Environmental protection aims to safeguard the natural environment for humans and ecosystems, facing challenges from overconsumption and technology. The environmental movement advocates for sustainability through activism and public policy and has evolved to address issues like global warming and genetic engineering. In New Zealand, the environmental movement gained momentum in the 1960s, leading to the establishment of political parties and notable campaigns against major ecological threats.

1. ENVIRONMENTALISM
ECOLOGY AND
ENVIRONMENTALISM
GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES
CAMBRIDGE IGCSE P1

2. WHAT IS ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Environmental protection is a practice of protecting the natural
environment for the benefit of both the environment and humans.
Due to the pressures of overconsumption, population and technology, the
environment is being degraded.
Governments have begun placing restraints on activities that cause
environmental degradation.
There is no agreement on the extent of the environmental impact of
human activity so protection measures are usually debated.

3. Climate activists blockade British Airports Authority's headquarters for day of action

4. ENVIRONMENTALISM AND ECOLOGY
Environmentalism or environmental rights is a philosophy, ideology, and
social movement regarding concerns for environmental protection and
improvement of the health of the environment.
Ecologism is more commonly used in continental European languages
while ‘environmentalism’ is more commonly used in English-speaking
countries.

5. "March Against Monsanto", Vancouver, Canada, May 25, 2013

6. ENVIRONMENTALISM AS A MOVEMENT
Environmentalism is a social movement that seeks to influence the
political process by activism and education in order to protect natural
resources and ecosystems.
The word was first used in 1922.

7. Part of a protest march held in 2003 voicing opposition to genetic engineering,
making its way up Queen Street

8. ECOLOGY, HEALTH AND HUMAN RIGHTS
In various ways (like protests), environmentalists and environmental
organizations seek to give the natural world a stronger voice in human
affairs.
Environmentalists advocate the sustainable management of resources, and
the protection and restoration of the natural environment through
changes in public policy and individual behaviour.
Environmentalism is centered around ecology, health, and human rights.

9. NEW ISSUES IN ENVIRONMENTALISM
Environmentalism continues to evolve to face up to new issues such as
global warming, overpopulation and genetic engineering.

10. TREE SITTING AS A FORM OF PROTEST
Tree sitting is a form of activism in which the protester sits in a tree in an
attempt to stop the removal of a tree or to impede the demolition of an
area with the longest and most famous tree-sitter being Julia Butterfly Hill,
who spent 738 days in a California Redwood, saving a three-acre tract of
forest.
Sit-in is a form of activism where one or any number of people occupy a
place as a form of protest.

11. ENVIRONMENTALISTS IN NEW ZEALAND
The environmental movement in New Zealand started in the 1960s, a
period of rapid social change.
The environmental movement eventually spawned the Values Party, which
was the first political party with a strong focus on environmental issues to
contest national elections.
The Values Party eventually morphed into the Green Party of Aotearoa
New Zealand.

12. MANAPOURI POWER PROJECT
A number of commentators consider that the earliest major environmental
issue in New Zealand was the national campaign to prevent the raising of
the levels of Lakes Manapouri and Te Anau as part of stage two of the
development of the Manapouri Power Project.
A "Save Manapouri Campaign" ran from 1959 through to 1962, involving
organisations such as the Forest and Bird Protection Society and the
Scenery Preservation Society, resulting in two petitions to parliament and
the formation of the Nature Conservation Council, a government advisory
body.

13. CAMPAIGNS
Other major issues have included nuclear energy, preventing native forest
logging and halting the growing of GE food crops.
Logging protests occurred in Whirinaki, Pureora, and on the West Coast of
the South Island.
As of 2017 the environmental movement is active in many areas, including
opposition to new large-scale hydro dams, protecting conservation land
from mining and preventing overuse of water resources.

14. ORGANISATIONS
The largest conservation organisation, formed in 1923, is Forest and Bird.
Greenpeace New Zealand carries out advocacy and direct action in and
around New Zealand.
Environment and Conservation Organisations of Aotearoa New Zealand
(ECO) is an umbrella organisation of about 70 environmental organisations.