Presentation of CHII Naomi, Lecturer in Hokkaido University.
Best practical talk for Transdisciplinary, on Governance and the Arctic Council.
池直美先生のプレゼンテーションです。
「ガバナンス」と北極評議会のお話。
北極域のサイエンスの出口はどうあるべきか?
9 slides covering the History, Philosophy, Sectoral Convergence, Leadership, and Accountability of the Arctic Council using "New Governance" theory.
The Arctic Council can be used as framework model for other Regional Governance Organizations.
Include important information on many conventions organized internationally towards the objective of having a better environment and society. Also covers various protocols on environment issues
9 slides covering the History, Philosophy, Sectoral Convergence, Leadership, and Accountability of the Arctic Council using "New Governance" theory.
The Arctic Council can be used as framework model for other Regional Governance Organizations.
Include important information on many conventions organized internationally towards the objective of having a better environment and society. Also covers various protocols on environment issues
This presentation explains the basic but important differences between the three popular still confusing terms i.e. law, policies and conventions. Definitions of the terms along with few basic life and common examples are also explained.
A description of the projects and activities of the Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, a multidisciplinary, independent non-profit think tank for Israel policy research and education, bringing together the best minds in the political, strategic, diplomatic and legal arenas, in Israel and abroad.
The Civil Aviation, Climate Change Reduction and Legal Aspects of Forest Fire...IOSRJAC
This article describes general review such as introduction and historical background; legal ground such as Indonesian Constitution of 1945, Act Number 6 Year 1994, Act Number 23 Year 1997, Act Number 17 Year 2004, Act Number 25 Year 2004, Act Number 1 Year 2009, Act Number 32 Year 2009 and Presidential Regulation Number 46 Year 2008; action to be taken to reduce climate change in the international as well as national level such as membership of UNFCCC, commits to support ICAO’s recommendation, environmental measure project (EMP), cooperation with IATA and other agencies, discussion with Switzerland related to climate change, such as the policy approach to climate change, socialization and coordination of a national action plan, eco-friendly airport, alternative fuel for aircraft operation , sustainable air transport and aviation alternative fuels, the emission trading scheme; establishment of national committee on climate change , aviation biofuels and renewable energy at the airport; and two kinds of legal aspect such as liability regime and responsibility regime related to dispute arrangement to achieve sustainability development.
Environmental governance in the marine Arctic is a complex system. There are formal and informal governance structure present in the Arctic. The complexity of the governance is caused by these different structures. The countries in the Arctic and outside the territory of the Arctic both try to take an active interest in the environmental governance. Are there issues of differences in stakeholder representation and if so what could be done to manage these differences? This is the research viewpoint taken up in this paper
Planet Under Pressure 2012: State of the Planet Declarationuncsd2012
Scientists issue first “State of the Planet” declaration at the world’s largest gathering of experts on global environmental and social issues in advance of the major UN Summit Rio+20 in June.
Key Messages from "Improving the Institutional Framework for Sustainable Deve...uncsd2012
This workshop focused on discussions on promoting transparency, inclusiveness and accountability as
outcomes of Rio 2012. The discussion focused around means to enhance Principle 10 of the 1992 Rio
declaration on access to information, public participation and access to justice, as well as new means to
ensure accountability through public monitoring of commitments.
This presentation explains the basic but important differences between the three popular still confusing terms i.e. law, policies and conventions. Definitions of the terms along with few basic life and common examples are also explained.
A description of the projects and activities of the Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, a multidisciplinary, independent non-profit think tank for Israel policy research and education, bringing together the best minds in the political, strategic, diplomatic and legal arenas, in Israel and abroad.
The Civil Aviation, Climate Change Reduction and Legal Aspects of Forest Fire...IOSRJAC
This article describes general review such as introduction and historical background; legal ground such as Indonesian Constitution of 1945, Act Number 6 Year 1994, Act Number 23 Year 1997, Act Number 17 Year 2004, Act Number 25 Year 2004, Act Number 1 Year 2009, Act Number 32 Year 2009 and Presidential Regulation Number 46 Year 2008; action to be taken to reduce climate change in the international as well as national level such as membership of UNFCCC, commits to support ICAO’s recommendation, environmental measure project (EMP), cooperation with IATA and other agencies, discussion with Switzerland related to climate change, such as the policy approach to climate change, socialization and coordination of a national action plan, eco-friendly airport, alternative fuel for aircraft operation , sustainable air transport and aviation alternative fuels, the emission trading scheme; establishment of national committee on climate change , aviation biofuels and renewable energy at the airport; and two kinds of legal aspect such as liability regime and responsibility regime related to dispute arrangement to achieve sustainability development.
Environmental governance in the marine Arctic is a complex system. There are formal and informal governance structure present in the Arctic. The complexity of the governance is caused by these different structures. The countries in the Arctic and outside the territory of the Arctic both try to take an active interest in the environmental governance. Are there issues of differences in stakeholder representation and if so what could be done to manage these differences? This is the research viewpoint taken up in this paper
Planet Under Pressure 2012: State of the Planet Declarationuncsd2012
Scientists issue first “State of the Planet” declaration at the world’s largest gathering of experts on global environmental and social issues in advance of the major UN Summit Rio+20 in June.
Key Messages from "Improving the Institutional Framework for Sustainable Deve...uncsd2012
This workshop focused on discussions on promoting transparency, inclusiveness and accountability as
outcomes of Rio 2012. The discussion focused around means to enhance Principle 10 of the 1992 Rio
declaration on access to information, public participation and access to justice, as well as new means to
ensure accountability through public monitoring of commitments.
Case Study of the Arctic Council: Colouring Outside the LinesCharmaine Barton
This paper will assess the Arctic Council using the case study format developed in the "Governance and Leadership" (GOVN500) course at Athabasca University. It will assess the governance paradigm of the Arctic Council referring to:
1) Historical Background
2) Philosophical Foundation
3) Sectoral Convergence (Public, Private, and Voluntary Sectors)
4) Leadership
5) Accountability
This is the 5th lesson of the course - Foundation of Environmental Management taught at the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
Systems of Sustainable Consumption and Production (SSCP) Knowledge-Action Network (KAN) is a global network of researchers and practitioners interested in ways that systems of sustainable consumption and production can be created, nurtured and contribute to a more sustainable world. SSCP KAN works to advance a more systemic approach to SCP, and to encourage and enable an urgent transformation in theory and practice to SCP systems.
Background, sustainable development, principles of Rio Declaration, Espoo Convention, understanding difference in policy, plan, program & project, key elements of SEA, benefits of SEA.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...
150406_Chi
1. Naomi Chi (Graduate School of Public Policy, Hokkadio
Univ.)
March 19, 2015
1
2. *
*Political Science as a discipline
*Social science discipline that deals with
systems of government and the analysis
of political activity and political
behavior
*Deals with the theory and practice of
politics which is commonly thought of as
the determining of the distribution of
power and resources.
2
3. *Political scientists study matters
concerning the allocation and
transfer of power in decision making,
the roles and systems of governance
including governments and
international organizations, political
behavior and public policies.
3
4. *
*"all processes of governing, whether
undertaken by a government, market
or network, whether over a family,
tribe, formal or informal
organization or territory and whether
through laws, norms, power or
language.” (Bevir, 2013)
4
5. *"the processes of interaction and
decision-making among the actors
involved in a collective problem that
lead to the creation, reinforcement,
or reproduction of social norms and
institutions.“ (Hufty, 2011).
5
6. *
*Government: formal body invested with the
authority to make decisions in a given political
system.
⇒In this case the governance process, which
includes all the actors involved in influencing
the decision-making process (such as lobbies,
parties, medias), is centered on the relevant
"governing body".
6
7. *
*Governance derives from the Greek verb
κυβερνάω [kubernáo] (meaning to steer, the
metaphorical sense first being attested in
Plato)
*Its use in English can be traced to Charles
Plummer’s 'The Governance of England' (1885)
*In recent years, in the 1990s by economists and
political scientists, and disseminated by
institutions such as the UN, IMF and World Bank.
7
8. *
*Governance is a very general concept that
can refer to all manner of organizations
*particular 'level' of governance
associated with a type of organization
*a particular 'field' of governance
associated with a type of activity or
outcome
*particular 'model' of governance, often
derived as an empirical or normative
theory
8
9. *
*Global governance is defined as "the complex
of formal and informal institutions,
mechanisms, relationships, and processes
between and among states, markets, citizens
and organizations, both inter- and non-
governmental, through which collective
interests on the global plane are articulated,
right and obligations are established, and
differences are mediated.” (Ramesh, 2006)
9
10. *In contrast to the traditional meaning of
"governance", some authors like James Rosenau
have used the term "global governance" to denote
the regulation of interdependent relations in the
absence of an overarching political authority.
*The best example of this is the international system
or relationships between independent states. The
term, however, can apply wherever a group of free
equals needs to form a regular relationship.
10
11. *
*advocates sustainability (sustainable
development) as the supreme consideration for
managing all human activities—political, social
and economic.
*Governance includes government, business and
civil society, and emphasizes whole system
management.
11
12. *It views natural resources and the environment
as global public goods, belonging to the
category of goods that are not diminished when
they are shared
*This means that everyone benefits from for
example, a breathable atmosphere, stable
climate and stable biodiversity
12
13. *
*In 1996, the Ottawa Declaration formally
established the Arctic Council as a high-level
intergovernmental forum to provide a means
for promoting cooperation, coordination and
interaction among the Arctic States, with the
involvement of the Arctic Indigenous
communities and other Arctic inhabitants on
common Arctic issues; in particular, issues of
sustainable development and environmental
protection in the Arctic.
13
14. *Arctic Council Member States are Canada,
Denmark (including Greenland and the Faroe
Islands), Finland, Iceland, Norway, Russian
Federation, Sweden, and the United States of
America.
*In addition to the Member States, the Arctic
Council has the category of Permanent
Participants.
14
17. * Arctic Council Chairmanship
* The Chairmanship of the Arctic Council rotates every two years between the eight
member states.
* Canada: Inauguration of Arctic Council - 1998 (Ministerial Meeting held in Iqaluit,
Canada 1998)
* United States of America: 1998 - 2000 (Ministerial Meeting held in Barrow, Alaska 2000)
* Finland: 2000-2002 (Ministerial Meeting held in Inari, Finland 2002)
* Iceland: 2002-2004 (Ministerial Meeting held in Reykjavik, Iceland 2004)
* Russian Federation: 2004-2006 (Ministerial Meeting held in Salekhard, Russian
Federation, 2006)
* Norway: 2006-March 2009 (Ministerial Meeting held in Tromsø, Norway 2009)
* Denmark: 2009-2011 (Ministerial Meeting held in Nuuk, Greenland 2011)
* Sweden: 2011-2013 (Ministerial Meeting held in Kiruna, Sweden 2013)
* Canada: 2013-2015 (Assumed Chairmanship 15 May 2013)
17
18. *
* The following organizations are Permanent Participants of the Arctic
Council:
* Arctic Athabaskan Council (AAC)
* Aleut International Association (AIA)
* Gwich'in Council International (GCI)
* Inuit Circumpolar Council (ICC)
* Russian Association of Indigenous Peoples of the North (RAIPON)
* Saami Council (SC)
* This category is open equally to Arctic organizations of Indigenous peoples
with a majority of Arctic Indigenous constituency representing: a single
Indigenous people resident in more than one Arctic State; or more than
one Arctic Indigenous people resident in a single Arctic State.
18
19. *
*Observer status in the Arctic Council is open
to:
-non-arctic states,
-inter-governmental and inter-parliamentary
organizations, global and regional,
-non-governmental organizations.
Currently 12 states, 9 intergovernmental and
parliamentary organizations, 11 NGOS as
observers
19
20. *
*The Arctic Council Secretariat (ACS) supports
the Chair of the Arctic Council. In the past, the
location of the Secretariat was rotated
biennially with the Chairmanship of the Arctic
Council
*Administrative and organizational support;
communication and outreach
20
21. *
*The Council's activities are conducted in six
working groups. The working groups are
composed of:
-representatives at expert level from sectoral
ministries,
-government agencies and
-researchers.
21
22. *1.Arctic Contaminants Action Program (ACAP)
*2.Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme
(AMAP)
*3.Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF)
*4.Emergency Prevention, Preparedness and
Response (EPPR)
*5.Protection of the Arctic Marine Environment
(PAME)
*6.Sustainable Development Working Group (SDWG)
22
23. *Each Working Group:
*has a specific mandate under which it operates
*has a Chair
*has and Management Board or Steering
Committee, and
*is supported by a Secretariat.
23
25. *
*The evidence of global warming is in no place
more obvious than in the Arctic region. The
Arctic has warmed rapidly during the last four
decades. The magnitude of temperature
increase in the Arctic is twice as large as the
global increase. The effect of Arctic climate
change will have profound local, regional and
global implications.
25
26. *
*The Arctic is today the "Global Barometer" regarding
the trends and effects of climate change and long-
range transported pollutants.
*The Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme
(AMAP) has over the past two-years presented
several high-level reports that document the trends
and effects of climate change and pollution both at
local and regional scales within the Arctic, as well
as how feedback from the Arctic may affect global
systems.
26
27. *
*The Arctic Contaminants Action Program (ACAP)
working group addresses on-going environmental
challenges such as contamination from hazardous
chemicals and waste and is responding to new and
emerging threats to the Arctic, such as short-lived
climate forcers (SLCFs).
*In 2010 ACAP created three new Project Steering
Groups (PSGs) to develop an integrated hazardous
waste management strategy in Russia (IHWMS),
mitigation measures for short-lived climate forcers
(SLCF) and involvement of indigenous people (IPCAP)
in environmental projects in the Arctic:
27
28. *
*The Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna
(CAFF) is the biodiversity working group of the
Arctic Council, and conducts monitoring,
assessments and additional projects to identify
how climate change affects Arctic wildlife, and
the implications on the peoples of the Arctic.
28
29. *
*The Arctic contains many species not found
elsewhere, and many habitats and ecological
processes and adaptations that are unique.
These include the seasonal bursts of life on
land and in the ocean, the ability of some
plants to survive extreme cold and dryness, the
physiological features that allow mammals to
maintain body heat through an Arctic winter,
and the presence of life within sea ice.
29
40. *
*Almost four million people live in the Arctic
today including distinct indigenous groups that
are found only in the Arctic, where they
continue traditional activities and adapt to the
modern world at the same time
*The Arctic Council promote sustainable
development in the Arctic region, including
economic and social development, improved
health conditions and cultural well-being for
Arctic peoples
40
42. *
*The goal of the Sustainable Development
Working Group (SDWG) is to propose and adopt
steps to be taken by the Arctic States to
advance sustainable development in the Arctic,
including opportunities to protect and enhance
the environment and the economies, culture
and health of Indigenous Peoples and Arctic
communities, as well as to improve the
environmental, economic and social conditions
of Arctic communities as a whole
42
46. *
*“Regional” governance → global governance
*Who are the stakeholders?
*Environmental issue and indigenous issues
*Environment concerns all humankind
*Indigenous issues more complex
*Notion of “good “governance
46