The document provides an overview of common Git operations including initializing a local Git repository with git init, cloning an existing remote repository with git clone, tracking and committing files with git add and git commit, ignoring files with .gitignore, pushing commits to a remote repository with git push, squashing commits with git squash, branching and switching branches with git branch and git checkout, merging branches with git merge, and creating pull requests to merge branches between remote and local repositories.

1. Git Operation 101
Kyohei Moriyama

2. Git init
Create Git repos locally

3. Git clone
Clone repository from remote
Remote repository
Local repository

4. Git add
Local repository
Add files that will be managed by local repos
$git add <localfiles>
Local repository
Add files that will be managed by local repos
$git add –A # add all files on local directory

5. .gitignore # special file for git
If you don’t want to add some specific files to git repository,
you can use .gitignore special files on your git repos.
<.gitignore>
.env
.xxx
.oooo
.bashrc … etc…
You can refer to the following url to find your .gitignore that you may like for your programming language…
https://github.com/github/gitignore

6. Git commit
Local repository
commit 8aeaasdfasdfasdfasdf614739a73a570730edefa8 (HEAD -> master,
origin/master, origin/HEAD)
Author: dasfsad <asdfasdf@microsoft.com>
Date: Tue Jul 21 09:45:10 2020 +0800
commit message #3
commit f8f3a8asdfasdfad85b3cc4b3c38af75006aaf348
Author: asdfasdf <hlkasjdf@gmail.com>
Date: Mon Jul 20 17:42:23 2020 +0800
commit message #2
commit 042101asdfasdfasdfdf7f086a42c96e0d2a
Author: asdfaker sadfajlke <asdfasdfasdf@gmail.com>
Date: Mon Jul 20 17:02:32 2020 +0800
commit message #1
Commit change file to your local repos,
commit required commit message like below.
$git commit –m “commit message is here”
commit #1 commit #2 commit #3

7. Git push
remote repository
commit 8aeaasdfasdfasdfasdf614739a73a570730edefa8 (HEAD -> master,
origin/master, origin/HEAD)
Author: dasfsad <asdfasdf@microsoft.com>
Date: Tue Jul 21 09:45:10 2020 +0800
commit message #3
commit f8f3a8asdfasdfad85b3cc4b3c38af75006aaf348
Author: asdfasdf <hlkasjdf@gmail.com>
Date: Mon Jul 20 17:42:23 2020 +0800
commit message #2
commit 042101asdfasdfasdfdf7f086a42c96e0d2a
Author: asdfaker sadfajlke <asdfasdfasdf@gmail.com>
Date: Mon Jul 20 17:02:32 2020 +0800
commit message #1
Local repository
commit 8aeaasdfasdfasdfasdf614739a73a570730edefa8 (HEAD -> master,
origin/master, origin/HEAD)
Author: dasfsad <asdfasdf@microsoft.com>
Date: Tue Jul 21 09:45:10 2020 +0800
commit message #3
commit f8f3a8asdfasdfad85b3cc4b3c38af75006aaf348
Author: asdfasdf <hlkasjdf@gmail.com>
Date: Mon Jul 20 17:42:23 2020 +0800
commit message #2
commit 042101asdfasdfasdfdf7f086a42c96e0d2a
Author: asdfaker sadfajlke <asdfasdfasdf@gmail.com>
Date: Mon Jul 20 17:02:32 2020 +0800
commit message #1

8. Git squash
Local repository
commit 8aeaasdfasdfasdfasdf614739a73a570730edefa8 (HEAD -> master,
origin/master, origin/HEAD)
Author: dasfsad <asdfasdf@microsoft.com>
Date: Tue Jul 21 09:45:10 2020 +0800
commit message #3
commit 042101asdfasdfasdfdf7f086a42c96e0d2a
Author: asdfaker sadfajlke <asdfasdfasdf@gmail.com>
Date: Mon Jul 20 17:02:32 2020 +0800
commit message #1
commit #1 commit #2 commit #3

9. Git branch
Local repository : ☆master branch
commit #1
Local repository : patch-1 branch
commit #1

10. Git checkout
Local repository : master branch
commit #1
Local repository : ☆patch-1 branch
commit #1
Check out has meaning changing branch to others on local repos.

11. Git branch -> checkout -> commit
Local repository : master branch
commit #1
Local repository : patch-1 branch
commit #1 commit #2

12. Git branch -> checkout -> commit -> merge
Local repository : master branch
commit #1
Local repository : patch-1 branch
commit #1 commit #2
commit #2

13. Git branch -> checkout -> commit -> push to remote patch branch
remote repository : patch branch
commit #1
Local repository : patch-1 branch
commit #1 commit #2
commit #2
Local repository : master branch
commit #1

14. Git branch -> checkout -> commit -> push to remote patch branch
-> pull request
remote repository : patch branch
commit #1
Local repository : patch-1 branch
commit #1 commit #2
commit #2
Local repository : master branch
commit #1
remote repository : master branch
commit #1
Pull request

15. Git branch -> checkout -> commit -> push to remote patch branch
-> pull request -> pull accept/merge
Remote repository : patch branch
commit #1
Local repository : patch-1 branch
commit #1 commit #2
commit #2
Local repository : master branch
commit #1
Remote repository : master branch
commit #1
Pull accept / marge
commit #2