This document summarizes a report on a biotechnological intervention project in the barren lands of Gopiballavpur I Block of Paschim Medinipur, India. The project aims to make 25 acres of fallow land fertile and productive within 10 months through biotechnological methods, in order to generate sustainable livelihoods for local tribal people. Key aspects of the project include adding humus to the soil, building irrigation infrastructure, introducing lac farming, generating employment, and creating skilled human resources. Initial soil analyses found the land was too acidic and nutrient-deficient for regular crop yields. However, after 10 months of biofertilizer use, the land became productive, converting it from wasteland to
This document provides an overview and summary of a dissertation on vertical farming. The summary includes:
1) The objective of the dissertation was to investigate the feasibility and sustainability of vertical farming by examining its energy generation and carbon footprint, and stakeholder perceptions.
2) The methodology involved literature reviews, energy and carbon footprint analyses, life cycle analyses, and interviews with stakeholders to understand barriers and opportunities.
3) The scope discussed potential benefits of vertical farming like reduced transportation and use of unused urban spaces, but also limitations in crop varieties and challenges in initial costs and developing sustainable lighting.
Thesis- SIGNIFICANCE OF VERTICAL FARMING IN HYBRID ARCHITECTURESwapnilWagh36
Deakin University -School of Architecture and Built Environment
Trimester 1 – 2017
SRR 711 – Master of Architecture Thesis
Unit Chair: Dr.Astrid Roetzel
Supervisor: Susan Ang
Field of study:
SIGNIFICANCE OF VERTICAL FARMING IN HYBRID ARCHITECTURE
Submitted by -Swapnil Dattatray Wagh
Word Count: 8431
B urban farming for climate action and food securityB. BHASKAR
This document discusses various approaches to urban farming that can help address climate action and food security. It provides background on the growth of urban populations and importance of urban agriculture. It then highlights several innovative urban farming initiatives around the world, including vertical farms, rooftop gardens, and mobile apps connecting urban farmers and consumers. These approaches aim to improve access to fresh, local produce while reducing environmental impacts.
Sky farming, also known as vertical farming, is a proposed agricultural technique that involves growing crops in skyscrapers or high-rises located in urban areas. It aims to address issues related to population growth and limited land availability. Some key benefits of sky farming include saving horizontal land, achieving sustainability through energy efficiency and organic crop growth, and improving food security for growing urban populations. Several concepts and technologies have been proposed for sky farming, including solar greenhouses, aeroponics, grow lights, and ensuring projects are environmentally sustainable. Potential challenges include the high economic costs compared to traditional farming.
The document discusses vertical farming as an approach to urban agriculture. It begins by outlining the need for alternative food production methods as the global population grows. It then provides an overview of vertical farming, including its history and key technologies like hydroponics and aquaponics. The document analyzes several case studies of vertical farms in Japan and Nepal. It concludes that vertical farming offers a sustainable solution for urban food production by maximizing land use, reducing transportation needs, and controlling the growing environment.
Vertical farming is the practice of growing produce in vertically stacked layers.
Vertical farms come in different shapes and sizes, from simple two-level or wall-mounted
systems to large warehouses several stories tall.
Vertical farming typically uses a mix of natural light and artificial light. Artificial lighting is often LED-based and may be driven by a renewable power source such as solar power or wind turbines.
To evaluate the scope of the vertical farming concept in the building levels of the future Indian cities. And thereby to analyze how well this concept can integrated be into the urban to sow the seeds for the future and to resolve the long-standing paradox of humanity’s inclination towards exponential demographic and economic growth while inhabiting a planet of limited resource material means.
This document provides an overview and summary of a dissertation on vertical farming. The summary includes:
1) The objective of the dissertation was to investigate the feasibility and sustainability of vertical farming by examining its energy generation and carbon footprint, and stakeholder perceptions.
2) The methodology involved literature reviews, energy and carbon footprint analyses, life cycle analyses, and interviews with stakeholders to understand barriers and opportunities.
3) The scope discussed potential benefits of vertical farming like reduced transportation and use of unused urban spaces, but also limitations in crop varieties and challenges in initial costs and developing sustainable lighting.
Thesis- SIGNIFICANCE OF VERTICAL FARMING IN HYBRID ARCHITECTURESwapnilWagh36
Deakin University -School of Architecture and Built Environment
Trimester 1 – 2017
SRR 711 – Master of Architecture Thesis
Unit Chair: Dr.Astrid Roetzel
Supervisor: Susan Ang
Field of study:
SIGNIFICANCE OF VERTICAL FARMING IN HYBRID ARCHITECTURE
Submitted by -Swapnil Dattatray Wagh
Word Count: 8431
B urban farming for climate action and food securityB. BHASKAR
This document discusses various approaches to urban farming that can help address climate action and food security. It provides background on the growth of urban populations and importance of urban agriculture. It then highlights several innovative urban farming initiatives around the world, including vertical farms, rooftop gardens, and mobile apps connecting urban farmers and consumers. These approaches aim to improve access to fresh, local produce while reducing environmental impacts.
Sky farming, also known as vertical farming, is a proposed agricultural technique that involves growing crops in skyscrapers or high-rises located in urban areas. It aims to address issues related to population growth and limited land availability. Some key benefits of sky farming include saving horizontal land, achieving sustainability through energy efficiency and organic crop growth, and improving food security for growing urban populations. Several concepts and technologies have been proposed for sky farming, including solar greenhouses, aeroponics, grow lights, and ensuring projects are environmentally sustainable. Potential challenges include the high economic costs compared to traditional farming.
The document discusses vertical farming as an approach to urban agriculture. It begins by outlining the need for alternative food production methods as the global population grows. It then provides an overview of vertical farming, including its history and key technologies like hydroponics and aquaponics. The document analyzes several case studies of vertical farms in Japan and Nepal. It concludes that vertical farming offers a sustainable solution for urban food production by maximizing land use, reducing transportation needs, and controlling the growing environment.
Vertical farming is the practice of growing produce in vertically stacked layers.
Vertical farms come in different shapes and sizes, from simple two-level or wall-mounted
systems to large warehouses several stories tall.
Vertical farming typically uses a mix of natural light and artificial light. Artificial lighting is often LED-based and may be driven by a renewable power source such as solar power or wind turbines.
To evaluate the scope of the vertical farming concept in the building levels of the future Indian cities. And thereby to analyze how well this concept can integrated be into the urban to sow the seeds for the future and to resolve the long-standing paradox of humanity’s inclination towards exponential demographic and economic growth while inhabiting a planet of limited resource material means.
Vertical farming: how could we take advantage of our vertical growth in Spain?Alex Rayón Jerez
The document discusses vertical farming as a solution to problems of population growth, climate change, and urbanization. It proposes taking advantage of vertical and dense urban growth in Spain through urban farming techniques like vertical farming. Vertical farming uses buildings and dense urban infrastructure to grow food locally in cities, which could help address issues of food security, resource use, and sustainability as the global population becomes increasingly urbanized.
The document discusses various forms of urban agriculture including rooftop gardens, vertical farming, aquaponics, hydroponics, community gardens, and peri-urban farming. Rooftop gardens provide environmental and economic benefits but have high initial costs. Vertical farming uses multi-story buildings to maximize crop yields within urban footprints. Aquaponics combines hydroponics with aquaculture in a symbiotic system. Urban agriculture helps address issues of food security, environmental sustainability, and social well-being in cities.
This document summarizes waste management practices in West Africa, using Nigeria as a case study. It finds that most West African countries rely on uncontrolled dumpsites and landfills for waste disposal. This poses environmental and health risks due to greenhouse gas emissions and water pollution. The document evaluates the potential for anaerobic digestion as an alternative. Anaerobic digestion produces biogas and fertilizer from organic waste, while controlling pollution. It calculates the net present value of a landfill in Nigeria, finding a negative value, suggesting anaerobic digestion may be more economically and environmentally sustainable for waste management and energy production in West Africa.
This document presents an IOT based vertical farming system. Vertical farming works on the principle of hydroponics, which is a method of growing plants without soil using mineral nutrient solutions. An IOT system is proposed that uses sensors like temperature, moisture, and pH sensors to monitor the environment and control factors like water levels, nutrients, and sprinklers using an Arduino and ESP8266. An IOT app called "Magical Garden" is presented that would allow monitoring and control of the vertical farm remotely. The system aims to achieve higher yields with shorter growth cycles while reducing resource usage compared to traditional farming.
Biochar, poverty and development: Opportunities, threats, social science age...STEPS Centre
Presentation by Melissa Leach, STEPS Centre at the Biogenic Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide workshop on 23 November, hosted by the Environmental Sustainability Knowledge Transfer Network.
This document summarizes a study on vertical farming. It defines vertical farming as producing food in vertically stacked layers indoors using controlled-environment agriculture. The global vertical farming market is expected to reach $9.9 billion by 2025. Key challenges for vertical farms include high labor costs, treating farming like a process, and not taking on too many initiatives. Leaders in vertical farming include General Hydroponics and Aerofarms. Examples of vertical farms profiled are in Canada, the US, and Asia.
Jatropha Curcas Oil Production and Local Development in MozambiqueZK8
This document summarizes a project in Mozambique that aims to use locally produced Jatropha curcas oil to power local diesel engines and generate income for small-scale farmers. The project has been running for three years in a low population density area with poor soils and limited economic opportunities. Initial challenges included agronomic issues like pest infestations from the golden flea beetle. Through research and farmer collaboration, the project has optimized planting techniques like using hedgerows. Current results indicate the system works technically and is socially acceptable and economically viable without subsidies. However, further research is still needed to fully understand yields, environmental impacts, and requirements for large-scale adoption.
Vertical Farming, also known as CEA (Controlled Environment Agriculture) refers to the practice of growing crops on vertically inclined surfaces and in vertically stacked layers.
This document discusses the concept of vertical farming as a solution to sustainably feed the growing global population. Vertical farms would grow crops in stacked layers inside buildings rather than horizontally across land. They use techniques like hydroponics and aeroponics to maximize yields. Some key benefits outlined include year-round local food production, reduced land and water usage, lower emissions from reduced transport, and protection from extreme weather. The document examines goals, considerations, limitations and case studies of potential vertical farm designs.
This ppt will help you in understanding what is vertical farming and hydroponics which I believe to be the future of agriculture in urban areas.
This presentation won me second prize at my college.Hope it helps you all.
Presented by IWMI's Ian W. Makin and Herath Manthrithilake at the INWEPF (The International Network for Water and Environment in the Paddy Field) Symposium 2015 Symposium held on November 3, 2015, in Negombo, Sri Lanka.
Kevin Litwiller - Director of Business Develoment for Lystek International presents the changing trends and landscape of wasterwater biosolids and residuals management. The key points made include:
1) We must view biosolids as a resource not waste
2) Agriculture 3.0 - a shift to small, family farms to much larger sophisticated operations - demands the nutrient rich, organic matter in biosolids be safely recycled to meet the needs of sustainability
3) Concerns about biosolids odours and pathogens are contributing to a shift toward advanced treatment/technologies - Class A Solutions
Bioenergy large scale agriculture investments in africa - food security pers...Global Water Partnership
1. The document discusses large scale investments in agriculture in Africa for food and biofuel crops, and how this can impact food security. It examines the opportunities and risks of growing non-food bioenergy crops as part of land use systems in sub-Saharan Africa.
2. The FAO's Bioenergy and Food Security approach is presented as a way to design sustainable bioenergy policies that contribute to agricultural development and food and energy security. Case studies of the approach in Tanzania, Malawi, and other countries are provided.
3. Key questions addressed include how multi-functional land use systems can promote both food and energy security, and the potential benefits of non-food bioenergy crops for sectors like income
The document discusses agricultural irrigation development in Burkina Faso. It notes that Burkina Faso has developed over 42,973 hectares of irrigated land as of 2013, up from 13,043 hectares in 2000. The irrigation techniques discussed include major irrigation schemes near dams covering over 1,000 hectares each, medium schemes from 20-100 hectares, and small-scale irrigation under 100 hectares using various water sources. Crops grown include rice as well as dry season gardening. The development of irrigated agriculture is aimed to increase food production and farmers' incomes in Burkina Faso.
Agricultural intensification, value chain development and human capacity stre...ILRI
This document discusses strategies for integrating agricultural intensification, value chain development, and human capacity strengthening. It outlines concepts like intensification and value chains. Global challenges are described like population growth and climate change. Integrated value chain, crop, and capacity development (IVCCD) is proposed to address issues in Africa like increasing food demand and land degradation. The document discusses partnership approaches, understanding local systems through assessments, research and development intervention options at different timescales and locations, documentation and scaling best practices, and communication strategies. Examples from projects in Ethiopia and East Africa illustrate integrated solutions and lessons learned around targeting farmers, evaluation, linking production to markets, and sustainability.
Indira Gandhi Institute for Development Studies(IGIDR), and the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) on
‘Harnessing Opportunities to Improve Agri-Food Systems’ on July 24-25 , 2014 in New Delhi.
The two day conference aims to discuss the agricultural priority of the government and develop a road map to realise these priorities for improved agri food systems.
Intensified Agriculture and its Merits and DemeritsSadia Rahat
Agriculture has intensified significantly over the past century due to population growth and industrialization. This intensification involved adopting mechanization, irrigation, fertilizers, pesticides, and high-yield crop varieties to boost productivity on existing farmland rather than expanding into new areas. While intensification increased food supply, it has also led to environmental issues like soil acidification, pollution from excess nutrients, and loss of biodiversity. Maintaining sustainable agricultural practices that balance productivity with environmental protection remains an ongoing challenge.
Briefing Paper_Agribusiness and Market Led Production_Bhakta KarkiBhakta Bahadur Karki
Smallholder farmers make up the majority of agricultural land holders in Nepal, with most holding less than 0.5 hectares on average. A project aimed to boost the capacity and productivity of smallholder farmers through improving agricultural infrastructure, providing training and inputs, and promoting market-oriented and commercial farming. This led to increases in crop production and incomes, as farmers diversified from subsistence cereal crops to higher-value cash crops. The project also developed agricultural cooperatives and market information centers to connect farmers to markets, and supported youth employment through training in agro-processing. As a result, farmers were able to shift from subsistence to more commercial and profitable farming.
Geospatial Analysis of Irrigation Challenges and Opportunities in JharkhandAI Publications
Agriculture has been the principal livelihood alternative of mankind to begin stationary human development and water was of primary significance for field crops after soil. Customary watering of plants gave enlargement of homestead items, which lead to the introduction of the possibility of irrigation. Steadily the procedures of irrigation advanced from customary to present day with proper method of time diffused various pieces of the world. Irrigation is characterized as the counterfeit utilization of water to soil for consistently providing the dampness basic for plant development. It achieved in various ways by flooding, wrinkles, spreading, by applying water underneath the land surfaces by sub-irrigation. Irrigation is firmly identified with various physical and social viewpoints. Indian agriculture history goes back to certain centuries and Chakulia, has been rice bowl for Jharkhand. Ranchi is one of the most famous city and district of Jharkhand. From the goes back, the economy of the district was agrarian and irrigation was the parts and package of the livelihood of the general population. The present research has been completed dependent on issues and prospects of irrigation in the district. The prime goals of the study are I) Finding out the determinants of irrigation, ii) Examining the Spatio-worldly variety of irrigation, iii) Exposing the effect of irrigation on agriculture and economy of the rancher, iv) Identifying the issues identified with irrigation in the district and v) studying the irrigation accessibility both surface and ground water in the district.
Vertical farming: how could we take advantage of our vertical growth in Spain?Alex Rayón Jerez
The document discusses vertical farming as a solution to problems of population growth, climate change, and urbanization. It proposes taking advantage of vertical and dense urban growth in Spain through urban farming techniques like vertical farming. Vertical farming uses buildings and dense urban infrastructure to grow food locally in cities, which could help address issues of food security, resource use, and sustainability as the global population becomes increasingly urbanized.
The document discusses various forms of urban agriculture including rooftop gardens, vertical farming, aquaponics, hydroponics, community gardens, and peri-urban farming. Rooftop gardens provide environmental and economic benefits but have high initial costs. Vertical farming uses multi-story buildings to maximize crop yields within urban footprints. Aquaponics combines hydroponics with aquaculture in a symbiotic system. Urban agriculture helps address issues of food security, environmental sustainability, and social well-being in cities.
This document summarizes waste management practices in West Africa, using Nigeria as a case study. It finds that most West African countries rely on uncontrolled dumpsites and landfills for waste disposal. This poses environmental and health risks due to greenhouse gas emissions and water pollution. The document evaluates the potential for anaerobic digestion as an alternative. Anaerobic digestion produces biogas and fertilizer from organic waste, while controlling pollution. It calculates the net present value of a landfill in Nigeria, finding a negative value, suggesting anaerobic digestion may be more economically and environmentally sustainable for waste management and energy production in West Africa.
This document presents an IOT based vertical farming system. Vertical farming works on the principle of hydroponics, which is a method of growing plants without soil using mineral nutrient solutions. An IOT system is proposed that uses sensors like temperature, moisture, and pH sensors to monitor the environment and control factors like water levels, nutrients, and sprinklers using an Arduino and ESP8266. An IOT app called "Magical Garden" is presented that would allow monitoring and control of the vertical farm remotely. The system aims to achieve higher yields with shorter growth cycles while reducing resource usage compared to traditional farming.
Biochar, poverty and development: Opportunities, threats, social science age...STEPS Centre
Presentation by Melissa Leach, STEPS Centre at the Biogenic Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide workshop on 23 November, hosted by the Environmental Sustainability Knowledge Transfer Network.
This document summarizes a study on vertical farming. It defines vertical farming as producing food in vertically stacked layers indoors using controlled-environment agriculture. The global vertical farming market is expected to reach $9.9 billion by 2025. Key challenges for vertical farms include high labor costs, treating farming like a process, and not taking on too many initiatives. Leaders in vertical farming include General Hydroponics and Aerofarms. Examples of vertical farms profiled are in Canada, the US, and Asia.
Jatropha Curcas Oil Production and Local Development in MozambiqueZK8
This document summarizes a project in Mozambique that aims to use locally produced Jatropha curcas oil to power local diesel engines and generate income for small-scale farmers. The project has been running for three years in a low population density area with poor soils and limited economic opportunities. Initial challenges included agronomic issues like pest infestations from the golden flea beetle. Through research and farmer collaboration, the project has optimized planting techniques like using hedgerows. Current results indicate the system works technically and is socially acceptable and economically viable without subsidies. However, further research is still needed to fully understand yields, environmental impacts, and requirements for large-scale adoption.
Vertical Farming, also known as CEA (Controlled Environment Agriculture) refers to the practice of growing crops on vertically inclined surfaces and in vertically stacked layers.
This document discusses the concept of vertical farming as a solution to sustainably feed the growing global population. Vertical farms would grow crops in stacked layers inside buildings rather than horizontally across land. They use techniques like hydroponics and aeroponics to maximize yields. Some key benefits outlined include year-round local food production, reduced land and water usage, lower emissions from reduced transport, and protection from extreme weather. The document examines goals, considerations, limitations and case studies of potential vertical farm designs.
This ppt will help you in understanding what is vertical farming and hydroponics which I believe to be the future of agriculture in urban areas.
This presentation won me second prize at my college.Hope it helps you all.
Presented by IWMI's Ian W. Makin and Herath Manthrithilake at the INWEPF (The International Network for Water and Environment in the Paddy Field) Symposium 2015 Symposium held on November 3, 2015, in Negombo, Sri Lanka.
Kevin Litwiller - Director of Business Develoment for Lystek International presents the changing trends and landscape of wasterwater biosolids and residuals management. The key points made include:
1) We must view biosolids as a resource not waste
2) Agriculture 3.0 - a shift to small, family farms to much larger sophisticated operations - demands the nutrient rich, organic matter in biosolids be safely recycled to meet the needs of sustainability
3) Concerns about biosolids odours and pathogens are contributing to a shift toward advanced treatment/technologies - Class A Solutions
Bioenergy large scale agriculture investments in africa - food security pers...Global Water Partnership
1. The document discusses large scale investments in agriculture in Africa for food and biofuel crops, and how this can impact food security. It examines the opportunities and risks of growing non-food bioenergy crops as part of land use systems in sub-Saharan Africa.
2. The FAO's Bioenergy and Food Security approach is presented as a way to design sustainable bioenergy policies that contribute to agricultural development and food and energy security. Case studies of the approach in Tanzania, Malawi, and other countries are provided.
3. Key questions addressed include how multi-functional land use systems can promote both food and energy security, and the potential benefits of non-food bioenergy crops for sectors like income
The document discusses agricultural irrigation development in Burkina Faso. It notes that Burkina Faso has developed over 42,973 hectares of irrigated land as of 2013, up from 13,043 hectares in 2000. The irrigation techniques discussed include major irrigation schemes near dams covering over 1,000 hectares each, medium schemes from 20-100 hectares, and small-scale irrigation under 100 hectares using various water sources. Crops grown include rice as well as dry season gardening. The development of irrigated agriculture is aimed to increase food production and farmers' incomes in Burkina Faso.
Agricultural intensification, value chain development and human capacity stre...ILRI
This document discusses strategies for integrating agricultural intensification, value chain development, and human capacity strengthening. It outlines concepts like intensification and value chains. Global challenges are described like population growth and climate change. Integrated value chain, crop, and capacity development (IVCCD) is proposed to address issues in Africa like increasing food demand and land degradation. The document discusses partnership approaches, understanding local systems through assessments, research and development intervention options at different timescales and locations, documentation and scaling best practices, and communication strategies. Examples from projects in Ethiopia and East Africa illustrate integrated solutions and lessons learned around targeting farmers, evaluation, linking production to markets, and sustainability.
Indira Gandhi Institute for Development Studies(IGIDR), and the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) on
‘Harnessing Opportunities to Improve Agri-Food Systems’ on July 24-25 , 2014 in New Delhi.
The two day conference aims to discuss the agricultural priority of the government and develop a road map to realise these priorities for improved agri food systems.
Intensified Agriculture and its Merits and DemeritsSadia Rahat
Agriculture has intensified significantly over the past century due to population growth and industrialization. This intensification involved adopting mechanization, irrigation, fertilizers, pesticides, and high-yield crop varieties to boost productivity on existing farmland rather than expanding into new areas. While intensification increased food supply, it has also led to environmental issues like soil acidification, pollution from excess nutrients, and loss of biodiversity. Maintaining sustainable agricultural practices that balance productivity with environmental protection remains an ongoing challenge.
Briefing Paper_Agribusiness and Market Led Production_Bhakta KarkiBhakta Bahadur Karki
Smallholder farmers make up the majority of agricultural land holders in Nepal, with most holding less than 0.5 hectares on average. A project aimed to boost the capacity and productivity of smallholder farmers through improving agricultural infrastructure, providing training and inputs, and promoting market-oriented and commercial farming. This led to increases in crop production and incomes, as farmers diversified from subsistence cereal crops to higher-value cash crops. The project also developed agricultural cooperatives and market information centers to connect farmers to markets, and supported youth employment through training in agro-processing. As a result, farmers were able to shift from subsistence to more commercial and profitable farming.
Geospatial Analysis of Irrigation Challenges and Opportunities in JharkhandAI Publications
Agriculture has been the principal livelihood alternative of mankind to begin stationary human development and water was of primary significance for field crops after soil. Customary watering of plants gave enlargement of homestead items, which lead to the introduction of the possibility of irrigation. Steadily the procedures of irrigation advanced from customary to present day with proper method of time diffused various pieces of the world. Irrigation is characterized as the counterfeit utilization of water to soil for consistently providing the dampness basic for plant development. It achieved in various ways by flooding, wrinkles, spreading, by applying water underneath the land surfaces by sub-irrigation. Irrigation is firmly identified with various physical and social viewpoints. Indian agriculture history goes back to certain centuries and Chakulia, has been rice bowl for Jharkhand. Ranchi is one of the most famous city and district of Jharkhand. From the goes back, the economy of the district was agrarian and irrigation was the parts and package of the livelihood of the general population. The present research has been completed dependent on issues and prospects of irrigation in the district. The prime goals of the study are I) Finding out the determinants of irrigation, ii) Examining the Spatio-worldly variety of irrigation, iii) Exposing the effect of irrigation on agriculture and economy of the rancher, iv) Identifying the issues identified with irrigation in the district and v) studying the irrigation accessibility both surface and ground water in the district.
This document summarizes a study on using water resources in West Bengal, India for sustainable freshwater fish farming (pisciculture) to generate income. It discusses how pisciculture can utilize unused water bodies while maintaining ecological balance. The study focuses on the districts of Burdwan and Birbhum, examining their water resources, existing fish production, and potential for increased production and income through pisciculture. The objective is to develop a plan for sustainable water management and poverty reduction through fish farming.
This document provides an overview of agriculture in Bangladesh, outlining its current position, challenges, prospects, and relevant policies. It discusses the importance of agriculture to Bangladesh's economy and livelihoods. Some key challenges facing Bangladeshi agriculture are land scarcity, climate change impacts like flooding and drought, and lack of mechanization. The document also outlines strategies and policies to promote food security and adaptation to climate change through stress-tolerant crops and practices.
Building Climate Smart FARMERSThe Indian PerspectiveICARDA
Presented by
DR. KIRIT N SHELAT, I.A.S. (Rtd)
National Council for Climate Change, Sustainable Development and Public Leadership (NCCSD)
AHMEDABAD - INDIA
ICRISAT Big ideas for partnership portfoliocropreg
1. Smallholder farmers in dryland regions rely mainly on rainfed agriculture for their livelihoods. Climate change is increasing the risks they face from more variable rainfall patterns.
2. The document proposes several "Big Ideas" to improve rural livelihoods and promote climate resilience in these regions. These include developing climate resilient communities, sustainably managing natural resources using proven models, and breeding new drought-tolerant varieties of dryland cereals and grain legumes.
3. One proven model discussed is the Bhoochetana program from India, which achieved major increases in crop yields and agricultural incomes through soil and water conservation practices, use of improved seeds and fertilizers, and farmer training.
The document discusses the need for a second Green Revolution in India to boost agricultural productivity and address ongoing issues like low crop yields, overdependence on monsoon rains, small landholdings, and lack of infrastructure and market access. It proposes a model that focuses on soil testing, using high-quality seeds, organic fertilizer management, improved irrigation techniques, farmer training, food processing, and linking farmers to markets. The goal is to increase annual grain production to 400 million tons through sustainable agricultural practices.
1) Agriculture accounts for a large portion of employment in India but contribution to GDP is declining, so increased productivity is needed.
2) Low productivity is caused by issues like individualistic behavior of farmers, lack of infrastructure and extension services, and traditional farming methods.
3) Solutions proposed include improving extension services, increasing private investment, adopting new technologies and farming methods, developing supply chain infrastructure, and providing better irrigation and credit access.
Environmental Sustainability for Rural Development in IndiaAI Publications
Sustainable development is a debatable word today used in all development strategies and policy formulations.. The growth and development strategy must be people oriented, it must promote the living standard, reduce the gap between the rich and the poor and most importantly it should keep the environment intact otherwise the development is not going to sustain. The poor human life is more dependent on the environmental resources. Thus the development policy must keep strict eye on agriculture which is the mainstay of 75% people, human development and environment. In the light of the above backdrop , this paper made an attempt to examine the potential of rural development programmes to provide environmental benefits and also to Review six major schemes of rural development to understand their environmental impacts and highlight their potential to bring about incremental green benefits
This document summarizes a plan to rehabilitate the farming community of Dobdob in Negros Oriental, Philippines through organic agricultural practices. The goal is to make Dobdob the primary supplier of organic vegetables, fruits and eggs for Dumaguete City. Key aspects of the plan include introducing farmers to new organic technologies through training programs; establishing demonstration farms; building infrastructure like retort facilities; and conducting research on organic fertilizers, crop protection, and pasture management. The 10-year project aims to boost farmers' incomes, utilize idle lands, improve livelihoods, and achieve self-sufficiency in vegetable production for Dumaguete City. Monitoring progress and providing incentives to model farmers are part of evaluating the success
This document provides an overview of watershed management and related topics discussed in a horticulture course. It discusses:
1. Watershed management objectives like increasing food production, improving livelihoods, and protecting the environment.
2. Approaches to watershed development projects in India like the integrated approach, which aims to improve standards of living through development of land, water and plant resources, and the consortium approach emphasizing collective action.
3. Key components of watershed management including soil and water conservation, water harvesting, crop management, and alternate land use systems.
Farming in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province By Allah Dad Khan Mr.Allah Dad Khan
1) Agriculture is the largest sector of Pakistan's economy, contributing 21% to GDP and supporting 75% of the population. However, small farmers (<12.5 acres) make up 93.12% of farms and own 61.4% of farmland.
2) Rural poverty in Pakistan is high due to unequal land distribution. Small farmers in KPK struggle with low yields on subsistence farms and lack of irrigation, inputs, and skills.
3) proposed solutions include expanding irrigation, improving seed and fertilizer access, strengthening extension services, and promoting livestock, horticulture, and rural agro-processing to diversify livelihoods.
Presentation by Pramod Aggarwal at the 3rd Global Science Conference on Climate-Smart Agriculture in Montpellier.
Read more: http://ccafs.cgiar.org/3rd-global-science-conference-%E2%80%9Cclimate-smart-agriculture-2015%E2%80%9D#.VRurLUesXX4
1. Green jobs in sectors like agriculture, forestry, fisheries and renewable energy can help eradicate poverty by providing meaningful employment opportunities while protecting the environment. Nature-based jobs currently employ over 2.6 billion people worldwide.
2. Sustainable practices in agriculture, fisheries, aquaculture and ecosystem management not only protect natural resources but can significantly increase employment. For example, improving agricultural practices in Africa increased yields by 59-179% and reduced poverty by 7%, while sustainable fisheries provide processing, marketing and other jobs.
3. Recycling and renewable energy are growing sectors that employ many with low skills. Small and medium green businesses also increase access to clean energy and services while creating local
The document provides recommendations from a working group on agriculture research and education for India's 11th Five Year Plan from 2007-2012. Some of the key recommendations include:
1) Strengthening existing agricultural institutions and increasing investment in agricultural research and education to 1% of GDP from agriculture and allied sectors.
2) Launching nationwide programs for conservation of plant, animal, fish, and microorganism genetic resources.
3) Focusing research on developing new technologies like biotechnology, ICT, renewable energy technologies, and nanotechnology to enhance productivity sustainably.
4) Expediting the development of stress-tolerant varieties of rainfed crops through conventional and molecular breeding to benefit nearly 55%
This document provides a summary of 5 chapters from a report on watershed development in India.
Chapter 1 argues that increased investment in watershed programs is needed to meet India's food security demands by 2020. It proposes doubling current program budgets to Rs. 10,000 crores annually for 15 years through funds from watershed programs and the NREGS.
Chapter 2 outlines lessons learned on issues like participation, equity and groundwater management. It suggests reforms such as prioritizing drinking water, establishing women's councils and integrating livestock and sustainable agriculture.
Chapter 3 proposes restoring the role of village watershed committees but positioning them under gram panchayats to empower local governments while ensuring work gets done. It finds
Perspectives and prospects of second green revolution in Indian ContextPAJANCOA
This document discusses the history and perspectives of the Green Revolution in India and prospects for a Second Green Revolution. It notes that the original Green Revolution increased crop production but also degraded soils and the environment. A Second Green Revolution aims to sustainably increase yields through strategies like organic farming, drought/pest-resistant crops, empowering small farmers, and a focus on underdeveloped regions. It has the goal of sustainably feeding India's growing population through new technologies and more holistic agricultural development programs.
Small-scale irrigation techniques can effectively improve food security for vulnerable farmers in Africa by reducing reliance on rainfall. These techniques include motorized pumps, treadle pumps, and drip irrigation, with appropriate options chosen based on water access and community needs. For successful projects, participatory planning is needed along with training, maintenance support, and community management of shared irrigation resources.
This is a general presentation on WLE made by Andrew Noble for his trip to visit partners and donors in July 2014. Provides an overview of the WLE program and a number of examples of its work.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.tiwarimanvi3129
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
Recycling and Disposal on SWM Raymond Einyu pptxRayLetai1
Increasing urbanization, rural–urban migration, rising standards of living, and rapid development associated with population growth have resulted in increased solid waste generation by industrial, domestic and other activities in Nairobi City. It has been noted in other contexts too that increasing population, changing consumption patterns, economic development, changing income, urbanization and industrialization all contribute to the increased generation of waste.
With the increasing urban population in Kenya, which is estimated to be growing at a rate higher than that of the country’s general population, waste generation and management is already a major challenge. The industrialization and urbanization process in the country, dominated by one major city – Nairobi, which has around four times the population of the next largest urban centre (Mombasa) – has witnessed an exponential increase in the generation of solid waste. It is projected that by 2030, about 50 per cent of the Kenyan population will be urban.
Aim:
A healthy, safe, secure and sustainable solid waste management system fit for a world – class city.
Improve and protect the public health of Nairobi residents and visitors.
Ecological health, diversity and productivity and maximize resource recovery through the participatory approach.
Goals:
Build awareness and capacity for source separation as essential components of sustainable waste management.
Build new environmentally sound infrastructure and systems for safe disposal of residual waste and replacing current dumpsites which should be commissioned.
Current solid waste management situation:
The status.
Solid waste generation rate is at 2240 tones / day
collection efficiently is at about 50%.
Actors i.e. city authorities, CBO’s , private firms and self-disposal
Current SWM Situation in Nairobi City:
Solid waste generation – collection – dumping
Good Practices:
• Separation – recycling – marketing.
• Open dumpsite dandora dump site through public education on source separation of waste, of which the situation can be reversed.
• Nairobi is one of the C40 cities in this respect , various actors in the solid waste management space have adopted a variety of technologies to reduce short lived climate pollutants including source separation , recycling , marketing of the recycled products.
• Through the network, it should expect to benefit from expertise of the different actors in the network in terms of applicable technologies and practices in reducing the short-lived climate pollutants.
Good practices:
Despite the dismal collection of solid waste in Nairobi city, there are practices and activities of informal actors (CBOs, CBO-SACCOs and yard shop operators) and other formal industrial actors on solid waste collection, recycling and waste reduction.
Practices and activities of these actor groups are viewed as innovations with the potential to change the way solid waste is handled.
CHALLENGES:
• Resource Allocation.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
2. Report on A Biotechnological Intervention in Barren Lands of Gopiballavpur I Block of
Paschim Medinipur for Sustainable Livelihood of Tribal People
International Mass Awareness Programme A | P a g e
Executive Summary
o make 25 acres of fallow land fertile and productive within 10 months by systematically
adding humus to the soil, building of infrastructure (irrigation, electricity, training centre &
communication tools), generation of livelihood, initiation of a new cash crop, introduction of a
Rural Laboratory and creation of skilled human resources & creation of purchasing power ---- all in a
comparatively low investment. It has been possible as the concept of Rural Biotechnology has been
scientifically introduced and practised properly.
The Project was proposed to develop a Prototype of utilization of barren land with the intervention
of Biotechnological Methods for sustainable livelihood of Tribal People with the introduction of
Organized Lac (shellac) Farming, which is being promoted only by the Department of Biotechnology.
These tribal people do not have any skill in any trade and lives only on income from the forest fringe
produce. Moreover, as the area is devoid of basic economic infrastructure, it required specific Low
Cost Techniques & Interventions which normal agricultural practices and methodologies cannot
offer. But it was made possible through biotechnological interventions --- by choosing a new crop &
using bio-elements to make it stable. The following points are the ramifications of utilizing the
concept of Rural Biotechnology for the amelioration of tribal people.
Economic Benefits : The soil analysis report on July, 2012 of this piece of 25 acres of cultivable
waste land stated that it was virtually impossible ( thanks to the cost of chemical fertilizer &
pesticides in the prescribed volume) to initiate any regular yield from this land. Within a span of less
than 10 months, using Bio-fertilizers, the land is as green as a crop field in rainy season yielding a
variety of produces and it remains the same withstanding the high temperature (up to 48 degree
Celsius) of this part. Therefore, this piece of wasteland is getting converted to a fertile land. The
comparative calculation of shadow prices (both in short run & in long run) between a waste land and
a productive land will naturally go in favour of the latter.
Participation in Global Market: As the output of this Project, Lac – the natural resin, is globally
linked, this remote area is being economically accessed locally in the short run and in the long run,
surely globally. Naturally, This Block has been experiencing the emergence of a new cash crop which
was never in the crop-map of this arid zone of the District and learning the production of a cash crop
in an altogether new method of farming
Social Investments: If a part of the Grant received is considered as a direct investment on land, the
said wasteland has been converting to a productive land and will remain productive in the future
years, if the support continues for a couple of years, generating income and employment as well .
This achievement is tantamount to creation of a capital asset which will appreciate continuously
instead of other depreciating capital assets.
Rural Laboratory : Introduction of a Rural Laboratory in the said area has created a new concept to
accept biotechnological interventions in alternative livelihood programme. It is another capital asset
that has already been created from the said Grant.
T
3. Report on A Biotechnological Intervention in Barren Lands of Gopiballavpur I Block of
Paschim Medinipur for Sustainable Livelihood of Tribal People
International Mass Awareness Programme B | P a g e
Skilled Human resource Creation : The other parts of the Grant has started creating a set of Skilled
Human Resources , to whom there was no available way to learn any technique of scientific
production. If we could try to skill these set of human resource in a formal way, it would cost more
and in that sense it is a major saving in the cost of generating skill.
Income & Employment Generation: Though a long run concept, this Project has a specific pattern
and target to link it with the global market, it involves a number of steps and each step is bound to
generate employment initially in the form of wages. During the 17 months tenure of the project, the
regular employment generation and wage earning, which was absent before, has made a small
change in the life of the local inhabitants --- a market has emerged in the locality which runs twice a
week and it proves that the Forward Linkage ----- an ingredient of growth index has started working.
Total Person-days generated from April, 12 to August 13 is 26703. It is noted that participation of
women in on-field work is 55%, while male workers contributed 45%.
Sustainable Livelihood: Before this initiative, there has not been any long term Government
Programme which may help the participants to enter into a regular income- generating process and
for that reason, unlike sporadic & seasonal initiatives, the concept and impact of sustainability are
believable to the participants as they understand that the output is saleable, locally and globally ,
which in turn will reduce the insecurity in earning livelihood, from which they have been suffering
generations together.
4. Report on A Biotechnological Intervention in Barren Lands of Gopiballavpur I Block of
Paschim Medinipur for Sustainable Livelihood of Tribal People
International Mass Awareness Programme 2 | P a g e
Project at a Glance
The Arid Backdrop & the Initiative
1. Location Dhansol (JL no.235) & Chitamatia (JL no.387) Mouza , Gopiballavpur I Dev,
Block, , Paschim Medinipur
2. Soil Character So far no crop has been raised. Soil Testing report reveals that the soil
contains very low productivity
3. Demography in Brief 100% Tribal BPL population having no means of sustainable livelihood.
4. Concept Note Utilize the barren land for Organized Lac Farming.
5. Total Area in Operation 25 Acres
6. Legal Status of the Land Belongs to 34 Tribal BPL Land-owner
7. Funding Agency Department of Biotechnology, Govt. of West Bengal
8. Name of the Project A Biotechnological Intervention in Barren Lands of Gopiballavpur I Block of
Paschim Medinipur for Sustainable Livelihood of Tribal People
9. Christened The Green Promise
10. Implementing Agency International Mass Awareness Programme ( iMAP)
11. Order no 586/(Sanc.)-BT(Estt.)/RD-16/11.
The Progress & Achievement Indices
Sl . N0 Activity List Initiation Date Target Date Detail / Page No
1. Executive Summary A -B
2. The Arid backdrop 3
3. Orientation April,2012 April,2012 4
4. The Nursery Making April,2012 April, 2012 5
5. Setting Up of Office April,2012 April, 2012 6
6. Soil Preparation , Water
Source ,& Fencing
April-July, 2012 April-June, 2012 7-8
7. Plantation August, 2012 August, 2012 9
8. The Growth Sept –Dec., 2012 10-11
9. Plants in the Field As on Aug,13 1,25.000
10. Average Plant Height As on Aug,13 4.5 to 5 ft
11. Hon’ble MIC on the Field January & March,13 12
12. Two Inoculations March & July, 2013 13
13. Setting up of Laboratory July,13 January,13 14
14. Person –Days generated April, 12 to Aug, 13 26,703 15
15. Social Cost Benefit Analysis 16-18
5. Report on A Biotechnological Intervention in Barren Lands of Gopiballavpur I Block of
Paschim Medinipur for Sustainable Livelihood of Tribal People
International Mass Awareness Programme 3 | P a g e
The Arid Backdrop : April, 2012
“The soils are very strong acidic in nature ranged from 4.28 to 4.85. The organic matter contents
are also very low varied from 0.22 to 0. 44%(i.e.<0.5%). Nitrogen level are low (i.e. <280 kg/ha)
and Phosphate level are low to Medium (i.e. < 45 kg / ha. =low and between 45 to 92 kg / ha =
Medium). All the Soils are low in respect to Potassium (i.e. < 150 kg/ha).”
[Excerpt from the Soil Analysis report of the 25 acres of arid land of Gopiballavpur 1 Dev. Block, on
which the present Project is being built. This report was prepared By Vivekananda Institute of
Biotechnology, Nimpith, South 24-Parganas in the month of July, 2012. ]
The Gopiballavpur 1 Dev. Block of Paschim Medinipur appears to be a nice place with
Subarnarekha River nearby, temples around and moderate eateries. However, the immediate
outskirt of this small township is the Jangalmahal, predominantly a tribal population belt. Lands
here are sterile as the soil is highly acidic and arid as there is hardly any continuous water
source. Naturally, no systematic food crop can be grown, forget about any cash crop! Since
independence, these Tribal people
of Jangalmahal have been
surviving as an apology of human
existence having no perception of
modern world, its technology, skill
and specialization. They are always
afraid to believe that twice meal a
day can be earned and sceptically
confused about their existence.
In this backdrop of poor resource
economy, both in terms of natural
and human resource, the project is
being developed with the
introduction of Biotechnological Methods. These methods not only reclaimed a very tiny
portion of such a vast stretch of fallow land, but made it productive with the introduction of a
new Cash Crop along with other crops. The essence of the Project is to snatch a Livelihood
Programme from the hectares of barren lands on which these people are supposed to live.
1 .A Portion of the land on which the Project started. 2. The Normal Dwelling Places at Chitamatia Mouza
1
2
6. Report on A Biotechnological Intervention in Barren Lands of Gopiballavpur I Block of
Paschim Medinipur for Sustainable Livelihood of Tribal People
International Mass Awareness Programme 4 | P a g e
The Orientation : Since April, 2012
The success of any Project or Programme lies
in its proper prelude and orientation. The
concept of Organised Lac Cultivation being a
new concept to the land and the people of this
area, special care was taken to introduce it to
the beneficiaries so that they can understand
and accept it for their long-term benefit, i.e.
earning a
sustainable
livelihood from this new form of commercial cultivation.
The trainees consisted of the owners of the land
earmarked for this project along with the local landless
farmers and agricultural labourers. The Orientation
Programme was
organised at the
Office of the IMAP,
a rented house of Saria-Kendugari LAMPS, at Dhansole.
Considering the poor literacy profile of the people of
this area, more emphasis was given on the practical
aspects of this cultivation.
Trainers from IMAP shared their hands-on experience
with the trainees and discussed with them the different
stages of the cultivation process and its commercial aspects. Not only different stages of Lac
cultivation, but on other crops & vegetables introduced as
inter-cropping in the field.
These interactive sessions in different stages proved
immensely beneficial. As one of the main targets of this
exercise is to create a set of skilled human resources, this
endeavour of training and orientation fall in the line of
developing such resources and in the following narration, it
will be understood that how these unskilled human
resources have been trying to cope up with a modern production technique. The trainees
asked different questions regarding each stage of the
cultivation and the possible return from it and the
experts from IMAP & IINRG, Ranchi, answered all their
queries .The confidence achieved by the trainees from
this programme ensured accomplishment in the days
to come. 1. Training on basics of Nursery 2 The Way to Create an
Organised Field.3. Orientation on Field Preparation .4. How to Mix Soil
for Nursery 5.The Techniques of Preparation of Pots
1
4
5
2
7. Report on A Biotechnological Intervention in Barren Lands of Gopiballavpur I Block of
Paschim Medinipur for Sustainable Livelihood of Tribal People
International Mass Awareness Programme 5 | P a g e
Making of Nursery , April to July,12
Nursery is the backbone of any cultivation
programme. Under this project, the nursery was
maintained with utmost care. The nursery
workers were thoroughly briefed about the
growth pattern and time required for the
Flemingia Semialata seeds to germinate. In this
respect, special mention should be made of the
women workers, who comprised almost 70% of the total work force in nursery making.
Seeds of the Lac host plant
Flemingia Semialata were
procured for germination.
Thatched shades were made to
avoid direct heat of the sunrays
for the seedlings.
It was decided that the
seedlings will be raised in
polythene bags, specially made
for this purpose. The nursery
was conceived to be made to host 2 Lakh saplings. After the water was made available, the
following step was to fill the polythene bags with soil. The soil was a blend of god earth and
cow dung to ensure speedy
germination and healthy growth of
the host plant.
The scientific approach to build the
nursery that is use of water
resource, labour force, Bio-
fertilizers, insecticides and
supervision proved successful. The
Semialata seeds germinated well
and showed signs of healthy
growth.
We could overcome the basic fear of sterility of this soil. Two Lakhs Plants in an organized
farming has never been recorded in the history of Gopiballavpur 1. The saplings of this plant
at the Nursery heralded a new era of commercial
cultivation in this arid area.
The host of activities beginning with the nursery
made the local people aware of the prospects of the
Project and the silver line of sustainable livelihood
for them. Not only raising the host-plant, nursery for
papaya, tomato, brinjal and other vegetables. This, in
turn, resulted in a greater participation of the local
mass in the Project. Different Steps: Soil Preparation,
Filling the Polythene bags, Sowing & Saplings
8. Report on A Biotechnological Intervention in Barren Lands of Gopiballavpur I Block of
Paschim Medinipur for Sustainable Livelihood of Tribal People
International Mass Awareness Programme 6 | P a g e
Setting Up of Office, April, 2012
Now that the activities started taking shape, a
permanent office of IMAP was a necessity. The
Project members required an equipped office
for their routine administrative work of the
Project like maintaining the attendance
register, labour payment register, stock books
etc. However, it was the most difficult task to
accomplish, because an organized office in
such a desolate place is virtually a dream.
Thanks to S K LAMPS that rented a building of
their own to host the office. The office was set
near the nursery and adjacent to the field so
that supervision, monitoring and training can
be conducted.
Therefore, in the month of April, 2012 the office of the Project Green Promise was set up at
the premise of the Saria Kendugari LAMPS. The office is well furnished and equipped with
computer and other
required furniture and
fixtures including the
facility of a conference
room. The core team
of IMAP, comprising
Office Manager, and
Production Super-
visors, Office Assis-
tants, Accountants and
Night Guards regularly
attend this office.
Not only that, the supervisors are permanently stationed at the office i.e. they stay in the
premise. This arrangement has been made to manage the details of the Project round the
clock. As the concept and the farming method are new to the local people, there is the
need for constant supervision and
guidance. The farmers and the field
workers often have queries about the
plants and their care and that is why, the
super-visors have been stationed perm-
anently to provide 24 hour helpline to
them.
Moreover, to conduct the Training
Programme & make the local people
aware of what has been happening
around the world, a Cable Connection, a
Projector and a screen was set up.
9. Report on A Biotechnological Intervention in Barren Lands of Gopiballavpur I Block of
Paschim Medinipur for Sustainable Livelihood of Tribal People
International Mass Awareness Programme 7 | P a g e
Soil Preparation , Fencing & Exploring Water , April to July ,2012
The nursery showed signs of green growth. However, the most important part of the Project
was yet to begin. The soil of this arid area had to be prepared for the cultivation. One part of
the land never raises any crop, not even weeds while the other part was happy to have
shrubs and bushes, spotted with termite-mounts. To initiate the Plantation within August, 2012,
we had to work simultaneously for Soil Preparation,
Fencing of the entire Area and to organise water
resources.
As the Project took off comparatively late, as late as
April, 2012, all these variables had to fall into pieces
so that the time-schedule can be maintained.
However, the first priority was to correct the land
status and to find correctional measures. Before
taking any measure, all initiatives were taken to test
the soil in the laboratory to know its nature and
fertility status.
The entire plot was divided into 40 parts and soil
samples were collected from each 10 part making a
group. The samples were sent to the Vivekananda
Institute of Biotechnology at Nimpith, South 24
Parganas. The soil was tested and Dr S.K. Si, the Soil
Scientist & In-Charge of the laboratory made his
recommendations while Dr N.K. Saha, retired
Additional Director, of Department of
Agriculture, Government of West Bengal was
also consulted by IMAP for his expert opinion.
Both the experts opined that the fertility of
soil of all these plots were very low and
suggested a number of measures to treat it.
Keeping the experts’ advice in mind, IMAP
treated the soil in an altogether different way
utilizing its experience of working in the 25
acres of sterile soil of Garhbeta III Dev. Block.
1, 2 & 4. Different Stages of Land Preparation 3. The Joint
Secretary, Dept of Biotechnology is inspecting the Fencing
3
4
1 2
10. Report on A Biotechnological Intervention in Barren Lands of Gopiballavpur I Block of
Paschim Medinipur for Sustainable Livelihood of Tribal People
International Mass Awareness Programme 8 | P a g e
First, JCB, tractors and
rotors followed by
application of
moderate amount of
cow dung, good earth,
lime and bio-fertilizers
did the tilling of land.
The most complicated
was to tackle the
termite problem with
bio-insecticides. The
Neem-cakes & other
local products of Neem were used. However, what we
could not do is
to arrange a
green manure and pre-plantation cropping of
minor yields so that we could test the efficacy of
the application of the different nutrients to this
barren soil. This could tell us what component of
the soil was still lacking.
Here also, the same treatment what we did at
Garhbeta Project was applied and in the following
days, it was proved enormously beneficial. The
total character of the soil was changed from sterile
to fertile.
Simultaneously, the quest for exploring water
resources & fencing continued. IMAP took the
help of consultants of IIT, Kharagpur to conduct
the Electrical Resistivity Test for Ground Water so
that false boring can be avoided and proper ground water
table can be located. While, erecting so many concrete poles
and special iron wiring to protect the effort took more time
than that was envisaged and it continues almost until the time
of Plantation.
1.Liming the Field
2. Digging Holes for
plantation 3.
Arrangements for
exploring water
resources 4. Sri P K
Mal & Dr N k Saha
on field inspection.
5. The First
underground
Water in the field.
1
3
2
4
5
11. Report on A Biotechnological Intervention in Barren Lands of Gopiballavpur I Block of
Paschim Medinipur for Sustainable Livelihood of Tribal People
International Mass Awareness Programme 9 | P a g e
Plantation , Aug ,2012
The major activities began.
The simultaneous working
of raising the plants in the
nursery to a certain height,
preparing the soil in the
field, making arrangements
for fencing, exploring the
second source of water in the field --- all these piecemeal activities has now come to a
common point of concentration.
Now the barren field is ready to host the new saplings.
However, we failed to use the blessings of first monsoon and
testing the efficacy of soil with the introduction of certain other
varieties of crop due to the non-availability of water in the
field. If we could do
that, we could be surer
about the survival &
growth of the plant.
The Plantation started
in the month of July
and ended in the early
August. In the first
phase, due to abnormal
heat and dearth of
water, 12000 plants died in the field, but we were
not afraid. We changed the plantation technique so
that we can watch the resilience of the plants and
the response of the soil. Thanks to the second
blessings of monsoon and the workings of the
second submersible pump in the field, we could plant 1, 25,000 saplings in the field.
Within a month, the arid land turned green. Now the real battle started. It was a battle of
turning the cruelties of nature to its bounties with human intervention. The soil, which had
never produced even weeds, becomes the cradle of 125000 saplings. Each day started with
a host of problems. The saplings were so delicate and the soil is so hard that it was always
difficult to use the normal set
of precautionary measures of
raising the plants. However,
our continuous efforts,
teamwork and involvement
finally settled the plant in the
field. 1.The Plantation.
2 &3 Carrying Plants from Nursery to
the field
4.The plants in the field in
September,,2012
1
2
4
3
12. Report on A Biotechnological Intervention in Barren Lands of Gopiballavpur I Block of
Paschim Medinipur for Sustainable Livelihood of Tribal People
International Mass Awareness Programme 10 | P a g e
The Growth , September to December ,2012
The arid land stated responding slowly. The
long infertility of land and the absence of any
chemical fertilizer made the progress slow and
tumbling. This slow progress in the growth of
the plants summoned another crate of issues,
the dimensions of which were so alarming that
they needed special attention.
We knew that this soil will require more water
and nutrients. The project had the water
resource ready, but did not have the proper
electricity connection. Moreover, the problem
of termites and other pests were menacing due
to the close by forest. As we did not use any
chemical fertiliser, the problem of tackling these issues were larger
than that was envisaged.
Thanks to the poor humus content of the soil along with
unfavourable ph balance and absence of other micronutrients
required for plant growth, we decided to treat the soil with Bio-
fertilizers, so that, the soil gradually gains its health and fertility. We
knew that, this technology is not conventional to reclaim fallow or
cultivable waste, but tried to introduce the same from the very
beginning to understand how far this much debated method of
using bio-fertiliser approach. The normal practice is to introduce
chemical fertilizers and then replace them with Bio-fertilizers.
However, the problems have been taken care of with continuous
improvisations. It is to be noted, that the innovative methods to
distract pests rewarded us with the plantation of brinjal, tomato,
green chilli, papaya & banana trees. 1250 banana trees and 2076
1.The Growth. 2,3&4 The intercropping.
1
2 3
4
13. Report on A Biotechnological Intervention in Barren Lands of Gopiballavpur I Block of
Paschim Medinipur for Sustainable Livelihood of Tribal People
International Mass Awareness Programme 11 | P a g e
papaya trees were
planted during this
period.
In the beginning of
November, 2012, we
requested Dr K. K.
Kumar, Former Director
of IINRG, Ranchi to visit
the field and suggest
how we can increase
the growth of these
huge plantations. He
opined that, as we have
been trying to enrich the soil, it will take time, but will yield durable results in future. We
have to wait longer than the required time. That implies that the January, 2013 inoculation
may be late. However, the plants slowly started responding in the late December of 2012.
Simultaneously, the pests were also started attacking the new foliages. To distract them,
several other plants were placed in and around
the plantation in the form of both intercropping
and fixed cropping. Most important among
them is Banana plantation. As the Banana trees
stated growing, it worked as a buffer between
termites & other plantation. While the
simultaneous growth of papaya and pointed
gourd being medicinal plants helped prevent to
a large extent to control pests.
Along with this new technique of plantation,
the use of Neem-Cakes and spraying of extract
of Neem supported the endeavour of
controlling pests and bio-fertilisers like compost and vermin-compost becomes the source
of micro-nutrients to the soil.
The entire effort of using Biotechnology , from micro-nutrients to pest control, for
reclamation of cultivable waste to make it productive becomes a very challenging but
rewarding journey.
1.Dr. K . K. Kumar, Former Director, IINRG ( Ranchi) watching the growth of the Semialata Plants. 2. A Glimpse of
Banana field in the month of November, 12. 3. The growth of Papaya plantation in the month of November, 12
1
3
2
14. Report on A Biotechnological Intervention in Barren Lands of Gopiballavpur I Block of
Paschim Medinipur for Sustainable Livelihood of Tribal People
International Mass Awareness Programme 12 | P a g e
The Hon’ble MIC on the Field , January & March ,2013
On 12 January, 2013 the Honourable Minister visited both the
Gopiballavpur Project and the Garhbeta III Project and expressed
his satisfaction. The tribal people of Gopiballavpur 1 Dev. Block
and especially those who are associated with this Project extended
a very warm welcome and the Honourable Minister paid a patient
hearing to the problems.
In pursuance to this visit, he expressed his willingness to hold a
Green Fest in the month of March, 2013 in the vicinity of the
Project area. The target of the fest was to make these tribal people
aware of the fruitful greenery as he noticed that this area has scarcely any fruit bearing tree.
This thinking was very cordially appreciated by the local people that the Honourable
Minister has thought about their health as well as the greenery.
The Green Fest was a great success with the participation of around 3000 tribal people
along with the presence of the Managing Director of West Bengal Biotech Development
Corporation Ltd, SDO Jhargram, PS to MIC and BDO, Gopiballavpur 1 Dev. Block. Five
troupes of Tribal Dancers
having 125 participants
greeted the Honourable
Minister and the Festival
was marked by the
distribution of 5000
saplings of fruit bearing
trees to the members of
50 Self help Groups.
1.&2 the Hon’ble MIC on the Field
in January,2013
3. The Hon’ble MIC at the Green
Fest in March,2013
1
2
3
15. Report on A Biotechnological Intervention in Barren Lands of Gopiballavpur I Block of
Paschim Medinipur for Sustainable Livelihood of Tribal People
International Mass Awareness Programme 13 | P a g e
Two Inoculations : March & July ,2013
Inoculation is the crescendo of Lac cultivation,
especially on Semialata as host plant. Moreover, the
main target of this endeavour lies in the fact that to
bring the Lac cultivation under organised farming,
which so far, nationally nowhere has been done in
such a large scale. Here both the angles--- the
number of plants and to make these plants able to
host ----- are important. As on date, there are a
number of probabilities of not getting matured
plant in right time when may we call it matured
and even after that why the inoculation has not
been successful.
The theoretical
impasse is, if in
the first year,
inoculation on
Semialata fails, we
wash out our
hands by saying
that the plants
were immature.
On the other
hand, if the inoculation is good, we take credit that we were able
to grow the plants to maturity in such a short time. Precisely,
there is no recognised national index and the national apex body,
Indian Institute of Natural Resins & Gums (IINRG), Ranchi, is
unable to provide any palpable guideline. Modestly, the Dept of
Biotechnology, Govt. of West Bengal has more data and research
experience in this regard than anyone else in the country.
However, in January, 2013, we thought that all the 125000 plants were not ready to host due to
the paucity of soil ingredients. Instead of full inoculation, we inoculated only 50,000 plants and
that also on a rotational basis. Moreover, we were advised by the IINRG, Ranchi, to make use of
a late inoculation at March, 2013 to check the resilience of the plants. The seed was Unofficially
Checked by the Principal scientist,
IINRG and we paid a premium as there
was high demand. However, the
inoculation failed and the reason was
still unknown to IINRG as the report is
yet to emerge despite the presence of
its senior scientists on the field.
However, we again inoculated 85000
plants in July, 2013. The progress is so
far reasonable.
1.Dr Ajay Bhattacharyea, Principal Scientist,
IINRG, inspecting the inoculation --March,13
2, 3&4. The July,13 Inoculation
1
2
3
4
16. Report on A Biotechnological Intervention in Barren Lands of Gopiballavpur I Block of
Paschim Medinipur for Sustainable Livelihood of Tribal People
International Mass Awareness Programme 14 | P a g e
Setting up of Laboratory, July,13
To impart a scientific disposition in the project
and so also beneficiaries, it was proposed that
a laboratory equipped with modern
instruments would be set up at the project site
of Gopiballavpur I Dev Block. Such a laboratory
would be developed primarily for soil testing,
pathology and entomology. Tissue culture &
other biotechnological experimentations will
also be rendered at a later stage.
It may be appreciated that to develop such a laboratory in such a remote place is very
difficult mission to accomplish. However, with constant persuasion the laboratory was set up
with the soil testing facilities. It has started working by percolating the message to the
farmers that why should they test the soil and what would be the benefits to use Bio-
fertilizers of different kind. This lab will serve the need of at least 100 rural villages around.
The nearest such laboratory
equipped for general
analysis exists at Medinipur
town which is far away
(about 80 km) having
limited access to general
people. The setting up of
such a laboratory will no
doubt bring a total new
dimension in the projects of
rural biotechnology and will
adequately sensitize the
rural masses around regarding rational and scientific way of looking at agriculture and
especially the intervention of biotechnology in this field for accelerating the growth &
development, which they severely lack. In the future, it may become a model of propagation
of rural biotechnology to the tillers of the soil.
The laboratory building. 2 The orientation.
3 &4. Different parts of the Laboratory
1
2
3
4
17. Report on A Biotechnological Intervention in Barren Lands of Gopiballavpur I Block of
Paschim Medinipur for Sustainable Livelihood of Tribal People
International Mass Awareness Programme 15 | P a g e
Employment Generation : Person- Days Generated (April,12 to Aug,13)
Activities Total Male (%) Female (%)
Nursery Making 1985 431 22 1554 78
Soil Preparation 2070 1354 65 716 35
Plantation 6406 2201 35 4205 65
Inoculation 2845 1159 41 1686 59
Harvesting 647 312 48 335 52
Post Plantation 3496 2368 68 1128 32
Office & Maintenance 9254 9254 100
Total 26703 17079 9624
18. Report on A Biotechnological Intervention in Barren Lands of Gopiballavpur I Block of
Paschim Medinipur for Sustainable Livelihood of Tribal People
International Mass Awareness Programme 16 | P a g e
Social Cost- Benefit Analysis
The Project was proposed to develop a Prototype of utilization of barren land with the
intervention of Biotechnological Methods for sustainable livelihood of Tribal People who
does not have any skill in any trade and lives only on income from forest. Moreover, as the
area is devoid of basic economic infrastructure, it required specific techniques &
interventions which normal agricultural practices and methodologies cannot offer.
Naturally, the primary determinants of this Social Cost Benefit Analysis will rest on following
counts based on UNIDO approach.
1. Economic benefits of the project in terms of ‘shadow prices’ : The value of land has
been increased due to the increment in quality
a. This piece of 25 acres of cultivable waste land was in existence from time
immemorial and owners of the said land was used to own it for generations together
without yielding any crop or utilizing it in any way. The entire land having a highly
uneven contour was filled with shrubs and bushes, spotted with termite- mounts
and became rest house of snakes and breeding ground of school of scorpions. The
soil was red and laterite, as very common to Paschimanchal, full of grit and gravel. As
there is no regular source of water and the soil has very poor capacity to retain
water, the land was deemed as waste having neither any market value nor any
alternative economic use as the infrastructural facilities were virtually non-existent.
The soil analysis report July, 12 also stated that it was virtually impossible to initiate
any regular yield from this land.
b. Within a span of less than 10 months (as the Project took off in the month of April,
2012and plantation was completed in August, 12), the land is as green as a crop field
in rainy season yielding a variety of produces and it remains the same withstanding
the high temperature (up to 48 degree Celsius) of this part.
c. Therefore, this piece of wasteland has been converted to a productive land. If we
make a comparative calculation of shadow prices between a waste land and a
productive land, the basic economic benefit in real term prices may be assigned.
Parameters July,12 Sep, 13 Std value
pH 4.63 5.5 6.5 - 7.5
EC 0.05 0.08 0.1 - 0.9
OC(%) 0.28 0.63 > 0.8
P2O5
(kg/ha)
59.2 66.47 > 92
K2O (kg/ha) 99.35 121.16 > 200
N (kg/ha) 234.53 254.21 > 280
19. Report on A Biotechnological Intervention in Barren Lands of Gopiballavpur I Block of
Paschim Medinipur for Sustainable Livelihood of Tribal People
International Mass Awareness Programme 17 | P a g e
2. The impact of the project on the level of savings and investments in the society
Creation of Appreciated Capital Asset
a. If we consider a part of the Grant received so far as a direct investment on land, the
said wasteland has been converted to a productive land and it will remain there and
will make productions in the future years generating income and employment as
well . This is equal to creation of a capital asset which will appreciate continuously
instead of other depreciating capital assets.
b. Introduction of a Rural Laboratory in the said area has created a new concept to
accept biotechnological interventions in alternative livelihood programme. It is
another capital asset that has already been created from the said Grant.
c. The other parts of the Grant has started creating a set of skilled Human resources ,
to whom there was no available way to learn any technique of scientific production.
If we could try to skill these set of human resource in a formal way, it would cost
more and in that sense it is a major saving in the cost of generating skill.
3. The impact of the project on the distribution of income in the society
a. The income distribution concept is basically a long run one and it is accepted that
percolation of income to the bottom of the economic strata needs time and
continuous support from the top for a considerable period in a specific pattern. As
this Project has a specific pattern and target to link it with the market, it involves a
number of steps and each step is bound to generate employment initially in the form
of wages.
b. During the 17 months tenure of the project, the regular employment generation and
wage earning has made a small change in the life of the local inhabitants --- a market
has emerged in the locality which runs twice a week.
c. The regular wage-earning has installed a specific expenditure pattern, otherwise the
market would not be created. Moreover, this hands-on Programme has made them
aware that this Project will survive and the output that has been generated will give
them an economic mileage.
4. The contribution of the project towards the fulfillment of certain merit wants
Self- sufficiency, employment, market-economy.
a. Before this initiative, there has not been any long term Government Programme
which may help the participants to enter into a regular income -generating process
and for that reason,
sporadic & seasonal
initiatives were unable
to cast the concept and
impact of sustainability.
If the recipient does not
believe in the concept
of sustainability, it
becomes difficult to
install such a
Programme.
This new market at Dhansol has
emerged.
20. Report on A Biotechnological Intervention in Barren Lands of Gopiballavpur I Block of
Paschim Medinipur for Sustainable Livelihood of Tribal People
International Mass Awareness Programme 18 | P a g e
b. In this Project, as the output is globally linked, it is appreciated and believed by the
participants that once the Production mechanism is installed, there is market and
they are able to participate in that market. The insecurity in earning livelihood is, in
near future, will be less as it was in the last year.
c. Last, but most encouraging is, this Block has been experiencing the emergence of a
new cash crop which was never in the crop-map of this arid zone of the District.
Moreover, the Block has been learning the production of a crop which has a
continuously increasing global market in an altogether new method of farming.
d. Agriculture cannot be a feasible alternative of livelihood -- this was the saying in
Jangal Mahal , but Biotechnology proved and percolated the message that no adage
is forever, it can be changed and commoners can share the benefit of such
changes.