Global warming is caused by greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane trapping heat in the Earth's atmosphere, increasing temperatures over time. As the planet warms, effects include rising sea levels from melting polar ice caps, more frequent and intense droughts and hurricanes, and the spread of diseases to new regions. Evidence of global warming can be seen in drought conditions in Africa, shrinking glaciers and lakes, and rising global temperatures. Combating global warming requires mitigation efforts like conserving energy, using renewable alternatives, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel use, industrial processes, and other human activities.