Downloaded 25 times
More Related Content
Globalization
- 1. Globalization Agriculture, Trade, Transferof Technology, Finance & FDI, Society and Human development Submitted to: Dr.Liaqat Ali Submitted by: Kamaljot Kaur (15421006)
- 2. Globalisation in HumanDevelopment Globalisation in Finance Agriculture in Trade Globalisation in Agriculture Advantages and disadvantages of Globalisation Attributes of Globalisation Characteristics of Globalisation Globalisation Introduction
- 3. Introduction to The termglobalisation is derived from the word ’Globalise’, which refers to the emergence of an international network of economic systems. The term globalization has been increasingly used since the mid- 1980s and especially since the mid-1990s. In 2000, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) identified four basic aspects of globalisation trade and transactions, capital and investment movements,migration or movement of people, and the exchange of knowledge. In basic language we can say that Globalization is a process under which the whole world is converted into a Global Village.
- 5. Fe at ur es of gl ob ali za ti on Various features include- Borderlessglobe Government support Growth in R&D Increased competition Exchange of Currency Prize Stability Better International communication Up gradation of Knowledge Employment Generation Leniency in laws Technology advancement Good quality of products Increased standard of living World reorganization One Economy Rapid growth World market Free Trade
- 6.
- 7. Globalization in agriculture anengine of growth in low-income countries making it to grow considerably faster than domestic consumption. Globalization increases food security through enlarged multipliers to the massive, employment-intensive, non- tradable rural non-farm sector. Changes in consumption patterns the slow growth in consumption of farm products and, in middle-income countries, the move away from grains and other staples and towards livestock and horticultural products, also alter the net trade situation of countries. Key drivers for change (a) Structural changes in global agricultural markets (b) Technological changes and trade costs (c) Agricultural trade distortions and policy reforms
- 8. Case study ofTea production In 2016, Assam has produced 642.18 million kg in comparison to 631.22 million kg in 2015. In West Bengal too, production has gone up to 357.47 million kg in comparison to 324.5 million kg in 2015. South Indian tea production is also up from 212.21 million kg in 2015 to 227.57 million kg in 2016. Exports have dropped by 2.46% in the period January to November 2016, according to Tea Board data. Indian tea has faced tough competition in the world market from Kenyan tea in 2016. Kenya had produced 73 million kg more teas in 2016.
- 9. Globalization in Trade Ina global economy, no nation is self- sufficient. Each is involved at different levels in trade to sell what it produces, to acquire what it lacks and also to produce more efficiently in some economic sectors than its trade partners. Mercantilism Neomercantili sm Absolute advantages Comparative advantages Factor endowments
- 10. Mercantilism More exports thanimports, particularly value-wise. This system was prevalent during the colonial era . Neomercantilism Export-oriented strategies Free trade zones Absolute advantages Produce more effectively in an economic sector while using less resources (e.g. capital, labour) than any other potential competitors Comparative advantages Focus on sectors where the total productivity gains are the most significant. Factor endowments The most basic endowments are capital, land and labour
- 11. Activities in technology transfers ♦Processingand evaluation of invention disclosures ♦ Filing for patents ♦ Technology Marketing ♦ Licensing ♦ Protecting Intellectual ♦ Property developed from research activities ♦ Assistance in creating new businesses as well as the promotion of the existing organization’s success Functions associated with technology transfer coordination nurture Globalizationandtechnology
- 12. The crisesof the 1990s underscored the need for prudent sovereign debt management the first lines of defence against financial problems and systemic risks are sound financial institutions, efficient financial markets, and effective market discipline agreement Globali sation and finance
- 13. Role of IMF identifying and monitoring weaknesses and vulnerabilities in international financial markets; developing early warning systems for international financial market imbalances; conducting research into the nature and origins of international financial crises and the channels of contagion; seeking ways to contain and resolve crises quickly and smoothly, for example, by involving the private sector.
- 14. Four main factorsfor globalised finance Advances in information and computer technologies The globalization of national economies The liberalization of national financial and capital markets Competition among the providers of intermediary services
- 15. Globalisation in society andhuman development a process of increasing interconnectedness of individuals, groups, companies and countries. Huge opportunities for people of developing countries. Migration of people has become easier. World is becoming global village. Cultures are being accepted by people of different countries. Feeling of oneness.
- 16. Human Development Index consistsof three components: longevity, knowledge, and decent standard living. Impact on Gender Equality increase in labour intensive exports such as garments, shoes, jewellery, etc. from developing countries. Employers in these industries often prefer to hire women, and the growth of exports of these sectors has almost always been accompanied by a significant increase in female wage employment in the formal sector Increase Quality of life by Ensuring Product Availability increase their life quality by lowering prices of imports and keeping prices of substitutes for imported goods low basic foods, pharmaceuticals and other medical or basic health products, and used clothing. Employment and Income Generation . Labour market of a country comprises rural, urban and informal sector. Boost in employability.
- 17. Some facts Globalizationas a Promoter of Human Development Favourable Impact on Education Education is one of the key components of Human Development Index (HDI). Literacy is considered as an indispensable tool for transforming illiterate population into human resources as well as for creating awareness among the masses about the various ills of society including menace of high population growth. • South Asian countries have made considerable progress in the field of child education. • In Bangladesh, about 2 million jobs had been created in the garment industry by 1998, of which two-thirds were held by women • In Madagascar, women accounted for three- quarters of the country’s nearly 140,000 textile and apparel workers in 1999. • 50 rural families in Mexico for 20 years found that a significant proportion of the women reported an improvement in their “quality of life,” due mainly to their income from working outside their homes, including in (export-oriented) factory jobs