Google has released many algorithm updates to combat web spam over the years:
- Updates like Panda and Penguin specifically target low-quality sites, thin content sites, and sites engaging in unethical SEO practices like link spamming.
- Other updates like Caffeine and Social Signals aim to incorporate more authoritative signals like social media mentions and site freshness to improve results.
- Google's goal is to balance economic incentives for spammers by keeping costs high for manipulation, while continually adapting their algorithms to mitigate new spam tactics.
International conference On Computer Science And technologyanchalsinghdm
ICGCET 2019 | 5th International Conference on Green Computing and Engineering Technologies. The conference will be held on 7th September - 9th September 2019 in Morocco. International Conference On Engineering Technology
The conference aims to promote the work of researchers, scientists, engineers and students from across the world on advancement in electronic and computer systems.
CONTENT AND USER CLICK BASED PAGE RANKING FOR IMPROVED WEB INFORMATION RETRIEVALijcsa
Search engines today are retrieving more than a few thousand web pages for a single query, most of which
are irrelevant. Listing results according to user needs is, therefore, a very real necessity. The challenge lies
in ordering retrieved pages and presenting them to users in line with their interests. Search engines,
therefore, utilize page rank algorithms to analyze and re-rank search results according to the relevance of
the user’s query by estimating (over the web) the importance of a web page. The proposed work
investigates web page ranking methods and recently-developed improvements in web page ranking.
Further, a new content-based web page rank technique is also proposed for implementation. The proposed
technique finds out how important a particular web page is by evaluating the data a user has clicked on, as
well as the contents available on these web pages. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed
page ranking technique and its efficiency.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
The document presents a taxonomy of web spamming techniques used to mislead search engines into ranking certain pages higher in search results. It discusses techniques like term spamming, which involves optimizing text fields like titles, meta tags, and anchor text to increase relevance for targeted queries. It also covers link spamming techniques, where spammers create link structures to influence importance scores. The taxonomy is intended to help researchers understand spamming methods in order to develop effective countermeasures against degraded search quality.
This presentation introduces some of the web spam techniques used against search engines. This talk is complimentary to the presentation "Black SEO Exposed". Some real examples are discussed and illustrated, including exploitation of web application vulnerabilities.
A survey on identification of ranking fraud for mobile applicationseSAT Journals
This document summarizes research on identifying ranking fraud for mobile applications. It proposes a framework that mines leading sessions of mobile apps to detect ranking fraud more accurately. It examines three types of evidence - ranking-based, rating-based, and review-based - to analyze app ranking, rating, and review patterns using statistical tests. An aggregation method is proposed to combine all the evidence for fraud detection. The document also reviews related work on web ranking spam detection, online review spam detection, mobile app recommendation, internet water armies, and automatically detecting ranking fraud. Latent Dirichlet Allocation is also discussed as a technique for topic modeling.
Algorithmic Web Spam detection - Matt Peters MozConmattthemathman
This document summarizes research into identifying web spam through machine learning algorithms. Key findings include:
- Models using just 32 in-link and on-page features can accurately identify spam 86% of the time. MozTrust, which measures average distance from trusted sites, is a strong predictor of spam.
- Sites with unnatural link profiles like many inbound links from low MozTrust sites or no internal links are at higher risk of being penalized.
- With large datasets, machine learning can moderately easily detect "unnatural" spammy sites and link profiles algorithmically. However, commercial intent is difficult to measure accurately with current data.
This document discusses web spam and techniques used to mislead search engines. It defines web spam as actions intended to boost a page's ranking without improving its true value. Two main categories of techniques are described: boosting techniques like term spamming and link spamming; and hiding techniques like content hiding and cloaking to conceal spamming from users and search engines. Specific spamming methods like term repetition, link exchanges, and cloaking behavior are outlined. The goal of web spammers and the algorithms search engines use for ranking are also summarized.
International conference On Computer Science And technologyanchalsinghdm
ICGCET 2019 | 5th International Conference on Green Computing and Engineering Technologies. The conference will be held on 7th September - 9th September 2019 in Morocco. International Conference On Engineering Technology
The conference aims to promote the work of researchers, scientists, engineers and students from across the world on advancement in electronic and computer systems.
CONTENT AND USER CLICK BASED PAGE RANKING FOR IMPROVED WEB INFORMATION RETRIEVALijcsa
Search engines today are retrieving more than a few thousand web pages for a single query, most of which
are irrelevant. Listing results according to user needs is, therefore, a very real necessity. The challenge lies
in ordering retrieved pages and presenting them to users in line with their interests. Search engines,
therefore, utilize page rank algorithms to analyze and re-rank search results according to the relevance of
the user’s query by estimating (over the web) the importance of a web page. The proposed work
investigates web page ranking methods and recently-developed improvements in web page ranking.
Further, a new content-based web page rank technique is also proposed for implementation. The proposed
technique finds out how important a particular web page is by evaluating the data a user has clicked on, as
well as the contents available on these web pages. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed
page ranking technique and its efficiency.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
The document presents a taxonomy of web spamming techniques used to mislead search engines into ranking certain pages higher in search results. It discusses techniques like term spamming, which involves optimizing text fields like titles, meta tags, and anchor text to increase relevance for targeted queries. It also covers link spamming techniques, where spammers create link structures to influence importance scores. The taxonomy is intended to help researchers understand spamming methods in order to develop effective countermeasures against degraded search quality.
This presentation introduces some of the web spam techniques used against search engines. This talk is complimentary to the presentation "Black SEO Exposed". Some real examples are discussed and illustrated, including exploitation of web application vulnerabilities.
A survey on identification of ranking fraud for mobile applicationseSAT Journals
This document summarizes research on identifying ranking fraud for mobile applications. It proposes a framework that mines leading sessions of mobile apps to detect ranking fraud more accurately. It examines three types of evidence - ranking-based, rating-based, and review-based - to analyze app ranking, rating, and review patterns using statistical tests. An aggregation method is proposed to combine all the evidence for fraud detection. The document also reviews related work on web ranking spam detection, online review spam detection, mobile app recommendation, internet water armies, and automatically detecting ranking fraud. Latent Dirichlet Allocation is also discussed as a technique for topic modeling.
Algorithmic Web Spam detection - Matt Peters MozConmattthemathman
This document summarizes research into identifying web spam through machine learning algorithms. Key findings include:
- Models using just 32 in-link and on-page features can accurately identify spam 86% of the time. MozTrust, which measures average distance from trusted sites, is a strong predictor of spam.
- Sites with unnatural link profiles like many inbound links from low MozTrust sites or no internal links are at higher risk of being penalized.
- With large datasets, machine learning can moderately easily detect "unnatural" spammy sites and link profiles algorithmically. However, commercial intent is difficult to measure accurately with current data.
This document discusses web spam and techniques used to mislead search engines. It defines web spam as actions intended to boost a page's ranking without improving its true value. Two main categories of techniques are described: boosting techniques like term spamming and link spamming; and hiding techniques like content hiding and cloaking to conceal spamming from users and search engines. Specific spamming methods like term repetition, link exchanges, and cloaking behavior are outlined. The goal of web spammers and the algorithms search engines use for ranking are also summarized.
The document provides details about an non-credit course on search engine optimization (SEO) taken by a student. It includes the course contents which cover the basics of SEO, on-page optimization techniques like meta tags and keywords, off-page optimization like link building, analytics tools, SEO reporting and applications of SEO. The document also discusses the pros and cons of SEO and provides a conclusion.
Search Engine Spam Index - Types of Link Spam & Content Spamjagadish thaker
The document discusses search engine spam and how to report it. It defines spam as pages created to trick search engines into providing inappropriate results. The document outlines the main categories of spam: content spam, domain spam, link spam, redirect spam, and cloaking. Content spam involves keyword stuffing and hidden text. Domain spam registers multiple domains to boost rankings. Link spam uses deceptive linking to artificially boost popularity. Redirect spam deflects visitors from ranked pages. Cloaking delivers optimized content to search engines and different content to users. The document provides links to report spam to Google, Yahoo, and MSN.
IRJET - Building Your Own Search EngineIRJET Journal
This document describes a student project to build a basic web search engine. It discusses the key components of a search engine including a web crawler to scan websites and index their content, an indexer to organize the scanned content in a database, and a search interface to retrieve relevant results from the database based on keyword queries. The proposed project will implement a web crawler that crawls websites in a breadth-first manner, calculates page scores based on keyword and link counts, and returns the top 30 highest scoring pages to users in response to search queries. The goals of the project are to gain experience implementing basic search engine functionality through web crawling, indexing, and ranking algorithms.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
A SURVEY ON WEB SPAM DETECTION METHODS: TAXONOMYIJNSA Journal
Web spam refers to some techniques, which try to manipulate search engine ranking algorithms in order to raise web page position in search engine results. In the best case, spammers encourage viewers to visit their sites, and provide undeserved advertisement gains to the page owner. In the worst case, they use malicious contents in their pages and try to install malware on the victim’s machine. Spammers use three kinds of spamming techniques to get higher score in ranking. These techniques are Link based techniques, hiding techniques and Content-based techniques. Existing spam pages cause distrust to search engine results. This not only wastes the time of visitors, but also wastes lots of search engine resources. Hence spam detection methods have been proposed as a solution for web spam in order to reduce negative effects of spam pages. Experimental results show that some of these techniques are
working well and can find spam pages more accurate than the others. This paper classifies web spam techniques and the related detection methods.
Evaluation of Web Search Engines Based on Ranking of Results and FeaturesWaqas Tariq
Search engines help the user to surf the web. Due to the vast number of web pages it is highly impossible for the user to retrieve the appropriate web page he needs. Thus, Web search ranking algorithms play an important role in ranking web pages so that the user could retrieve the page which is most relevant to the user's query. This paper presents a study of the applicability of two user-effort-sensitive evaluation measures on five Web search engines (Google, Ask, Yahoo, AOL and Bing). Twenty queries were collected from the list of most hit queries in the last year from various search engines and based upon that search engines are evaluated.
A Two Stage Crawler on Web Search using Site Ranker for Adaptive LearningIJMTST Journal
This document describes a two-stage crawler for efficiently harvesting deep web interfaces using adaptive learning. The first stage uses a smart crawler to locate relevant sites for a given topic by ranking websites and prioritizing highly relevant ones. The second stage explores individual sites by ranking links to uncover searchable forms quickly. An adaptive learning algorithm constructs link rankers by performing online feature selection to automatically prioritize relevant links for efficient in-site crawling. Experimental results show this approach achieves substantially higher harvest rates than existing crawlers.
Focused web crawling using named entity recognition for narrow domainseSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
The document provides an overview of how search engines like Google work. It explains that search engines use web crawlers or spiders to index websites by following links and reading content and metadata. The spiders return this information to be indexed. When a user searches, the search engine checks its index rather than searching the entire web. Google in particular runs on thousands of computers to allow parallel processing. It uses Googlebot to fetch pages from the web and an indexer to store words and links from pages in a database. It then uses a query processor to match searches to relevant indexed pages based on factors like page popularity, position of search terms, and how pages link to each other.
Social media research is an executable form of market research. The presentation covers how companies can implement a social media research process in their organization.
Entireweb review over 150 million searches per month with website submission ...joelmaster
Entireweb is one of the broadly utilized web indexes for getting to
the query items according to the client's input and starting the site
accommodation processes all over the web crawlers. According to
the site, an entirety of more than 150 million ventures on various
inquiries gets dealt with effectively by mirroring the specific query
items.
Like the Google web index, one can get to observe the website
pages, pictures, and surprisingly the web-based media webpage
results focusing on the specific inquiry term. These three superfamous pursuit types make Entireweb a most loved web search tool
the whole way across the world. Concerning Social Media, one can
even get to find the most pertinent Tweets by means of Twitter,
significant pages through Facebook.
Using Exclusive Web Crawlers to Store Better Results in Search Engines' DatabaseIJwest
This document discusses using exclusive web crawlers to improve search engine databases. It proposes having webmasters run crawlers on their own sites to store updated information directly in search engine databases. This avoids outdated data and improves crawling speed compared to normal crawlers. Exclusive crawlers only crawl within individual sites and are managed by webmasters, unlike common crawlers which crawl broadly and face various challenges. The approach ensures search engines have accurate, current data for each site stored in separate tables in their databases.
Universities have been targeted by phishing campaigns for years that steal user credentials. Recently, stolen credentials have been used to alter direct deposit information and reroute funds to attacker-controlled accounts. Several universities have reported incidents where 15 to several hundred personnel were targeted. The phishing emails typically claim to be about salary increases and contain links to fake login pages that steal credentials when entered. Credentials are then used to access payroll systems and change direct deposit details. Universities are advised to implement multi-factor authentication, alert employees of changes, and educate about phishing risks.
This document discusses using IBM Watson and facial recognition technology to identify criminals from social media profiles. It outlines how a social crawler could search social networks for a photo of a suspected criminal and IBM Watson's facial recognition API could compare it to profile pictures to find potential matches. A proof of concept was created to scan the fan pages of celebrities on Facebook. Challenges mentioned include restrictions on social media crawling and the facial recognition API still being in development. Benefits cited are expediting criminal identification and enabling monitoring of a criminal's social media profile and location.
The document provides an overview of the history and development of major search engines such as Google, Yahoo, and Bing. It discusses the birth of search engines in the mid-1990s and key events like the launch of Google in 1998 and its dominance through innovations like PageRank. It also outlines the development of Bing from predecessors like MSN Search and Microsoft's various attempts to compete with Google in search.
The document provides an overview of search engine optimization (SEO) concepts, including:
1) The importance of SEO for driving online and offline sales.
2) How search engines work and are composed of web crawlers and databases to index web pages.
3) Key factors search engines use to evaluate and rank pages, such as relevance, importance, links, and content.
4) Techniques for improving rankings, like optimizing titles, meta tags, and adding relevant and quality backlinks.
Phishing Website Detection Using Particle Swarm OptimizationCSCJournals
Fake websites is the process of attracting people to visit fraudulent websites and making them to enter confidential data like credit-card numbers, usernames and passwords. We present a novel approach to overcome the difficulty and complexity in detecting and predicting fake website. There is an efficient model which is based on using Association and classification Data Mining algorithms combining with ACO algorithm. These algorithms were used to characterize and identify all the factors and rules in order to classify the phishing website and the relationship that correlate them with each other. It also used PART classification algorithm to extract the phishing training data sets criteria to classify their legitimacy. But, this work has limitations like Sequences of random decisions (not independent) and Time to convergence uncertain in the phishing classification. So to overcome this limitation we enhance Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) which finds a solution to an optimization problem in a search space, or model and predict social behavior in the presence of phishing websites. This will improve the correctly classified phishing websites. The experimental results demonstrated the feasibility of using PSO technique in real applications and its better performance. This project employs the JAVA technology.
Search engine optimization (SEO) is the process of improving the visibility of a website in organic search engine results. SEO involves editing website content and code to increase relevance to keywords and remove barriers to search engines indexing pages. Promoting backlinks is another SEO tactic. Effective SEO requires changes to HTML and content on a site. Black hat SEO uses spammy techniques like keyword stuffing and link farms which can degrade search results and the user experience.
A Study on SEO Monitoring System Based on Corporate Website Developmentijcseit
Along with the fast growth of network information, using search engines to search
information has developed into an important part of one’s life everyday. In current years, there is a
research focus on the search engine optimization technologies used to rapidly publish business
information onto the search engines by which higher rankings can be reserved. The present paper
analyzes the impact of receiving and recording of search engines and ranking rules to get understanding
of the features of search engine algorithms frequently used and proposes the optimization strategy for the
development of a website. This system provided good performance in monitoring the skills of SEO of
website, and provided the consistent information support for ongoing optimization on search engine and
making search engine marketing strategy. With the problems, the paper place ahead design Methods for
website optimization, and summed up the optimization strategies for website design.
This document discusses web spam detection using machine learning techniques. Specifically, it proposes an improved Naive Bayes classifier that incorporates user feedback and domain-specific features to better detect spam pages. The key points are:
1) Web spam has become a serious problem as internet usage has increased, threatening search engines and users. Spam pages aim to deceive search engines' ranking algorithms.
2) Existing spam detection techniques like content analysis are still lacking and Naive Bayes classifiers are commonly used but have limitations like treating all terms equally.
3) The paper proposes an improved Naive Bayes classifier that assigns different weights to terms based on user feedback and considers domain-specific features to reduce false positives and negatives and improve accuracy
The document provides details about an non-credit course on search engine optimization (SEO) taken by a student. It includes the course contents which cover the basics of SEO, on-page optimization techniques like meta tags and keywords, off-page optimization like link building, analytics tools, SEO reporting and applications of SEO. The document also discusses the pros and cons of SEO and provides a conclusion.
Search Engine Spam Index - Types of Link Spam & Content Spamjagadish thaker
The document discusses search engine spam and how to report it. It defines spam as pages created to trick search engines into providing inappropriate results. The document outlines the main categories of spam: content spam, domain spam, link spam, redirect spam, and cloaking. Content spam involves keyword stuffing and hidden text. Domain spam registers multiple domains to boost rankings. Link spam uses deceptive linking to artificially boost popularity. Redirect spam deflects visitors from ranked pages. Cloaking delivers optimized content to search engines and different content to users. The document provides links to report spam to Google, Yahoo, and MSN.
IRJET - Building Your Own Search EngineIRJET Journal
This document describes a student project to build a basic web search engine. It discusses the key components of a search engine including a web crawler to scan websites and index their content, an indexer to organize the scanned content in a database, and a search interface to retrieve relevant results from the database based on keyword queries. The proposed project will implement a web crawler that crawls websites in a breadth-first manner, calculates page scores based on keyword and link counts, and returns the top 30 highest scoring pages to users in response to search queries. The goals of the project are to gain experience implementing basic search engine functionality through web crawling, indexing, and ranking algorithms.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
A SURVEY ON WEB SPAM DETECTION METHODS: TAXONOMYIJNSA Journal
Web spam refers to some techniques, which try to manipulate search engine ranking algorithms in order to raise web page position in search engine results. In the best case, spammers encourage viewers to visit their sites, and provide undeserved advertisement gains to the page owner. In the worst case, they use malicious contents in their pages and try to install malware on the victim’s machine. Spammers use three kinds of spamming techniques to get higher score in ranking. These techniques are Link based techniques, hiding techniques and Content-based techniques. Existing spam pages cause distrust to search engine results. This not only wastes the time of visitors, but also wastes lots of search engine resources. Hence spam detection methods have been proposed as a solution for web spam in order to reduce negative effects of spam pages. Experimental results show that some of these techniques are
working well and can find spam pages more accurate than the others. This paper classifies web spam techniques and the related detection methods.
Evaluation of Web Search Engines Based on Ranking of Results and FeaturesWaqas Tariq
Search engines help the user to surf the web. Due to the vast number of web pages it is highly impossible for the user to retrieve the appropriate web page he needs. Thus, Web search ranking algorithms play an important role in ranking web pages so that the user could retrieve the page which is most relevant to the user's query. This paper presents a study of the applicability of two user-effort-sensitive evaluation measures on five Web search engines (Google, Ask, Yahoo, AOL and Bing). Twenty queries were collected from the list of most hit queries in the last year from various search engines and based upon that search engines are evaluated.
A Two Stage Crawler on Web Search using Site Ranker for Adaptive LearningIJMTST Journal
This document describes a two-stage crawler for efficiently harvesting deep web interfaces using adaptive learning. The first stage uses a smart crawler to locate relevant sites for a given topic by ranking websites and prioritizing highly relevant ones. The second stage explores individual sites by ranking links to uncover searchable forms quickly. An adaptive learning algorithm constructs link rankers by performing online feature selection to automatically prioritize relevant links for efficient in-site crawling. Experimental results show this approach achieves substantially higher harvest rates than existing crawlers.
Focused web crawling using named entity recognition for narrow domainseSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
The document provides an overview of how search engines like Google work. It explains that search engines use web crawlers or spiders to index websites by following links and reading content and metadata. The spiders return this information to be indexed. When a user searches, the search engine checks its index rather than searching the entire web. Google in particular runs on thousands of computers to allow parallel processing. It uses Googlebot to fetch pages from the web and an indexer to store words and links from pages in a database. It then uses a query processor to match searches to relevant indexed pages based on factors like page popularity, position of search terms, and how pages link to each other.
Social media research is an executable form of market research. The presentation covers how companies can implement a social media research process in their organization.
Entireweb review over 150 million searches per month with website submission ...joelmaster
Entireweb is one of the broadly utilized web indexes for getting to
the query items according to the client's input and starting the site
accommodation processes all over the web crawlers. According to
the site, an entirety of more than 150 million ventures on various
inquiries gets dealt with effectively by mirroring the specific query
items.
Like the Google web index, one can get to observe the website
pages, pictures, and surprisingly the web-based media webpage
results focusing on the specific inquiry term. These three superfamous pursuit types make Entireweb a most loved web search tool
the whole way across the world. Concerning Social Media, one can
even get to find the most pertinent Tweets by means of Twitter,
significant pages through Facebook.
Using Exclusive Web Crawlers to Store Better Results in Search Engines' DatabaseIJwest
This document discusses using exclusive web crawlers to improve search engine databases. It proposes having webmasters run crawlers on their own sites to store updated information directly in search engine databases. This avoids outdated data and improves crawling speed compared to normal crawlers. Exclusive crawlers only crawl within individual sites and are managed by webmasters, unlike common crawlers which crawl broadly and face various challenges. The approach ensures search engines have accurate, current data for each site stored in separate tables in their databases.
Universities have been targeted by phishing campaigns for years that steal user credentials. Recently, stolen credentials have been used to alter direct deposit information and reroute funds to attacker-controlled accounts. Several universities have reported incidents where 15 to several hundred personnel were targeted. The phishing emails typically claim to be about salary increases and contain links to fake login pages that steal credentials when entered. Credentials are then used to access payroll systems and change direct deposit details. Universities are advised to implement multi-factor authentication, alert employees of changes, and educate about phishing risks.
This document discusses using IBM Watson and facial recognition technology to identify criminals from social media profiles. It outlines how a social crawler could search social networks for a photo of a suspected criminal and IBM Watson's facial recognition API could compare it to profile pictures to find potential matches. A proof of concept was created to scan the fan pages of celebrities on Facebook. Challenges mentioned include restrictions on social media crawling and the facial recognition API still being in development. Benefits cited are expediting criminal identification and enabling monitoring of a criminal's social media profile and location.
The document provides an overview of the history and development of major search engines such as Google, Yahoo, and Bing. It discusses the birth of search engines in the mid-1990s and key events like the launch of Google in 1998 and its dominance through innovations like PageRank. It also outlines the development of Bing from predecessors like MSN Search and Microsoft's various attempts to compete with Google in search.
The document provides an overview of search engine optimization (SEO) concepts, including:
1) The importance of SEO for driving online and offline sales.
2) How search engines work and are composed of web crawlers and databases to index web pages.
3) Key factors search engines use to evaluate and rank pages, such as relevance, importance, links, and content.
4) Techniques for improving rankings, like optimizing titles, meta tags, and adding relevant and quality backlinks.
Phishing Website Detection Using Particle Swarm OptimizationCSCJournals
Fake websites is the process of attracting people to visit fraudulent websites and making them to enter confidential data like credit-card numbers, usernames and passwords. We present a novel approach to overcome the difficulty and complexity in detecting and predicting fake website. There is an efficient model which is based on using Association and classification Data Mining algorithms combining with ACO algorithm. These algorithms were used to characterize and identify all the factors and rules in order to classify the phishing website and the relationship that correlate them with each other. It also used PART classification algorithm to extract the phishing training data sets criteria to classify their legitimacy. But, this work has limitations like Sequences of random decisions (not independent) and Time to convergence uncertain in the phishing classification. So to overcome this limitation we enhance Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) which finds a solution to an optimization problem in a search space, or model and predict social behavior in the presence of phishing websites. This will improve the correctly classified phishing websites. The experimental results demonstrated the feasibility of using PSO technique in real applications and its better performance. This project employs the JAVA technology.
Search engine optimization (SEO) is the process of improving the visibility of a website in organic search engine results. SEO involves editing website content and code to increase relevance to keywords and remove barriers to search engines indexing pages. Promoting backlinks is another SEO tactic. Effective SEO requires changes to HTML and content on a site. Black hat SEO uses spammy techniques like keyword stuffing and link farms which can degrade search results and the user experience.
A Study on SEO Monitoring System Based on Corporate Website Developmentijcseit
Along with the fast growth of network information, using search engines to search
information has developed into an important part of one’s life everyday. In current years, there is a
research focus on the search engine optimization technologies used to rapidly publish business
information onto the search engines by which higher rankings can be reserved. The present paper
analyzes the impact of receiving and recording of search engines and ranking rules to get understanding
of the features of search engine algorithms frequently used and proposes the optimization strategy for the
development of a website. This system provided good performance in monitoring the skills of SEO of
website, and provided the consistent information support for ongoing optimization on search engine and
making search engine marketing strategy. With the problems, the paper place ahead design Methods for
website optimization, and summed up the optimization strategies for website design.
This document discusses web spam detection using machine learning techniques. Specifically, it proposes an improved Naive Bayes classifier that incorporates user feedback and domain-specific features to better detect spam pages. The key points are:
1) Web spam has become a serious problem as internet usage has increased, threatening search engines and users. Spam pages aim to deceive search engines' ranking algorithms.
2) Existing spam detection techniques like content analysis are still lacking and Naive Bayes classifiers are commonly used but have limitations like treating all terms equally.
3) The paper proposes an improved Naive Bayes classifier that assigns different weights to terms based on user feedback and considers domain-specific features to reduce false positives and negatives and improve accuracy
This document discusses web spam detection using machine learning techniques. Specifically, it proposes an improved Naive Bayes classifier that incorporates user feedback and domain-specific features to better detect spam pages. The key points are:
1) Web spam has become a serious problem as internet usage has increased, threatening users and wasting search engine resources. Current techniques like content analysis are still lacking.
2) An improved Naive Bayes classifier is proposed that assigns weights to user feedback and considers domain-specific features to reduce false positives and negatives compared to the traditional classifier.
3) Results show the improved classifier outperforms the traditional one in terms of accuracy for web spam detection.
Retrospect of Search Engine Optimization TechniquesIRJET Journal
This document discusses search engine optimization (SEO) techniques. It begins by defining SEO as the process of influencing a website's online presence and rankings in search engines. It then discusses various on-page and off-page SEO techniques that can be used, such as optimizing titles, meta descriptions, keyword density, internal links, and external links. The document also covers the history of major search engines and different types of SEO approaches, including white hat, black hat, and gray hat techniques. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of SEO strategies and how search engines work.
Enhanced Web Usage Mining Using Fuzzy Clustering and Collaborative Filtering ...inventionjournals
This document discusses an enhanced web usage mining system using fuzzy clustering and collaborative filtering recommendation algorithms. It aims to address challenges with existing recommender systems like producing low quality recommendations for large datasets. The system architecture uses fuzzy clustering to predict future user access based on browsing behavior. Collaborative filtering is then used to produce expected results by combining fuzzy clustering outputs with a web database. This approach aims to provide users with more relevant recommendations in a shorter time compared to other systems.
The document discusses search engines and web crawlers. It provides information on how search engines work by using web crawlers to index web pages and then return relevant results when users search. It also compares major search engines like Google, Yahoo, MSN, Ask Jeeves, and Live Search based on factors like market share, database size and freshness, ranking algorithms, and treatment of spam. Google is highlighted as having the largest market share and best algorithms for determining natural vs artificial links.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes an enhancement to the Multi-Level Link Structure Analysis (MLSA) algorithm to reduce false positives in detecting link spam. The MLSA algorithm analyzes the inlinks and outlinks of a web page across multiple levels but suffers from falsely detecting some legitimate pages as spam. The proposed improvement tracks duplicated links, only increments crosslink counts between different domains, and compares the main domains of pages to reduce falsely detected spam pages by 90-100%. An experimental analysis shows the improved MLSA correctly identifies pages that the original MLSA incorrectly flagged as spam.
IDENTIFYING IMPORTANT FEATURES OF USERS TO IMPROVE PAGE RANKING ALGORITHMSZac Darcy
A Conversational Agent for the Web of Data, Journal of Web Semantics, Volume 37–38,
2016, Pages 64-85, ISSN 1570-8268.
[4] J. M. Kleinberg, (1999), Authoritative sources in a hyperlinked environment, Journal of the ACM
(JACM), 46(5), 604-632.
[5] L. Page, S. Brin, R. Motwani, and T. Winograd, (1999), The PageRank citation ranking: Bringing
order to the web. Technical Report, Stanford InfoLab.
[6] S. Chakrabarti, (2003), Min
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Web is a wide, various and dynamic environment in which different users publish their documents. Webmining is one of data mining applications in which web patterns are explored. Studies on web mining can be categorized into three classes: application mining, content mining and structure mining. Today, internet has found an increasing significance. Search engines are considered as an important tool to respond users’ interactions. Among algorithms which is used to find pages desired by users is page rank algorithm which ranks pages based on users’ interests. However, as being the most widely used algorithm by search engines including Google, this algorithm has proved its eligibility compared to similar algorithm, but considering growth speed of Internet and increase in using this technology, improving performance of this algorithm is considered as one of the web mining necessities. Current study emphasizes on Ant Colony algorithm and marks most visited links based on higher amount of pheromone. Results of the proposed algorithm indicate high accuracy of this method compared to previous methods. Ant Colony Algorithm as one of the swarm intelligence algorithms inspired by social behavior of ants can be effective in modeling social behavior of web users. In addition, application mining and structure mining techniques can be used simultaneously to improve page ranking performance.
Identifying Important Features of Users to Improve Page Ranking Algorithms dannyijwest
Increase in number of ontologies on Semantic Web and endorsement of OWL as language of discourse for the Semantic Web has lead to a scenario where research efforts in the field of ontology engineering may be applied for making the process of ontology development through reuse a viable option for ontology developers. The advantages are twofold as when existing ontological artefacts from the Semantic Web are reused, semantic heterogeneity is reduced and help in interoperability which is the essence of Semantic Web. From the perspective of ontology development advantages of reuse are in terms of cutting down on cost as well as development life as ontology engineering requires expert domain skills and is time taking process. We have devised a framework to address challenges associated with reusing ontologies from the Semantic Web. In this paper we present methods adopted for extraction and integration of concepts across multiple ontologies. We have based extraction method on features of OWL language constructs and context to extract concepts and for integration a relative semantic similarity measure is devised. We also present here guidelines for evaluation of ontology constructed. The proposed methods have been applied on concepts from food ontology and evaluation has been done on concepts from domain of academics using Golden Ontology Evaluation Method with satisfactory outcomes
This document provides an introduction to internet marketing. It defines internet marketing as marketing products or services online. It discusses advantages like low cost and wide reach. Limitations include the inability to see, smell or try items. It also defines key internet marketing strategies like search engine optimization (SEO), search engine marketing (SEM), and social media optimization (SMO). SEO involves optimizing webpages to rank higher in search engines, while SEM uses search engines to advertise websites. SMO focuses on creating shareable social media content. The document also provides tips for web developers to improve SEO, such as using descriptive titles, meta tags, and keyword-rich URLs.
This is basically for those who want to learn Search Engine Optimization (SEO). and also for those marketers , business owners, entrepreneurs who want know about SEO.
Performance of Real Time Web Traffic Analysis Using Feed Forward Neural Netw...IOSR Journals
This document discusses using feed forward neural networks and K-means clustering to analyze real-time web traffic. It proposes a technique to enhance the learning capabilities and reduce the computation intensity of a competitive learning multi-layered neural network using the K-means clustering algorithm. The model uses a multi-layered network architecture with backpropagation learning to discover and analyze knowledge from web log data. It also discusses preprocessing the web log data through cleaning, user identification, filtering, session identification and transaction identification before applying the neural network and K-means algorithms.
The document summarizes how search engines work and what factors influence search engine rankings. It discusses:
1. Search engines crawl and index billions of webpages and files to build an index that allows them to provide fast answers to user search queries.
2. Hundreds of factors can influence search engine rankings, including the number of links to a page and the content and updates to pages.
3. Through experiments and testing variations in page elements like keywords, formatting, and link structures, search marketers have studied search engine algorithms to learn how to improve rankings.
An Effective Approach for Document Crawling With Usage Pattern and Image Base...Editor IJCATR
As the Web continues to grow day by day each and every second a new page gets uploaded into the web; it has become
a difficult task for a user to search for the relevant and necessary information using traditional retrieval approaches. The amount of
information has increased in World Wide Web, it has become difficult to get access to desired information on Web; therefore it
has become a necessity to use Information retrieval tools like Search Engines to search for desired information on the Internet or
Web. Already Existing and used Crawling, Indexing and Page Ranking techniques that are used by the underlying Search Engines
before the result gets generated, the result sets that are returned by the engine lack in accuracy, efficiency and preciseness. The
return set of result does not really satisfy the request of the user and results in frustration on the user’s side. A Large number of
irrelevant links/pages get fetched, unwanted information, topic drift, and load on servers are some of the other issues that need to
be caught and rectified towards developing an efficient and a smart search engine. The main objective of this paper is to propose
or present a solution for the improvement of the existing crawling methodology that makes an attempt to reduce the amount of load
on server by taking advantage of computational software processes known as “Migrating Agents” for downloading the related
pages that are relevant to a particular topic only. The downloaded Pages are then provided a unique positive number i.e. called the
page has been ranked, taking into consideration the combinational words that are synonyms and other related words, user
preferences using domain profiles and the interested field of a particular user and past knowledge of relevance of a web page that
is average amount of time spent by users. A solution is also been given in context to Image based web Crawling associating the
Digital Image Processing technique with Crawling.
This document describes an intelligent meta search engine that was developed to efficiently retrieve relevant web documents. The meta search engine submits user queries to multiple traditional search engines including Google, Yahoo, Bing and Ask. It then uses a crawler and modified page ranking algorithm to analyze and rank the results from the different search engines. The top results are then generated and displayed to the user, aimed to be more relevant than results from individual search engines. The meta search engine was implemented using technologies like PHP, MySQL and utilizes components like a graphical user interface, query formulator, metacrawler and redundant URL eliminator.
An Intelligent Meta Search Engine for Efficient Web Document Retrievaliosrjce
This document describes an intelligent meta search engine that was developed to efficiently retrieve relevant web documents. The meta search engine queries multiple traditional search engines like Google, Yahoo, Bing and Ask simultaneously using a single user query. It then ranks the retrieved results using a new two phase ranking algorithm called modified ranking that considers page relevance and popularity. The goal of the new meta search engine is to produce more efficient search results compared to traditional search engines. It includes components like a graphical user interface, query formulator, metacrawler, redundant URL eliminator and modified ranking algorithm to retrieve and rank results.
This document proposes a methodology to provide web security through web crawling and web sense. It involves maintaining a user browser history log table to track user activities online, rather than blocking sites based only on keywords. It also involves a configuration table with limits per user on daily internet usage based on their level/position. When a user visits a site, web sense monitors their activity, checks the log and configuration tables, and can block the user if they exceed the limits or access restricted sites. This aims to prevent illegal access while allowing access to sites that happen to contain blocked keywords but are not related to the restricted topic.
Similar to GOOGLE SEARCH ALGORITHM UPDATES AGAINST WEB SPAM (20)
THE PRESSURE SIGNAL CALIBRATION TECHNOLOGY OF THE COMPREHENSIVE TEST SYSTEMieijjournal
The pressure signal calibration technology of the comprehensive test system which involved pressure
sensors was studied in this paper. The melioration of pressure signal calibration methods was elaborated.
Compared with the calibration methods in the lab and after analyzing the relevant problems,the
calibration technology online was achieved. The test datum and reasons of measuring error analyzed,the
uncertainty evaluation was given and then this calibration method was proved to be feasible and accurate.
8 th International Conference on Education (EDU 2023)ieijjournal
8th International Conference on Education (EDU 2023) will provide an excellent
international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and
applications impacts and challenges of education. The conference documents practical and
theoretical results which make a fundamental contribution for the development of
Educational research. The goal of this conference is to bring together researchers and
practitioners from academia and industry to focus on Educational advancements and
establishing new collaborations in these areas. Original research papers, state-of-the-art
reviews are invited for publication in all areas of Education
Informatics Engineering, an International Journal (IEIJ)ieijjournal
The document is a call for papers for the Informatics Engineering, an International Journal. It discusses that informatics is a rapidly developing field involving human-computer interaction and interface design. It aims to bring together researchers from academia and industry working in areas of computing, communication, multimedia, and human-computer interaction. Topics of interest include computational complexity, artificial intelligence, database mining, health informatics and more. Authors are invited to submit original papers by May 27, 2023.
Big data is a prominent term which characterizes the improvement and availability of data in all three
formats like structure, unstructured and semi formats. Structure data is located in a fixed field of a record
or file and it is present in the relational data bases and spreadsheets whereas an unstructured data file
includes text and multimedia contents. The primary objective of this big data concept is to describe the
extreme volume of data sets i.e. both structured and unstructured. It is further defined with three “V”
dimensions namely Volume, Velocity and Variety, and two more “V” also added i.e. Value and Veracity.
Volume denotes the size of data, Velocity depends upon the speed of the data processing, Variety is
described with the types of the data, Value which derives the business value and Veracity describes about
the quality of the data and data understandability. Nowadays, big data has become unique and preferred
research areas in the field of computer science. Many open research problems are available in big data
and good solutions also been proposed by the researchers even though there is a need for development of
many new techniques and algorithms for big data analysis in order to get optimal solutions. In this paper,
a detailed study about big data, its basic concepts, history, applications, technique, research issues and
tools are discussed.
LOW POWER SI CLASS E POWER AMPLIFIER AND RF SWITCH FOR HEALTH CAREieijjournal
This research was to design a 2.4 GHz class E Power Amplifier (PA) for health care, with 0.18um
Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation CMOS technology by using Cadence software.
And also RF switch was designed at cadence software with power Jazz 180nm SOI process. The ultimate
goal for such application is to reach high performance and low cost, and between high performance and
low power consumption design. This paper introduces the design of a 2.4GHz class E power amplifier and
RF switch design. PA consists of cascade stage with negative capacitance. This power amplifier can
transmit 16dBm output power to a 50Ω load. The performance of the power amplifier and switch meet the
specification requirements of the desired
PRACTICE OF CALIBRATION TECHNOLOGY FOR THE SPECIAL TEST EQUIPMENT ieijjournal
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calibration method of special test equipment are briefly introduced in this paper, at the same time, the
preparation and management requirements of calibration specification are described.
8th International Conference on Signal, Image Processing and Embedded Systems...ieijjournal
8th International Conference on Signal, Image Processing and Embedded Systems (SIGEM 2022) is a forum for presenting new advances and research results in the fields of Digital Image Processing and Embedded Systems.
Informatics Engineering, an International Journal (IEIJ)ieijjournal
Informatics is rapidly developing field. The study of informatics involves human-computer interaction and how an interface can be built to maximize user-efficiency. Due to the growth in IT, individuals and organizations increasingly process information digitally. This has led to the study of informatics to solve privacy, security, healthcare, education, poverty, and challenges in our environment.
International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Advances (AIAD 2022) ieijjournal
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Informatics Engineering, an International Journal (IEIJ)ieijjournal
Call for papers...!!!
Informatics Engineering, an International Journal (IEIJ)
https://airccse.org/journal/ieij/index.html
Submission Deadline: July 02, 2022
Here's where you can reach us : ieijjournal@yahoo.com or ieij@aircconline.com
http://coneco2009.com/submissions/imagination/home.html
8th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing (A...ieijjournal
Call for papers...!!!
8th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing (AIS 2022)
August 20 ~ 21, 2022, Chennai, India
https://csit2022.org/ais/index
Submission Deadline: July 02, 2022
Here's where you can reach us : ais@csit2022.org or aisconf@yahoo.com
https://csit2022.org/submission/index.php
Informatics Engineering, an International Journal (IEIJ) ieijjournal
Informatics Engineering, an International Journal (IEIJ)
Submission Deadline : June 18, 2022
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website link
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International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Advances (AIAD 2022)ieijjournal
International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Advances (AIAD 2022)
August 27 ~ 28, 2022, Virtual Conference
Webpage URL:
https://www.aiad2022.org/
Submission Deadline: June 04, 2022
Contact us:
Here's where you can reach us: aiad@aiad2022.org (or) aiadconf@yahoo.com
Informatics Engineering, an International Journal (IEIJ)ieijjournal
call for paper
Informatics Engineering, an International Journal (IEIJ)
Submission Deadline : May 28, 2022
Submit your paper through online :
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Submit your paper through mail:
ieijjournal@yahoo.com or ieij@aircconline.com
for more details:
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Informatics Engineering, an International Journal (IEIJ) ieijjournal
The document is a call for papers for the Informatics Engineering, an International Journal. It discusses that informatics is a rapidly developing field involving human-computer interaction and interface design. It aims to bring together researchers from academia and industry working in areas of computing, communication, multimedia, and human-computer interaction. Topics of interest include computational complexity, artificial intelligence, database mining, health informatics and more. Authors are invited to submit original papers by the given deadline.
LOW POWER SI CLASS E POWER AMPLIFIER AND RF SWITCH FOR HEALTH CAREieijjournal
This research was to design a 2.4 GHz class E Power Amplifier (PA) for health care, with 0.18um
Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation CMOS technology by using Cadence software.
And also RF switch was designed at cadence software with power Jazz 180nm SOI process. The ultimate goal for such application is to reach high performance and low cost, and between high performance and low power consumption design. This paper introduces the design of a 2.4GHz class E power amplifier and
RF switch design. PA consists of cascade stage with negative capacitance. This power amplifier can
transmit 16dBm output power to a 50Ω load. The performance of the power amplifier and switch meet the specification requirements of the desired.
FROM FPGA TO ASIC IMPLEMENTATION OF AN OPENRISC BASED SOC FOR VOIP APPLICATIONieijjournal
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an ASIC allows earlier defect detection in the design process and thus allows a significant time saving.
This paper deals with a CMOS standard-cell ASIC implementation of a SoC (System on Chip) based on the
OpenRISC processor for Voice over IP (VoIP) application; where a hybrid approach is adopted. The
architecture of the design is mainly based on the reuse of IPs cores described at the RTL level. This RTL code is technology-independent; hence the design can be ported easily from FPGA to ASIC.
Informatics Engineering, an International Journal (IEIJ)ieijjournal
The document is a call for papers for the Informatics Engineering, an International Journal. It discusses that informatics is a rapidly developing field involving human-computer interaction and interface design. It aims to bring together researchers from academia and industry working in areas of computing, communication, multimedia, and human-computer interaction. Topics of interest include computational complexity, artificial intelligence, database mining, health informatics and more. Authors are invited to submit original papers by the given deadlines.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMHODECEDSIET
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
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DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
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Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
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solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
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A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
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The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...
GOOGLE SEARCH ALGORITHM UPDATES AGAINST WEB SPAM
1. Informatics Engineering, an International Journal (IEIJ), Vol.3, No.1, March 2015
DOI : 10.5121/ieij.2015.3101 1
GOOGLE SEARCH ALGORITHM UPDATES AGAINST
WEB SPAM
Ashish Chandra, Mohammad Suaib, and Dr. Rizwan Beg
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India
ABSTRACT
With the search engines' increasing importance in people's life, there are more and more attempts to
illegitimately influence page ranking by means of web spam. Web spam detection is becoming a major
challenge for internet search providers. The Web contains a huge number of profit-seeking ventures that
are attracted by the prospect of reaching millions of users at a very low cost. There is an economic
incentive for manipulating search engine’s listings by creating otherwise useless pages that score high
ranking in the search results. Such manipulation is widespread in the industry. There is a large gray area
between the Ethical SEO and the Unethical SEO i.e. spam industry. SEO services range from making web
pages indexed, to the creation of millions of fake web pages to deceive search engine ranking algorithms.
Today's search engines need to adapt their ranking algorithms continuously to mitigate the effect of
spamming tactics on their search results. Search engine companies keep their search ranking algorithms
and ranking features secret to protect their ranking system from gaming by spam tactics. We tried to collect
here all the Google's search algorithm updates from different sources which are against web spam.
KEYWORDS
Google, web spam, spam, search engine, search engine ranking, spamdexing, search algorithm updates,
Google Panda, Google Penguin.
1. INTRODUCTION
The Internet has become a major channel for people to get information, run business, connecting
with each other and for the purpose of entertainment and education. Search Engines are the
preferred gateway for the web for recent years.
Web spam is one of the major challenges for search engine results. Web spam (also known as
spamdexing) is a collection of techniques used for the sole purpose of getting undeserved boosted
ranking in search result pages. With the widespread user generated content in web 2.0 sites (like
blogs, forums, social media, video sharing sites etc.), spam is rapidly increasing and becoming a
medium of scams and malware also.
When a web user submits a query to search engine, relevant web pages are retrieved. The search
engine ranks the result on the basis of relevancy (i.e. Dynamic ranking) and authority score (i. e.
Static ranking) of the page. For this purpose it uses the page content information, link structure of
the page, temporal features, usage data (i.e. Wisdom of Crowd) etc [1]. After this process search
engine sorts the list of these pages according to the score thus calculated and returns the result to
user.
2. Informatics Engineering, an International Journal (IEIJ), Vol.3, No.1, March 2015
2
Traditional Information Retrieval methods assumes IR system as a controlled collection of
information in which the authors of the documents being indexed and retrieved had no knowledge
of the IR system and no intention of manipulating it. But in case of Web-IR, these assumptions
are no longer valid. Almost every IR algorithm is prone to manipulation in its pure form.
A ranking system which is purely based on the vector space model can easily be manipulated by
inserting many keywords in the document, whereas a ranking system purely based on counting
citations can be manipulated by creating many fake pages pointing to a target page, and so on.
Detecting spam is a challenging web mining task. The search engine companies always try to stay
ahead of the spammers in terms of the ranking algorithms and their spam detection methods.
Fortunately, from the point of view of the search engines, the target is just to adjust the economic
balance for the prospective spammers, and not necessarily detecting 100% of the web spam. The
web spam is essentially an economical phenomenon where the amount of spam depends on the
efficiency and the cost of different spam generating techniques. If the search engine can maintain
the costs for the spammers consistently above their expected gain from manipulating the ranking,
it can keep web spam at low level.
Many existing heuristics for web spam detection are generally specific to a specific type of web
spam and cannot be used if a new spamming technique appears. Due to the enormous business
opportunities brought by popular web pages, many spam tactics have been used to affect the
search engine ranking. New spam tactics emerge time to time, and spammers use different tricks
for different types of pages. These tricks varies from violating recommended practices (such as
keyword stuffing [2], cloaking and redirection [3] etc) to violating laws (such as compromising
web sites to poison search results [4], [5] etc.). After a heuristic for web spam detection is
developed, the bubble of Web visibility tends to resurface somewhere else. We are in need to
develop models that are able to learn to detect any type of web spam and that are able to be
adapted quickly to new unknown spam techniques. Machine learning methods are the key to
achieve this goal. It will be not wrong to say that web spam is the greatest threat to modern search
engines.
1.1 Term and Definitions
We have listed below some key terms and definitions in context with the topic for better
understanding of this paper.
1.1.1 Spamming
Spamming refers to any deliberate action which is performed for the sole purpose of boosting
page's position in search engine result.
1.1.2 Keyword Stuffing
Keyword stuffing refers to loading of a page with keywords (excessive repetition of some words
or phrases) for boosting page's ranking in search engine result. It makes the text appearing as
unnatural.
1.1.3 Link Farm
Link Farm refers to excessive link exchanges, large scale links creation campaign, buying and
selling links, link creation using automated programs etc. just for the sake of increased PageRank.
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1.1.4 Doorway Pages
Doorway Pages are typically a large collection of low quality content pages where each page is
optimized to rank for a specific keyword. These pages ultimately drive users to a specific target
page by funnelling the traffic.
1.1.5 Cloaking
Cloaking is a search engine optimization technique in which the search engine crawler is served
different copy of the page than that served to the normal user's web browser. Cloaking is a form
of Doorway Page technique. It can be achieved by malicious redirect of page.
1.1.6 Indexing
Indexing refers to collecting, parsing, storing content of web pages for fast and accurate accessing
of information at searching time.
1.1.7 Search Engine Ranking
Search engines rank web pages according to two main features. (i) Relevancy of page with
respect to query (Dynamic Ranking). (ii) Authoritativeness of the page (Static Ranking).
Dynamic Ranking is calculated at search time and depends on search query, user's location,
location of page, day, time, query history etc.
Static Ranking uses hundreds of query independent features of the page like length of the page,
frequency of keywords, number of images, compression ratio of text etc. It is pre-computed at the
time of indexing [6].
1.2 Related Work
There are many surveys done on web spam and detection methods [1], [6]. Many modern
techniques of spamming as analyzed by authors in their researches in [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]. In
our knowledge there is no scholarly paper which covers actual implementation of spam detection
algorithms by today's search engines like Google. We are presenting this paper to fill this gap.
1.3 Structure of the Paper:
We have divided this paper in four sections. In the section 2, we have enumerated all important
updates released by Google which are concerned with web spam detection and filtering from
search results. In section 3 we have analyzed the findings of the paper. The section 4 contains the
conclusion of the paper.
2. GOOGLE ALGORITHM UPDATES
2.1 PageRank
The Google's cofounder Larry Page invented a system known as Page Rank [7]. This system
works on link structure of web pages to decide ranking of web pages.
PageRank counts the number and quality of links to a page to calculate a rough estimate of a
website's global importance. It can be assumed that important websites are more likely to receive
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high number of links from other websites. Initially Google's search engine was based on Page
Rank and signals like title of page, anchor text and links etc.
PageRank is calculated as:
where: are the pages under consideration,
is the set of pages that link to ,
is the number of outbound links on page ,
N is the total number of pages.
Currently Google search engine uses more than 200 signals for ranking of web pages as well as to
combat web spam. Google also uses the huge amount of usage data (consisting of query logs,
browser logs, ad-click logs etc.) to interpret complex intent of cryptic queries and to provide
relevant results to end user.
2.2 Google ToolBar
Google launched its Toolbar for the Internet Explorer web browser in year 2000 with a concept of
ToolBar PageRank (TBPR).
In the year 2001 , Google's Core Search Quality Engineer, Amit Singhal revised Page and Brin's
original algorithm completely by adding new signals. One of these signals is commercial or non-
commercial nature of the page. Google Engineer Krishna Bharat [8], studied that links from
recognized authorities should carry more weight and discovered a powerful signal that confers
extra credibility to references from experts’ sites.
In the year 2002 search engine giant Google gave a clear message to SEO (Search Engine
Optimization) industry that Google do not require Search Engine Optimization at all. It started
penalizing sites which try to manipulate Page-Rank and started rewarding informative non-
commercial websites.
2.3 Boston
The Boston update was announced at SES-Boston in year 2003. It incorporated local connectivity
analysis and it gave more weight to authoritative sites in indexing as well as on the search result
page. [9]
2.4 Cassandra
The Cassandra update was launched in April 2003 to combat against basic link quality issues
(such as massive linking farms, cross-linking by co-owned domains, multiple links from same
site) and by taking into account factors like link text, navigation structure, page title, hidden text
and hidden links. [10]
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2.5 Dominic
The Dominic update was launched in May 2003. This update was related with basic link
calculations.
2.6 Esmereldo
The Essmereldo update was an infrastructure change followed by Fritz update which enabled
Google search engine to update its index daily rather than existing monthly complete overhauling
of index.
2.7 Florida
The Florida update was released in November, 2003. This update severely hit the low value SEO
tactics like keyword stuffing by adding new factors to calculate search ranking. some of the
factors are:
• repetitive in-bound anchor text with little diversity,
• heavy repetition of keyword phrases in title and body,
• lack of related/supportive vocabulary in the page.
2.8 Austin
The Austin [11] update was launched in January 2004. This update impacted on-page spam
techniques like invisible text and links, META tag stuffing (abnormally long META tag of
HTML), link exchange with off-topic sites. It is speculated that this update included Hilltop [12]
algorithm.
The Hilltop algorithm is a topic sensitive approach to find documents relevant to the specific
keyword or topic. When a user enters a query or a keyword into the Google search, this
algorithm tries to find relevant keywords whose results are more informative about that query or
keyword.
During this update Google started giving more value to the restricted top level domain websites
such as educational (.edu, .ac), military (.mil) and Government websites (.gov) [13] because it is
very difficult for spammers to have controlling access to these websites.
2.9 Brandy
The Brandy update was launched in February 2004. This algorithm update was a massive index
update to add a lot more authoritative sites. This update incorporated Latent Semantic Indexing
(LSI) to add capability of understanding synonyms for enhanced keyword analysis. LSI is based
on the assumption that the words that are used in the same contexts are likely to have similar
meanings.
This update increased attention to anchor text relevance and added concept of link
neighbourhood. Link Neighbourhood refers to who is linking to your site. Links must be from
relevant topic sites.
The Brandy update also added new factors of content and link quality and slightly reduced
importance of PageRank. It used outbound links to calculate authority of the page. This feature is
similar to the hub score in HITS algorithm [14].
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According to Surgey Brin (Cofounder of Google), over-optimized use of title, h1, h2, bold, italic
are no longer important features for ranking.
2.10 NoFollow
The "nofollow" [15] is a value of rel attribute of href tag in HTML. This value was proposed in
January 2005 collectively by three top search provider companies of world (Google, Yahoo and
Microsoft) to combat spam in blog comments.
An example of nofollow link is as following:
<a href="http://msn.com/about.html" rel="nofollow">
If Google sees 'nofollow' in a link then it will:
• not follow through to the target page,
• not count the link for calculating Page Rank,
• not consider the anchor text in determining the term relevancy of target page.
2.11 Jagger
The Jagger update was released in October 2005. The Jagger update targeted low quality links
such as link farms, paid links, reciprocal links etc.
2.12 Vince
The Vince update was launched in February 2009. Vince strongly favors big brands as they are
trusted sources.
2.13 May Day
The May Day update was released in May 2010. This update targeted sites with thin content
optimized for long tail keywords.
2.14 Caffeine
The Caffeine update was launched in June 2010. This update was an infrastructural change. It was
to speed up searching and crawling which resulted 50% fresher index. It revamped entire
indexing system to make it more easier to add new signals such as heavier keyword weighting
and importance of domain age.
2.15 Negative Review
The Negative Review update was launched in December, 2010. The Negative Review update
targeted sites ranking due to negative reviews. It incorporated sentiment analysis.
2.16 Social Signals
The Social Signals update was launched in December 2010. This update added social signals to
determine ranking of pages. Social Signals include data from social networking sites like Twitter
and FaceBook. This update added concept like Social Rank or Author Rank.
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According to Google CEO Eric Schmidt, in the year 2010, 516 updates were made in ranking
system.
2.17 Attribution
The Attribution update was released in January, 2011. This update impacted duplicate/scrapped
content websites by penalizing only copying site and not the original content websites. According
to the Google's web spam engineer Matt Cutts [16]: "The net effect is that searchers are more
likely to see the sites that wrote the original content rather than a site that scrapped or copied the
original site's content".
2.18 Panda
The Panda algorithm update was first release in February 2011. The Panda update went global in
April, 2011. This update aimed to lower rank of low quality websites and increased ranking of
news and social networking sites. Panda is the filter to down rank sites with thin content, content
farms, doorway pages, affiliates websites, sites with high ads-to-content ratio and number of other
quality issues [17].
Panda update affects ranking of entire website rather than individual page. It includes new signals
like data about the site users blocked via search engine result page directly or via the chrome
browser [18]. Panda has improved scrapper detection. Its algorithm requires huge computing
power to analyze pages so it is run periodically. The latest version of Panda (4.1) was released in
September 2014. Panda update is named on Google's Search Engineer Navneet Panda with a
patent named on him. [19].
2.19 Ad-above-the-fold
The Ads-above-the-fold algorithm update was released in January 2012. This update was to
devaluate sites with too much advertisements. This is an improvement to page layout algorithm.
2.20 Penguin
The Penguin update was released in April 2012. This update is purely web spam algorithm update
[20]. It adjusts a number of spam factors including keyword stuffing, in-links coming from spam
pages, anchor text/link relevance. Penguin detects over optimization of tags and internal links,
bad neighborhood, bad ownership etc. The latest version of Penguin (3.0) was released in October
2014.
2.21 Exact Match Domain (EMD)
The Exact Match Domain algorithm update was released in September 2012. The EMD update
devaluates domain names which are exactly matching its keywords if content quality of the pages
is not good.
2.22 Phantom
The Phantom update was released in May 2013. This update detects unnatural link patterns,
cross-linking (like network) between two or more sites with large percentage of links between
them, heavy use of exact match anchor text etc.
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2.23 Payday Loan
The Payday Loan update was released in June 2013 and May 2014. This algorithm update targets
heavily spam industry queries like payday loans, mortgage rate trends, pornography, cheap
apartments etc.
2.24 Pigeon
The Pigeon update was released by Google in July, 2014. This update was released to provide
more accurate results by taking into account the distance and location of local brands from the
searcher. The Pigeon update aims to serve more relevant results. It was against the spammers
promoting local brands in global search results and it was in favor of average honest business.
2.25 HTTPS / SSL
The HTTPS/SSL update was released in August 2014 by Google. This update gives preference to
secure websites that adds encryption for data transfer between web server and web browser.
Google says that initially this boost is slight but it may be increased if this update gives a positive
effect in search results [21].
HTTPS is the Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol which uses encryption while transmission of
data. The SSL stands for Secure Socket Layer. SSL is a Transport Layer Security protocol for
secure data transfer over Internet. SLL certificate is a trust certificate issued be trust authorities.
The SSL certificate requirement makes creating link farms economically infeasible for spammers.
This update is an attempt to make Internet more secure for end users as well as for their sensitive
data.
2.26 Pirate 2.0
The Pirate 2.0 update was released by Google in October, 2014. This update targeted websites
that serves illegal and pirated content. The mostly hit web sites are the torrent web sites which
offer illegal downloads of pirated software and pirated copyrighted digital media content [22].
3. ANALYTICAL SUMMARY
We observed some key points while writing this paper. These key points are enumerated as
following:
• Almost all updates are based on text, there is little work done on multimedia content such
as images, video, audio etc.
• The Google's search algorithm updates show a shift from Page Rank to the Quality of
Page Content.
• Google focuses on the safety and security of data as well as end users, by promoting
secure websites that provide encryption and demoting sites that provide malware, pirated
content and scams.
• Google gives more importance to the websites which provide information over the
commercial website which try to sell something to end users.
• Google gives more importance to the trusted authority web sites such as big brand
websites, websites having TLDs reserved for statutory authorities such as .gov, .edu, .mil
etc.
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• Google search quality team makes around 350 to 500 changes in the search ranking
system every year. In the year 2010, the number of updates was 516.
• Google gives low priority to the websites which are optimized for generally spam
industry queries and keyword such as 'Cheap loans', 'Pharmacy' etc.
• Websites which are highly optimized for ranking are discouraged by Google's search
system.
We have summarized the Google's search algorithm updates in the Table 1. These updates are
categorized according to the website features they deal with and the year when they were
launched.
Table I. Algorithm Updates According to Page Feature
Feature Type Google Algorithm Update Name Year
Page Content Quality, Plagiarism
May Day 2010
Panda 2011 - 2014
Attribution 2011
Link Structure, Link Farms
Cassandra 2003
Dominic 2003
No Follow 2005
Jagger 2009
Penguin 2012-2014
Phantom 2013
Website Authority
Boston 2003
Vince 2009
Social Signals 2010
HTTPS / SSL 2014
Pirate 2014
Keyword Stuffing
Florida 2003
EMD 2012
Penguin 2012-2014
Topic Relevancy, Sentiment
Analysis
Austin 2004
Brandy 2004
Pigeon 2014
Negative Review 2010
Monetization
Ad-above-the-fold 2012
Pay Day Loan 2013-2014
Cloaking, Redirection Penguin 2012-2014
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4. CONCLUSIONS
Identifying and detecting web spam is an on-going battle between search engines and spammers
which is going on since search engines allowed searching of the web. In this paper we have
studied and analyzed algorithm updates made by Google to combat spamdexing in their search
result. After studying these algorithm updates, we can say that Google has radically improved the
ability to detect low quality websites which provide no useful information to users. Google search
quality team makes around 350 to 500 changes in the search ranking system every year to
mitigate chances of spammers who try to play with the ranking system of Google. But due to
rapidly changing technology and open nature of the web, spammers may invent new tactics to
manipulate the ranking system. We believe the war between Google and spammers will go on in
future years also. We hope that in near future Google will release updates to analyze digital media
formats also (such as images, video, audio etc.) to check the quality of content of the web pages.
We also believe that web spam is a socio-economic phenomenon which can be dealt with up to
some extent if end-users are aware of it and there are such preventive measures that add extra
cost to web spam generation.
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