper use of gerunds and infinitives in English. It provides examples of how to use infinitives and gerunds to express purpose, with certain adjectives, in the passive and past forms, when modifying with possessives, after verbs of perception, with let and help, and in causative constructions using make, have, and get. It clarifies the differences between these uses and provides exceptions to the rules.
The document defines key grammar terms in Spanish including:
1) Subjects, verbs, pronouns, adjectives, nouns, definite and indefinite articles, prepositions, conjugation, infinitives, stems, irregular verbs, and direct/indirect object pronouns.
2) It explains that in Spanish, adjectives and nouns must agree in gender and number, there are different pronouns used for subjects, objects, reflexive verbs, and after prepositions, and verbs are conjugated to show the subject.
3) Irregular verbs, stem changing verbs, and object pronouns are also defined as having variations from typical conjugation or replacement patterns.
This document discusses verbals (participles, gerunds, and infinitives) and provides examples of how to identify them based on their function in a sentence. It explains that participles function as adjectives, gerunds function as nouns, and infinitives can function as subjects, objects, adjectives or adverbs. The document provides guidance on identifying the type of verbal based on its ending and how it is used in a sentence. Examples are given for each type of verbal and their functions to illustrate their proper identification and use.
This document provides information about adverbs including their definition, use, form and types. It discusses how adverbs modify verbs, adjectives and other adverbs to express manner, place, time or degree. It distinguishes between adjectives and adverbs and provides examples of each. The document also describes different types of adverbs such as adverbs of time, place, degree, manner and frequency. It discusses adverbial phrases and prepositional phrases. Finally, it covers how most adverbs are formed by adding -ly to adjectives and lists some irregular adverb forms.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
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Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...Diana Rendina
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
3. PARTS OF A WORD
A word can be divided into its STEM (the basic part of the word containing its
meaning) and its INFLECTIONS (the endings added to indicate such things as
that a noun is PLURAL or a verb is in the past tense).
Examples: Stem: dog
walk
Inflections: s in dogs
ed in walked
PARTS OF A SENTENCE
SUBJECT
The subject is the person, thing or topic which the sentence deals with. To
discover the subject, ask who or what before the verb, e.g. in the sentence The
house stands on the hill, what stands on the hill? Answer: the house.
Examples: The house stands on the hill.
It overlooks the plain.
PREDICATE
The predicate is all of the sentence except the subject.
Examples: The house stands on the hill.
It overlooks the plain.
OBJECT
The object is the person, thing or topic upon which the subject carries out the
action of the verb. To discover the object, ask who or what after the verb, e.g.
the house overlooks what? Answer: the plain.
Examples: The house overlooks the plain.
I see him clearly.
He watches himself carefully.
In some cases a whole clause can act as object.
Example: He said that the Green Knight was really orange.
Sometimes we apparently have two objects. Where one of these can
alternatively be expressed by placing to before it, it is called the indirect object.
For example, instead of He gave me the book we can say He gave the book to
me. Here the book is the direct object and me the indirect object .
COMPLEMENT
3
4. After the verb to be there is no object since the noun which follows refers to the
same thing as that which precedes the verb (the subject). The noun following
the verb to be is called the complement.
Examples: I am a man.
This is the question.
CLAUSE
There are two kinds of clauses: principal (or main) clauses, and subordinate (or
dependent) clauses.
Principal Clauses
A group of words which includes a subject and a finite verb and makes a
complete statement.
Examples: I am a man.
The house stands on the hill.
When I come home, I will let the cat in.
The following are not principal clauses because they do not make a complete
statement which can stand by itself:
Which is a problem
That the house is standing on the hill
When I come home
The house which stands on the hill
Subordinate Clause
A group of words which includes a finite or non-finite verb but does not make
a statement which stands by itself.
Examples: As soon as the Green Knight entered the room all were
astounded.
He said that the Green Knight was really orange.
The house, which stands on the hill, is empty.
Subordinate clauses can be classified according to their function:
Adverbial Clause
Example: As soon as the Green Knight entered the room, all were
astounded.
In this sentence the clause fulfills the same function as an adverb such as
immediately in the sentence immediately all were astounded.
Noun Clause
4
5. Example: He said that the Green Knight was really orange.
The clause fulfills the same function as a noun such as the words in He said the
words.
Relative Clause
Example: The house, which stands on the hill, is empty.
Relative clauses are adjectival in nature. The clause fulfills the same role as an
adjective such as high-placed in the sentence The high-placed house is empty.
Clauses can also be classified by whether they contain a finite verb.
Finite Clause
A finite clause contains a finite verb and, usually, a subject. It can be a principal
clause or a subordinate clause.
Examples: They say nice things about you. (principal clause)
When they say nice things about you they are not lying.
(subordinate clause)
Non-Finite Clause
A non-finite clause contains a non-finite verb but does not contain a finite verb
and cannot stand alone. A non-finite clause cannot be a principal clause. Non-
finite verbs include participles and infinitives .
Examples: Singing and dancing, he moved slowly up the aisle.
He gave me an invitation to bring you to the party.
Having eaten all the cakes, he began to consume the biscuits.
Filled with joy, he left the room.
PHRASE
A phrase is group of words without a verb.
Examples: It is on the hill.
He went over the sea.
PARTS OF SPEECH
Examples:
house noun
The house article + noun
The house stands article + noun + verb
The house stands firmly article + noun + verb + adverb
5
6. The house stands firmly on the hill article + noun + verb + adverb
preposition + article + noun
The empty house stands on the hill article + adjective + verb + adverb +
preposition + article + noun
It stands on the hill pronoun + verb + preposition + article
+ noun
Since it stands on the hill it overlooks conjunction + pronoun + verb +
the plain preposition + article + noun +
pronoun + verb + article + noun
NOUN
Nouns can be thought of as 'names'; they denote things, people, abstract ideas.
Examples: The house is old.
A king was here.
Virtue is its own reward.
Accidents will happen.
ARTICLE
The articles are: the, a, an. The is called the definite article; a (and an) is called
the indefinite article.
VERB
A verb is a "doing word". It expresses the carrying out of an action. With an
active verb this action is carried out by the subject.
Examples: It stands.
I am.
He adjudicates between the parties concerned.
Alfred burnt the cakes.
With a passive verb the action is carried out upon the subject:
Examples: The cakes were burnt by Alfred.
The Bible is read in many languages.
Verbs have various qualities:
Tense
This is the feature of the verb indicating when the action took place
6
7. Examples: Present tense: It stands
Past Tense: It stood
Future Tense: It will stand
Aspect
This is the feature of the verb which indicates whether the action is was or will
be a completed one or a continuous one. If the verb is unmarked as to whether
it is completed, 'perfect' or continuous, 'progressive', it is called simple. Hence
we can draw up the following scheme:
Simple Present: It stands
Simple Past: It stood
Simple Future: It will stand
Present Perfect: It has stood
Past Perfect: It had stood
Future Perfect: It will have stood
Present Progressive: It is standing
Past Progressive: It was standing
Future Progressive It will be standing
The present perfect is often know simply as the perfect and the past perfect is
sometimes called the pluperfect .
Voice
In English we have the active and the passive voice. In the active voice the
subject carries out the action of the verb; in the passive the action of the verb is
carried out upon the subject.
Examples: Active: I place
Passive: I am placed
A full complement of passive verbs exists in English. The passive is formed
with the appropriate tense of the verb to be and the past participle.
Examples: Present Progressive Passive: I am being placed
Past Perfect Passive: I had been placed
Future Perfect Passive: I will be placed
Mood
There are three moods in English.
7
8. 1. Indicative:
The indicative mood is the normal one in present-day English (PE):
Example: I was going to the pictures
2. Subjunctive:
The subjunctive mood is much rarer in PE; it expresses a hypothetical action.
Examples: If I were going to the pictures.
I wish I were going to the pictures.
3. Imperative:
The imperative mood expresses an order.
Example: Go to the pictures.
Finite and Non-Finite Verbs
Verbs are either finite or non-finite. Non-finite verbs do not include any
indication of tense. One kind of non-finite verb is the infinitive. The infinitive
is the basic form of the verb. It is often combined with to as in I am going to
stand here. However the infinitive is not always preceded by to: in the sentence
I will stand the infinitive is stand. Combined with will the infinitive stand
makes the finite (future tense) verb will stand. Other non-finite parts of the
verb are the participles. The present participle is the form of the verb used in
constructions like:
I am going.
He is combing his hair.
They are developing rapidly.
The same form of the verb can also be used as a noun (in which case it is called
a gerund or verbal noun:
Examples: Developing is not easy.
Walking is pleasant in the summer.
or as an adjective (in which case it is called a gerundive or verbal adjective:
Examples: The third world is made up of the developing countries.
She is a growing child.
The past participle is used in constructions like:
I have walked.
She has grown.
It has developed into a major argument.
8
9. This form is often the same in PE as the past tense (cf. I walked) but not always
(cf. I grew). This also appears as an adjective:
A grown man
ADVERB
An adverb modifies a verb; it indicates how the action of a verb is carried out.
Examples: The house stands firmly.
She speaks well.
He dresses beautifully.
It can also modify an adjective or another adverb.
The house is very firm.
She answered most considerately.
PREPOSITION
A preposition connects a noun (with or without an article) or a pronoun to
some other word. Prepositions are the "little words of English".
Examples: It stands on hills.
The swagman jumped into the billabong.
England is over the sea.
She told the good news to him.
ADJECTIVE
An adjective qualifies a noun; it describes the attributes of a noun.
Examples: The house stands on the high hill.
Precious purple prose provokes profound professors.
PRONOUN
Pronouns take the place of nouns.
Examples: It stands on the hill.
I see myself.
The house which stands on the hill overlooks the plain.
That stands on the hill.
What stands on the hill?
There are a number of different kinds of pronouns:
Personal Pronouns
These are divided into "persons" as follows:
9
10. Singular Plural
First person I we
Second person you (thou) you
Third person he, she, it they
The personal pronouns also include the reflexive and emphatic pronouns.
These are the same in form but different in function. They are myself, himself,
themselves etc.
Examples: Reflexive: I see myself.
People help themselves.
Emphatic: I think myself that it is wrong.
They themselves want to stay on.
Relative Pronouns
The relative pronouns are as follows:
People Things
Subject who, that which, that
Object whom, that which, that
Possessive whose whose
These are used in relative clauses such as:
Examples: This is the man who saw me.
This is the man whom I saw.
This s the man whose house I saw.
This is the man that I saw.
This is the house that Jack built.
Demonstrative Pronouns
These are: This these
That those
Examples: This is the house.
That is the question.
They are also used as demonstrative adjectives:
Examples: This man is green.
That house is red.
Interrogative Pronouns
These are used in questions:
People Things
Subject who what, which
10
11. Object whom, who what, which
Possessive whose
Examples: Who(m) did you see?
Who is that man?
Which is the right way?
Who(m) did you speak to?
What and which can be also used as interrogative adjectives in which case they
can be applied to people.
Examples: Which house stands on the hill?
Which Prime Minister was drowned?
What sweet do you recommend?
CONJUNCTIONS
Some conjunctions are coordinating (i.e. joining elements of the same kind) like
and or but.
Examples: It stands on the hill and overlooks the plain.
I say this but she says that.
Other conjunctions are subordinating (i.e. joining a subordinate clause to a
main clause) like when because, since, as.
Examples: Since it stands on the hill it overlooks the plain.
Although I say this she says that.
When Gawain saw the Green Knight he did not show that he
was afraid.
11