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gr6-puberty-class-one-presentation.pptx
- 1. Grade 6 Look at me now…
- 2. Feelings about discussing Puberty… It’s OK It’s OK It’s OK It’s OK To be embarrassed Not to know To ask questions For males and females to know about each other
- 3. Where it all begins…
- 4. Pituitary Gland Chemical Messages: Hormones Ovaries Testicles Testosterone Estrogen
- 5. Let’s see what you Remember… ?? ??? Hmm… I think… I know!
- 7. What is the name of the hormone that starts male changes of puberty? Question 2
- 8. What is the name of the hormone that starts female changes of puberty? Question 3
- 9. Around what age does puberty start in females? Question 4
- 10. Around what age does puberty start in males? Question 5
- 11. Name some changes that happen to both males and females during puberty. Question 6
- 12. Name one change that happens just to a male during puberty. Question 7
- 13. Name one change that happens just to a female during puberty. Question 8
- 14. Why do people sweat? Question 9
- 15. Name some things that you can do to control body odour. Question 10
- 16. What is the difference between deodorants and antiperspirants? Question 11
- 17. What happens to your skin when your pores get clogged? Question 12
- 18. What can you do to look after acne/blemishes? Question 13
- 19. Can chocolate and greasy foods cause pimples? Question 14
- 20. What are some things you should do to look after your skin when outside in the sun? Question 15
- 21. Why do both males and females voices change during puberty. Question 16
- 22. The purpose of the female’s breasts is for breastfeeding. T/F? Question 17
- 23. Some males might have some temporary breast growth during puberty. T/F? Question 18
- 24. Why do a female’s hips widen as she grows? Question 19
- 25. During puberty you may experience stronger feelings of wanting to be liked and “fitting in” may become more important. T/F? Question 20
- 26. Males and females can start to have romantic feelings for someone. T/F? Question 21
- 27. You may find you are starting to feel more grown- up. What is one thing you can do to show your parents/teacher that you’re ready for more independence? Question 22
- 28. Mood swings are a part of puberty. Name some different feelings that you may experience. Question 23
- 29. Feeling lonely and confused at times is a normal part of puberty. What are some things you could do to help you feel better? Question 24
- 30. Too much stress is not healthy. What are some things you can do to manage your stress? Question 25
- 31. What can you do if you are feeling sad or are in a bad mood sometimes? Question 26
- 32. What could you do if you find you are feeling sad or angry for several weeks at a time and there is no known cause such as the death of a pet? Question 27
- 33. What could you do if your friend comes to you and says they feel really sad or depressed? Question 28
- 34. What are some ways to make sure your body stays as healthy as possible as you grow up? Question 29
- 36. Male changes…
- 37. Male Reproductive System (side view) Seminal vesicle Anus* Prostate gland Epididymis Testicle Scrotum *Urinary bladder Vas deferens Urethra Penis *Not part of the reproductive system
Editor's Notes
- Briefly review as this was discussed in Grade 4 and 5 Embarrassment Is common; giggling or blushing, and wiggling in chairs is expected. Most people want to know about their bodies and those of the opposite sex. Knowing the information helps youth to feel more comfortable and prepared as they go through puberty. Adults can feel embarrassed too (think children are too young, no one ever talked to them, it is a private topic, not used to discussing it, or think they should have all the answers). Knowing/Not Knowing Is important to learn about puberty; helps to understand the changes that are/will happen. Some students have very limited knowledge and others know more. For some, this may be the first opportunity to explore the changes of puberty. For those with some knowledge, it is important to continue to talk about puberty and to make sure that the information they have is correct. Students may have learned about these topics from friends or the media. Unfortunately, those sources are not always accurate. Asking questions Tell students that this is not a forbidden topic and it’s okay to learn about it. If a student has a question, it’s likely other students have the same question. Introduce the question box (if using). Explore why asking friends isn’t the best option. Males and females to know about each other Discuss respect of each other and of the topic. We spend a lot of our lives relating to people of the opposite gender (fathers, brothers, sons, mothers, sisters, daughters). If we learn about them and their concerns, perhaps we can understand them better and can improve our relationships with them. It may be more difficult to discuss these topics in the co-ed setting, but it is a good introduction to understanding and communicating with the opposite gender in a respectful way. Puberty is a time of change that can be both exciting and frightening.
- REVIEW: What exactly is Puberty? 3 periods of rapid growth: conception to birth, birth to the 1st birthday and puberty Puberty - the stage of development when a person changes from a child to an adult Changes include physical changes, emotional, social and thinking (cognitive) changes REVIEW: When does Puberty happen? Changes of puberty happen at different times. Similar to a “personal alarm clock” no two clocks are set exactly the same Timing of puberty is influenced by heredity, nutrition throughout childhood and physical activity levels Females usually experience puberty between 8-16 years Males usually change between 10-18 years Changes are generally complete by 18 for females and 20 for males How does it all happen? Pituitary gland (think of a “cherry pit” shape) which is located at the bottom of the brain sends out chemical messages, called hormones, to get things started.
- Hormones travel in the blood stream, to different parts of the body Females: hormones target glands called ovaries Males: hormones target glands called testicles Both of these glands are then signaled by these hormones to start making their own hormones Females: the ovaries start making hormones, one of which is called estrogen Males: the testicles start making a hormone called testosterone These hormones then travel in the blood stream and tell other parts of the body to start changing. They cause changes allowing children’s bodies to grow into adult bodies.
- Prepare students for trivia questions to review what they know about puberty. Have students work in small groups to respond to questions about puberty. (See full instructions in the Teaching Tool.)
- The process of changing from a child into an adult
- Testosterone
- Estrogen
- 8 – 16; remind students that these are age ranges, some start sooner and some finish later
- 10 – 18; remind students that these are age ranges, some start sooner and some finish later
- acne, oily skin, perspiration, body odour, hair, grow taller, mood swings
- shoulders and chest broaden, genitals grow larger, muscles develop more in males than in females, Adam’s apple, voice deepens
- breasts develop, hips widen, menstruation
- to regulate body temperature; everybody sweats, even children but during puberty different glands develop that start to produce a sweat that causes body odour
- shower/bathe daily to reduce the bacteria that can lead to odour; deodorant/antiperspirant; clean clothes - socks, underwear, shirt; perfumes, body sprays, etc. are not necessary (refer to school policy re: scent free environment)
- deodorants are perfume for the underarms – it doesn’t stop sweat but makes it smell nicer; antiperspirants control odour and wetness by decreasing the amount of sweat produced
- Acne, pimples, zits. The increase in hormones during puberty causes oil (sebaceous) glands to produce excess amounts of oil (sebum).
- wash face daily; don’t pick pimples; keep hands away from face; keep hair off face; limit amount of stress; headbands, sports equipment and backpack straps rubbing on the skin can lead to skin irritation and acne; use of over the counter medicated acne products; visit to a health care professional is necessary in some cases
- No, but it’s still important to eat healthy and some people may be more likely to develop acne due to hereditary factors
- Slip on proper clothing; slap on a hat; slop on sunscreen SPF 30 min.; seek shade; slide on sunglasses
- Larynx/voice box is getting bigger; it is more noticeable in males and some males may even develop an Adam’s apple
- T - they’re to breastfeed their young if they choose to; briefly discuss how the media has sexualized breasts making them embarrassing for some to discuss
- T – is related to hormones regulating themselves early in puberty
- Preparation for childbirth
- T; briefly discuss peer pressure
- True, they may be surprised as to who they are attracted to; stress the importance of differing family values; and there are different types of relationships
- offer to help with chores; follow through on commitments you’ve made
- happy, sad, angry, scared, confused, lonely
- take some time to consider why you might be feeling this way; talk to someone you trust; do something you enjoy; put the screens down and go spend time with people you enjoy; journal; play/listen to music; spend time with your pet
- We all have stress in our lives. Make the point that some stress is healthy but when it gets too much then exercise; read; music; pets; friends; talk to someone
- Smile, get active, do something they like to do, listen to music, spend time with a pet, journal, talk to a friend
- Tell an adult, parents, teachers, counselors, school nurse, clergy etc.
- Be a good friend by listening and going together to a trusted adult for help; talk about the importance of getting help and not keeping it ‘secret’; if your friend won’t go then consider going alone to talk to someone you trust
- Eat healthy foods, drink water when thirsty and have milk at meal times, be physically active – no need to join the gym, limit stress, get enough sleep/rest – between 9 & 11 hrs./night, say no to smoking, alcohol and drugs; incorporate refusal skills as time permits
- Explain to students that they will now review how puberty affects the male reproductive system. Prior to presenting the diagram of the male reproductive system (next slide), have students complete Anatomy Matching Game (see instructions and materials in Teaching Tool).
- Students learned this in Grade 5 so this is review Testicles Male reproductive glands of which there are usually two, about the size of walnuts. Males only need one in order to be able to reproduce. If a male has only one testis (born that way or sometimes an accident or cancer causes the loss) the remaining testis doubles its sperm production. Sometimes one can grow faster than the other, normal for one to hang lower. Two functions - production of testosterone, which causes the changes of puberty, and the production of sperm. Scrotum Sac of skin that holds the testicles. It pulls the testicles closer to the body if it is cold and lowers away from the body if it is hot. The testicles have to be kept at a certain temperature just below body temperature in order to produce healthy sperm, which is why they are on the outside of the body. During puberty the scrotum will grow and turn darker in colour. It is a very sensitive area – easily damaged – important to protect during sports activities by wearing a jock. Never deliberately kick anyone there. Epididymis The coiled tube at the back of the testicle that holds and carries sperm. Vas Deferens The tube which carries sperm out of the testicles (also known as the sperm duct) Since there are 2 testicles, there are 2 vas deferens. Both join with the urethra, which is the tube located under the bladder. Seminal Vesicles Two small pouches behind the bladder and above the prostate gland that produce fluid. This fluid mixes with sperm and other fluid to produce semen. Prostate gland Donut shaped gland under the bladder; size of a chestnut. Surrounds the urethra. The testicles produce sperm and the vas deferens carries this sperm to the prostate gland, where it mixes with fluid from the prostate and seminal vesicles. The purpose of these fluids is to nourish the sperm and keep them alive. Sperm + fluid = substance called semen. Spermatogenesis There are special cells produced in the testicles after the onset of puberty called sperm cells. One cell, the tiniest cell in the male body, can reproduce when united with the special female egg cell (ovum). They are very small – need a microscope to see them. Once a male starts to make sperm they will continue to make about 400 million each day for the rest of their life. Sperm are shaped like tadpoles and are able to swim by lashing their tails. Sperm build up in tubes around the testicles called the epididymis. As sperm is being produced the older ones die off and will be reabsorbed by the body. When sperm is going to leave the body, in a process called ejaculation they travel through the vas deferens and mix with fluids released from both the seminal vesicles and prostate gland to form a white sticky fluid called semen. Urethra The urethra is the tube that runs the length of the penis. It has 2 branches – one to bladder, one to vas deferens. The urethra provides a passageway for both urine and semen to leave the body. Urine and semen cannot come out at the same time as the acidity of the urine would destroy the sperm cells in the semen. When the penis is ready to release semen, a valve blocks off the branch to the bladder so urine cannot escape. Penis The penis is a tube-like organ of spongy tissue, nerves and blood vessels; and varies in size. It takes a while for the penis to grow and it will grow as the rest of the body grows. Testicles grow first. The foreskin is the name given to the skin on the end of the penis that pulls back when the penis gets hard (erection). Sometimes this skin is removed in a procedure called circumcision, usually done soon after birth. Some of the factors that play into the parents’ decision include: religious reasons, personal and cultural beliefs and parents want their baby to “look like” the father. It is normal either way. Used to be routinely done – now is more common to be based on a person’s choice. Males who have not been circumcised should cleanse beneath the foreskin of the penis regularly by gently pulling it back from the glans, rinsing the glans and inside of the foreskin with warm water, then pulling the foreskin back over the head of the penis. Anus The opening of the end of the digestive tract where feces/solid waste/poop leaves the body. Not part of the reproductive system, but part of the digestive system. Changes in the male reproductive organs at puberty Erections The tissue that makes up the penis is called spongy tissue. Under a microscope this tissue has many tiny holes in it. These tiny holes fill up with extra blood which causes the penis to get bigger, harder and stand out from the body, called an erection. Erections happen for physical reasons before puberty, even before birth. They can also happen when the penis is touched or when excited. Sexual thoughts send message to penis – thickens and sticks out from body. Can happen when it is least expected or wanted (e.g. first thing in the morning when you have a full bladder, during sleep, when you are anxious or frightened, no reason at all), not always related to sexual thoughts. This can be frightening and embarrassing. This is a normal process of growing up. An erection does not mean that sperm will be released (ejaculation). Erections will go away on their own. Males can cope with an unwanted erection by: Focusing on something else until it goes away Sitting down Putting your hands in your pockets to try to hide it Wearing baggy pants if it keeps happening At the pool? Jump in or put your towel in front of you Ejaculations Ejaculation is the release of semen from the penis. The penis must be erect before an ejaculation occurs. Usually has to be some extra touching of the penis for this to happen (e.g. during sexual intercourse or masturbation). Muscles push the semen into the urethra and out the penis. There are millions of sperm in one ejaculation. Wet dreams (Nocturnal Emissions) Wet dreams are ejaculation of semen during sleep. This is one time that semen comes out without any extra touching of the penis If a male wakes up and finds a wet, sticky spot on his pajamas, semen came out when he was sleeping. A male may be concerned that he has wet (urinated) the bed but this is not the case. Some males have wet dreams, some don’t. Whatever happens is OK. Males should change their PJ’s and sheets as needed and then put them in the laundry. It is important to remember that it is a normal part of growing up. Jock itch There is increased perspiration during puberty, including in the pubic area. Sweaty underwear or jock straps can lead to a scaly, itchy rash in the genital area. It is important to keep clean, and keep the skin dry (e.g. dry well after bathing or showering; use of corn starch). It can be treated with anti-fungal preparations available at the drugstore without a prescription. If the problem persists, see your health care professional.