Gita teaches us that every profession, business, research, service, education, sports and art; be evolved into SWADHARMA (Holistic Health or SUPERLIVING); by connecting (YOGA) ourselves with our true SELF viz. cosmic consciousness.
THREE ASSUMPTIONS
The time has come for the practice of NAMASMARAN to open our eyes to the reality inside and outside; and empower and enable us to realize the process of individual and universal blossoming i.e. holistic renaissance.
Health in 1st chapter of geeta; dr. shriniwas kashalikar.txtshriniwas kashalikar
. Namasmaran; by virtue of its almost universal acceptability, simplicity, non-technicality and inexpensiveness has the potential to be beneficial in stress management, to majority of people in the world, irrespective of age, sex, occupation, socioeconomic stratum, race, religion, culture, ideology, nationality.
They kept on searching through their dedicated study and experiments; the root cause of the thoughts, feelings, passions, actions, metabolic processes; and for that matter everything going on in the living and nonliving universe.
Let us realize the fact that; the vicious cycle of stress distorting education and distorted education causing and multiplying stress e.g. in the form of reservation policy, mere opposition to it and ill effects of all this; in individual and social life; can NOT be managed effectively unless and until; a situation; where millions are “imprisoned” in unproductive work and millions are forced into unemployment and inhuman cheap child labor; is eradicated through holistic education policy (and its implementation; at international, national and local levels; through the laws, government rules and public awareness, consensus and participation).
In short; semantics are important in amicable dialogue; up to a certain limit, beyond which the common subtle and unspoken experience beyond semantics; lets us realize the unity and harmony. It is said that this happens through NAMASMARAN.
It is necessary to understand that equality in its true spirit is actually; commonality that runs through not only all human beings; but also through other species. Hence appreciation of this commonality is true spirit of equality; and most justifiably upholds with utmost intensity; the provision of everything that is required for the blossoming of all the individuals and the species!
This value of provision of everything for the total blossoming of one and all; is magnanimous, insuperable, invincible and essential. It helps everyone to ascend from; getting all the optimal material provisions; to the ultimate aspiration of realization of the eternal bliss.
Based on this holistic perspective; we can evolve and practice international policies, plans, programs, laws, conventions, national constitutions, local laws/rules essential for realizing the visions of Buddha, Marx and Dr. Ambedkar! This is Total Stress Management i.e. blossoming of one and all!
It is said by the saints; that; for the true equality to materialize; it is urgent and essential that; in addition to the billions of people practicing NAMASMARAN; many more billions; in every nook and corner of the world; have to practice NAMASMARAN; with far greater intensity and selflessness.
THREE ASSUMPTIONS
The time has come for the practice of NAMASMARAN to open our eyes to the reality inside and outside; and empower and enable us to realize the process of individual and universal blossoming i.e. holistic renaissance.
Health in 1st chapter of geeta; dr. shriniwas kashalikar.txtshriniwas kashalikar
. Namasmaran; by virtue of its almost universal acceptability, simplicity, non-technicality and inexpensiveness has the potential to be beneficial in stress management, to majority of people in the world, irrespective of age, sex, occupation, socioeconomic stratum, race, religion, culture, ideology, nationality.
They kept on searching through their dedicated study and experiments; the root cause of the thoughts, feelings, passions, actions, metabolic processes; and for that matter everything going on in the living and nonliving universe.
Let us realize the fact that; the vicious cycle of stress distorting education and distorted education causing and multiplying stress e.g. in the form of reservation policy, mere opposition to it and ill effects of all this; in individual and social life; can NOT be managed effectively unless and until; a situation; where millions are “imprisoned” in unproductive work and millions are forced into unemployment and inhuman cheap child labor; is eradicated through holistic education policy (and its implementation; at international, national and local levels; through the laws, government rules and public awareness, consensus and participation).
In short; semantics are important in amicable dialogue; up to a certain limit, beyond which the common subtle and unspoken experience beyond semantics; lets us realize the unity and harmony. It is said that this happens through NAMASMARAN.
It is necessary to understand that equality in its true spirit is actually; commonality that runs through not only all human beings; but also through other species. Hence appreciation of this commonality is true spirit of equality; and most justifiably upholds with utmost intensity; the provision of everything that is required for the blossoming of all the individuals and the species!
This value of provision of everything for the total blossoming of one and all; is magnanimous, insuperable, invincible and essential. It helps everyone to ascend from; getting all the optimal material provisions; to the ultimate aspiration of realization of the eternal bliss.
Based on this holistic perspective; we can evolve and practice international policies, plans, programs, laws, conventions, national constitutions, local laws/rules essential for realizing the visions of Buddha, Marx and Dr. Ambedkar! This is Total Stress Management i.e. blossoming of one and all!
It is said by the saints; that; for the true equality to materialize; it is urgent and essential that; in addition to the billions of people practicing NAMASMARAN; many more billions; in every nook and corner of the world; have to practice NAMASMARAN; with far greater intensity and selflessness.
The only answer to these questions; appears to be that; the quantum and the intensity of NAMASMARAN and being oriented to the true self; or the center of cosmic consciousness; or the center of universe; has yet to reach the optimal point; for successfully conquering stress; through holistic perspective, policies, programs, planning and implementation at individual and global levels; in everyday life!
Hence it is said; “To prevent VINASHA; avoid the company of those, who forget, deny or denounce God i.e. self; and/or malign their motherland, guru, mother and father! Such avoidance; whether physical, mental or intellectual; is possible; only through the unshakable and steadfast persistence in the practice of NAMASMARAN.
Is it not possible to successfully tread through the four progressive stages of traditional stress management and prevent VINASHA in some other simpler ways and/or through some short cuts? This question is more difficult than; “Is it possible to shorten the period of gestation in womb?”
4. Hence; when people of the world; get exasperated and exhausted; by religious, intellectual, ideological and political conflicts and indiscriminate violence on the one hand; and indulgence that drains the spirit and erodes from within; on the other; and begin to desperately seek peace and harmony; they would certainly get it; in India.
5. This is also because; even as India may look sick and sultry; and be ridiculed and betrayed by her own inhabitants; from time to time; the places of pilgrimage; spread in nook and corner of India; ooze out and emanate ambrosia of eternal immortal bliss; and provide solace to every visitor; without any kind of discrimination!
6. The seekers of truth from any and every corner of the world; are not only bound to get the ambrosia of eternal immortal bliss, in India; but also; the inspiration of the holistic perspective, policies, plans, programs and their implementation; so much pivotal and vital in individual and universal blossoming i.e. holistic renaissance.
Being BRAHMANA is; the vitalization, promotion, regulation, coordination and harmonization of the KSHATRIYA, VAISHYA and SHUDRA elements; inside and outside; and realizing blossoming of individual and universe, as envisaged by Saint Dnyaneshwar in his PASAYA DAANA.
We all; irrespective of birth; have a privilege and opportunity to evolve as BRAHMANA; through NAMASMARAN; and participate in the process of blossoming of one and all. Merely blaming BRAHMANA or any other community as such; is suicidal for us; and also bound to throttle and jeopardize; the process of individual and global blossoming!
Namasmaran reorients us to our true selves. It empowers us to fulfill our role in any given situation in an accurate and satisfactory manner to defeat true violence i.e. forgetting true self (ADHARMA) and promote; true nonviolence i.e. reorientation to true self (DHARMA). This is called DHARMYA YUDDHA (not DHARMA YUDDHA) in Gita.
Nirogi mata marathi guide on maternal health dr. shriniwas kashalikarshriniwas kashalikar
. Namasmaran; by virtue of its almost universal acceptability, simplicity, non-technicality and inexpensiveness has the potential to be beneficial in stress management, to majority of people in the world, irrespective of age, sex, occupation, socioeconomic stratum, race, religion, culture, ideology, nationality.
The only answer to these questions; appears to be that; the quantum and the intensity of NAMASMARAN and being oriented to the true self; or the center of cosmic consciousness; or the center of universe; has yet to reach the optimal point; for successfully conquering stress; through holistic perspective, policies, programs, planning and implementation at individual and global levels; in everyday life!
Hence it is said; “To prevent VINASHA; avoid the company of those, who forget, deny or denounce God i.e. self; and/or malign their motherland, guru, mother and father! Such avoidance; whether physical, mental or intellectual; is possible; only through the unshakable and steadfast persistence in the practice of NAMASMARAN.
Is it not possible to successfully tread through the four progressive stages of traditional stress management and prevent VINASHA in some other simpler ways and/or through some short cuts? This question is more difficult than; “Is it possible to shorten the period of gestation in womb?”
4. Hence; when people of the world; get exasperated and exhausted; by religious, intellectual, ideological and political conflicts and indiscriminate violence on the one hand; and indulgence that drains the spirit and erodes from within; on the other; and begin to desperately seek peace and harmony; they would certainly get it; in India.
5. This is also because; even as India may look sick and sultry; and be ridiculed and betrayed by her own inhabitants; from time to time; the places of pilgrimage; spread in nook and corner of India; ooze out and emanate ambrosia of eternal immortal bliss; and provide solace to every visitor; without any kind of discrimination!
6. The seekers of truth from any and every corner of the world; are not only bound to get the ambrosia of eternal immortal bliss, in India; but also; the inspiration of the holistic perspective, policies, plans, programs and their implementation; so much pivotal and vital in individual and universal blossoming i.e. holistic renaissance.
Being BRAHMANA is; the vitalization, promotion, regulation, coordination and harmonization of the KSHATRIYA, VAISHYA and SHUDRA elements; inside and outside; and realizing blossoming of individual and universe, as envisaged by Saint Dnyaneshwar in his PASAYA DAANA.
We all; irrespective of birth; have a privilege and opportunity to evolve as BRAHMANA; through NAMASMARAN; and participate in the process of blossoming of one and all. Merely blaming BRAHMANA or any other community as such; is suicidal for us; and also bound to throttle and jeopardize; the process of individual and global blossoming!
Namasmaran reorients us to our true selves. It empowers us to fulfill our role in any given situation in an accurate and satisfactory manner to defeat true violence i.e. forgetting true self (ADHARMA) and promote; true nonviolence i.e. reorientation to true self (DHARMA). This is called DHARMYA YUDDHA (not DHARMA YUDDHA) in Gita.
Nirogi mata marathi guide on maternal health dr. shriniwas kashalikarshriniwas kashalikar
. Namasmaran; by virtue of its almost universal acceptability, simplicity, non-technicality and inexpensiveness has the potential to be beneficial in stress management, to majority of people in the world, irrespective of age, sex, occupation, socioeconomic stratum, race, religion, culture, ideology, nationality.
समाजात; आणि विशेषत: सर्व प्रकारच्या सत्ताकेंद्रांत जेवढे नामस्मरण वाढेल, तेवढ्या अधिकाधिक प्रमाणात समाजामधील सर्व स्तरांवरील क्रिया आणि प्रतिक्रिया अधिकाधिक पूर्वग्रहरहित (न्यायपूर्ण) आणि म्हणून कल्याणकारक होतात आणि व्यक्ती आणि समाजाचा सर्वांगीण विकास वेगाने होऊ लागतो.
ज्याप्रमाणे चुलीमुळे आग नियंत्रित होते आणि तिची धग भांड्याला नीटपणे लागून अन्न वेळेमध्ये शिजते, त्याचप्रमाणे जीवनातील सर्व भोगांची आणि उपभोगांची धग नामस्मरणरुपी चुलीमुळे अंतरात्म्याकडे पोचते आणि अंतरात्म्यामध्ये समाधानरुपी अन्न शिजू लागते. साहजिकच आपले, आपल्या कुटुंबियांचे आणि समाजाचे समाधान होऊ लागते! ज्याप्रमाणे चुली आणि त्यांच्यातील आग कमी जास्त असते, त्याचप्रमाणे नामसाधकांच्या प्रगतीचे टप्पे देखील वेगवेगळे असतात. पण नामस्मरणाने समाधानाकडे वाटचाल होऊ लागते; हे केवळ सद्गुरू ब्रह्मचैतन्य श्री गोंदवलेकर महाराजांच्याच नव्हे तर सर्वच संत महात्म्यांच्या शिकवणीचे त्रिवार सत्य असे सार आहे.
ह्या अमृताचा अगदी अंशत: अनुभव देखील जीवन झळाळून टाकणारा असतो आणि तो येण्यासाठी चित्तशुद्धी होत राहण्याची आवश्यकता असते. ही चित्तशुद्धी नामस्मरणाद्वारे होत जाते आणि ती चित्तशुद्धी देखील कोणत्याही बाह्य लक्षणाने ओळखता येत नाही आणि दाखविता येत नाही!
नामसंकल्पयुक्त नामस्मरणाचे चैतन्याधिष्ठान आणि सद्गुरुंची गोड ओढ; यानी रटाळ क्षण उत्साहवर्धक बनतो, कंटाळवाणा दिवस सण बनतो आणि निरर्थक आयुष्य कृतार्थ बनते! कुणीही हे करून पाहिले तर याचा अनुभव येऊ शकेल.
होय! अशी एक पायाभूत सुविधा आहे! पूर्णपणे बिनखर्चाची, कुणाचेही अंत:करण आणि आणि अस्मिता न दुखावणारी आणि सर्वांनाच सहज शक्य अशी ही सुविधा आहे. ह्या सुविधेद्वारे सद्विचार, सद्भावना, सद्वासना, सत्संकल्प आणि विश्वकल्याणकारी आणि सतत विकसित होणारी सत्कार्ये अविरतपणे घडू लागतात. प्रत्येक व्यक्ती समाधानी आणि कृतार्थ होऊ लागते. अशी अत्याधिक अत्यावश्यक पायाभूत सुविधा म्हणजे नामस्मरण
“नाम घेणाऱ्याला सत्कर्म टाळू म्हणता टाळता येत नाही” असे जेव्हां सद्गुरू श्री. ब्रह्मचैतन्य महाराज गोंदवलेकर म्हणतात, तेव्हां त्यांमध्ये वरील सर्वकाही अंतर्भूत आहे, म्हणजेच वेळ, पैसा आणि शक्ती यांचे (अर्थात आयुष्याचे) सर्वोत्तम व्यवस्थापन अनुस्यूत आहे!
परंतु पूर्वजन्मीच्या किंवा ह्या जन्मीच्या नामस्मरणाने; स्वत:च्या आणि इतरांच्या कल्याणाविषयी जी वैचारिक स्पष्टता येते ती स्पष्टता, जी गोड आणि उत्कट आस्था तयार होते ती आस्था, आणि त्या अनुरोधाने जी मन:पूर्वक कृती घडते ती कृती; ह्या तीनही बाबी मात्र हृदयाच्या अगदी जवळ असतात.
१. केवळ वाचन आणि चर्चेने नामस्मरणाच्या ह्या विश्वकल्याणकारी सामर्थ्याची संकल्पना काही प्रमाणात येऊ शकेल, पण त्याची प्रचीती येण्यासाठी नामस्मरण करणेच अत्यावश्यक आहे. किंबहुना, नामस्मरणाला पर्याय नाही असे म्हटले तरी ते अतिशयोक्त ठरणार नाही!
आपणा सर्वांना निकोप जीवनासाठी आणि जीवनाच्या सार्थकतेसाठी नामस्मरणाची, श्रीक्षेत्र गोंदवल्याची आणि अश्या प्रसाद व महाप्रसादाची अत्यंत तीव्र आणि निकडीची गरज आहे!
नामस्मरण करत प्रसाद किंवा महाप्रसाद वाढणारे आणि ग्रहण करणारे सर्वच जण ईश्वराप्रती किंवा आपल्या सद्गुरुप्रती कृतज्ञ असतात आणि कृतार्थ असतात! यातून परस्परांच्या कल्याणाची सद्वासना, सद्भावना, सद्विचार, आणि सत्संकल्प यांचे पोषण होऊन सर्वांचे उत्थान अधिक जोमाने गतिमान होते.
सद्गुरू श्री. ब्रह्मचैतन्य गोंदवलेकर महाराज म्हणतात, "आंधळ्याने पाणी भरावे तसे नाम घ्यावे. भांडे भरले किती आणि रिकामे किती, हे त्याला समजत नाही. तो भरतच राहतो. तसे नाम सतत घेत राहावे. देहाच्या कणाकणातून नामाचा ध्वनी केव्हाही यावा इतके नाम घ्यावे. सुरुवातीला रामनाम असे मुरले की पुन्हा जास्त लक्ष द्यावे लागत नाही. आपोआप देहाचे सारे कण नामजप करतात."
आम्ही सर्वच माध्यमवाल्यांनी नामस्मरणाचा अत्यंत आस्थेने अभ्यास, अगत्यपूर्वक अंगिकार आणि जीव तोडून प्रसार केला पाहिजे ह्याची खोलवर आणि तीव्र जाणीव झाली आणि त्यातच आमचे आणि सर्वांचे भले आहे ह्याबद्दल खात्री झाली!!
तुमची परम कृपा मात्र प्राणवायूप्रमाणे चिरंतन, चैतन्यमय, स्फूर्तिदायी आणि शाश्वत समाधान देणारी आहे! नामस्मरणाच्या आणि तज्जन्य सद्बुद्धीच्या, सद्भावनांच्या, सद्वासनांच्या, सत्संकल्पांच्या आणि सत्कर्माच्या रूपाने ती माझ्यासारख्या सर्वांना उपलब्ध झाली आहे!
श्रीराम समर्थ!
सतत नामस्मरण घडू लागले, गुरुची सत्ता पदोपदी जाणवू लागली, गुरुचे सानिध्य क्षणोक्षणी जाणवू लागले, जगण्याची उमेद वाढली, आजारपणाची आणि मृत्त्युची भीती गेली; आणि विशेष म्हणजे; ह्यापेक्षा वेगळे ध्येय गाठण्याची व त्यासाठी अधिक काही करण्याची उर्मी गेली तर तोच साक्षात्कार नाही का?
ह्यामुळे आहे त्या परिस्थितीत नामस्मरण टिकू लागते आणि वाढू लागते! आश्चर्याची बाब म्हणजे आपल्या लक्षात येऊ लागते की हीच ती खरी शांतता, खरी विश्रांती आणि हीच ती (स्वत:, इतर आणि परिस्थिती यांच्यामधल्या) खऱ्या सुधारणेची ईश्वरी प्रक्रिया!
Our Sadguru Shri Brahmachaitanya Maharaj Gondavalekar said, “Trust that the practice of NAMASMARAN as prescribed by Guru would emancipate the universe! Lord Rama would bless!”
नामाच्या सत्तेनेच आपल्या कळत-नकळत; सदभिरुची, सदिच्छा, सत्संकल्प, सत्प्रेरणा, सत्बुद्धी, सद्भावना, सद्वासना, सदाचार; म्हणजेच सद्गुरू ब्रह्मचैतन्य श्री. गोंदवलेकर महाराजांना अभिप्रेत असलेली संस्कृती आणि सुधारणा; व्यक्तिगत आणि सामाजिक जीवनात अधिकाधिक प्रमाणात आविष्कृत होत असतात!
पण काळजी करण्याचे कारण नाही. आपल्या इच्छे-अनिच्छेपलिकडे; विश्वचैतन्याची जननी आपली गुरुमाउली सर्व बऱ्या वाईट प्रसंगात आपल्याला सांभाळून आपल्याला चैतन्यामृतपान करवीत आहे. आपल्याकडून नामस्मरण आणि स्वधर्मपालन वाढत्या प्रमाणात करवीत आहे. सदभिरुची, सदिच्छा, सत्संकल्प, सत्प्रेरणा, सत्बुद्धी, सद्भावना, सद्वासना, सदाचार यांनी आपले व्यक्तिगत आणि सामाजिक जीवन अधिकाधिक प्रमाणात भरून टाकीत आहे! नामस्मरण करता करता आपल्याला नक्कीच याचा अनुभव येतो!
पण; काळजी करण्याचे कारण नाही. आपल्या इच्छे-अनिच्छेपलिकडे; विश्वचैतन्याची जननी आपली गुरुमाउली सर्व बऱ्या वाईट प्रसंगात आपल्याला सांभाळून आपल्याला चैतन्यामृतपान करवीत आहे. आपल्याकडून नामस्मरण आणि स्वधर्मपालन वाढत्या प्रमाणात करवीत आहे. सदभिरुची, सदिच्छा, सत्संकल्प, सत्प्रेरणा, सत्बुद्धी, सद्भावना, सद्वासना, सदाचार यांनी आपले व्यक्तिगत आणि सामाजिक जीवन अधिकाधिक प्रमाणात भरून टाकीत आहे! नामस्मरण करता करता आपल्याला नक्कीच याचा अनुभव येतो!
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
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Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
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TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
2. My physical, instinctual, emotional and intellectual realms are
contradictory and cause conflicts. Even as I keep discussing, reading
and experimenting; they keep multiplying and deepened; instead of
getting resolved.
I keep on vacillating between physical pleasures and renunciation,
atheism and theism, violence and nonviolence, glamour and austerity,
regionalism and internationalism, fear and bravery, followership and
leadership and so on!
Fears of dejection, humiliation, and defamation, loss of the loved
ones, illness, death and old age seem to make me miserable; even as I
try to think and act globally and holistically.
Gita is a divine mother. She soothes, heals, inspires, nurtures and
empowers all my faculties towards individual and global blossoming.
She propels me into the eternal life, in which the deaths and births are
contingents!
How does she do this?
She teaches through the arguments, which tear off subjective
paradigms, including those of life and death; and enables me to
transcend from my limited and mortal physical existence; to my
cosmic reality, see my cosmic and unfathomable nature.
Since it is difficult to be (or even remain focused on) this SELF; she
teaches me the ways; together called SWADHARMA; which help in
3. this. Since SWADHARMA culminates in self realization, which is
beyond words, space and time; it is beyond tangible, specific and
demonstrable results. Naturally; Gita teaches us to NOT follow the
results!
Gita teaches us that every profession, business, research, service,
education, sports and art; be evolved into SWADHARMA (Holistic
Health or SUPERLIVING); by connecting (YOGA) ourselves with
our true SELF viz. cosmic consciousness.
One of the best ways connecting this way; is NAMASMARAN. It is
the simplest way. It is upheld by almost all saints, creeds, traditions,
prophets and religions, although with different semantics, methods
and techniques.