The document provides an overview of the anatomy of the gingiva. It discusses the nerve supply, blood supply, lymphatic drainage and microscopic anatomy of the gingiva. It also covers the development, color, size, contour, shape, consistency, surface texture, and position of the gingiva. The document summarizes repair and healing of the gingiva, age-related changes, gingival diseases, clinical considerations like biological width and gingival biotype, and defines the different types of oral mucosa including alveolar mucosa.
This document provides an overview of the gingiva. It begins with definitions of gingiva from various sources and discusses the development, macroscopic features, microscopic features, fibers, cells, vascular supply, nerve supply, and matrix of the gingiva. Specifically, it describes the development of gingiva from mesoderm, its division into marginal, attached, and interdental papilla. It also discusses the layers of the gingival epithelium, the keratinization process, and cell types present like keratinocytes and non-keratinocytes.
macroscopic/ clinical features of gingiva
With video clips
Short video descriptions
Lecture for 3rd BDS students
Periodontology
Periodontics aspect
Clinical features of the gingiva
Described here are the clinical features of gingiva, the various stages of gingivitis and the clinical features associated with them. The microscopic features have been described on a different slide presentation.
DR SWARNEET KAKPURE
THIS SEMINAR COVERS ALL ASPECTS OF GINGIVA,ITS MACROSCOPIC & MICROSCOPIC FEATURES, GINGIVAL CREVICULAR FLUID
,CLINICAL FEATURES ,GINGIVAL FIBRES,ARTERIAL SUPPLY
& NERVE SUPPLY,LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE ALONG WITH
GINGIVAL DISEASES
REFERANCE BOOK- CARANZZA TEXTBOOK OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY
The document discusses the gingiva, which is the gum tissue surrounding the teeth. It defines gingiva and describes its functions of protecting the underlying tissues and maintaining periodontal health. The gingiva develops with tooth formation and eruption. Microscopically, it consists of stratified squamous epithelium and connective tissue. The epithelium can be oral, sulcular, or junctional depending on its location. The document also describes the anatomical structures of the gingiva including the marginal, attached, and interdental gingiva as well as the gingival sulcus.
This document provides an overview of the macroscopic and microscopic anatomy of the gingiva. It discusses the different types of gingiva including the marginal, attached, and interdental gingiva. Microscopically, it describes the oral, sulcular, and junctional epithelium, as well as the development of the junctional epithelium during tooth eruption. It also reviews the cells and layers present in the gingival epithelium, the epithelium-connective tissue interface, and components of the gingival connective tissue.
This document provides an overview of gingival diseases and their management. It begins with an introduction to gingiva and gingivitis. It then classifies and describes the characteristics, course, and components of gingival inflammation. It discusses experimental gingivitis and the characteristics of plaque-induced gingivitis. It also covers the prevalence, distribution, and stages of gingival inflammation from initial to established lesions. The document provides detail on the histological changes that occur at each stage of gingival inflammation.
The document provides an overview of the anatomy of the gingiva. It begins with definitions of gingiva from various sources and discusses the embryology and origin from both ectoderm and mesoderm. The macroscopic anatomy section describes the different types of gingiva - marginal, interdental papilla, and attached gingiva. The microscopic anatomy sections cover the epithelial layers, basement membrane, and connective tissue components. Blood supply, nerve supply, and lymphatic drainage are also summarized briefly.
This document provides an overview of the gingiva. It begins with definitions of gingiva from various sources and discusses the development, macroscopic features, microscopic features, fibers, cells, vascular supply, nerve supply, and matrix of the gingiva. Specifically, it describes the development of gingiva from mesoderm, its division into marginal, attached, and interdental papilla. It also discusses the layers of the gingival epithelium, the keratinization process, and cell types present like keratinocytes and non-keratinocytes.
macroscopic/ clinical features of gingiva
With video clips
Short video descriptions
Lecture for 3rd BDS students
Periodontology
Periodontics aspect
Clinical features of the gingiva
Described here are the clinical features of gingiva, the various stages of gingivitis and the clinical features associated with them. The microscopic features have been described on a different slide presentation.
DR SWARNEET KAKPURE
THIS SEMINAR COVERS ALL ASPECTS OF GINGIVA,ITS MACROSCOPIC & MICROSCOPIC FEATURES, GINGIVAL CREVICULAR FLUID
,CLINICAL FEATURES ,GINGIVAL FIBRES,ARTERIAL SUPPLY
& NERVE SUPPLY,LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE ALONG WITH
GINGIVAL DISEASES
REFERANCE BOOK- CARANZZA TEXTBOOK OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY
The document discusses the gingiva, which is the gum tissue surrounding the teeth. It defines gingiva and describes its functions of protecting the underlying tissues and maintaining periodontal health. The gingiva develops with tooth formation and eruption. Microscopically, it consists of stratified squamous epithelium and connective tissue. The epithelium can be oral, sulcular, or junctional depending on its location. The document also describes the anatomical structures of the gingiva including the marginal, attached, and interdental gingiva as well as the gingival sulcus.
This document provides an overview of the macroscopic and microscopic anatomy of the gingiva. It discusses the different types of gingiva including the marginal, attached, and interdental gingiva. Microscopically, it describes the oral, sulcular, and junctional epithelium, as well as the development of the junctional epithelium during tooth eruption. It also reviews the cells and layers present in the gingival epithelium, the epithelium-connective tissue interface, and components of the gingival connective tissue.
This document provides an overview of gingival diseases and their management. It begins with an introduction to gingiva and gingivitis. It then classifies and describes the characteristics, course, and components of gingival inflammation. It discusses experimental gingivitis and the characteristics of plaque-induced gingivitis. It also covers the prevalence, distribution, and stages of gingival inflammation from initial to established lesions. The document provides detail on the histological changes that occur at each stage of gingival inflammation.
The document provides an overview of the anatomy of the gingiva. It begins with definitions of gingiva from various sources and discusses the embryology and origin from both ectoderm and mesoderm. The macroscopic anatomy section describes the different types of gingiva - marginal, interdental papilla, and attached gingiva. The microscopic anatomy sections cover the epithelial layers, basement membrane, and connective tissue components. Blood supply, nerve supply, and lymphatic drainage are also summarized briefly.
The gingiva is the gum tissue that surrounds the teeth. It has several parts - the marginal gingiva forms the border around the teeth, the attached gingiva is firmly bound to the underlying bone, and the interdental papilla fills the spaces between teeth. Microscopically, it is made of stratified squamous epithelium overlying connective tissue. The junctional epithelium attaches it to the tooth surface. The gingiva provides protection and resilience to withstand forces from chewing. With age, it thins but dental plaque buildup can lead to gingivitis and periodontal disease if not removed.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
1. The document discusses the importance of soft tissue integration around dental implants for long term success. Proper soft tissue seals protects the bone and prevents bacterial access.
2. Anatomy and healing of natural tooth soft tissue differs from implants, which can lead to less resistance to inflammation and slower healing for implants. Factors like gingival biotype, keratinized tissue, abutment design and mucosal thickness influence soft tissue integration.
3. Surgical and non-surgical methods are used to manage soft tissue and address factors like thin mucosa. Proper case assessment and treatment of biologic width is important for integration and preventing bone loss.
This document provides an overview of gingiva anatomy and histology. It begins by defining gingiva as the oral mucosa that covers the alveolar processes and surrounds tooth necks. It then discusses the microscopic layers of gingival epithelium including the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, and stratum corneum. The document also describes the non-keratinocyte cells found in gingival epithelium such as Langerhans cells, melanocytes, and Merkel cells. Finally, it lists the different fiber types found in gingival connective tissue including collagen, reticulin, elastic, and oxytalan fibers.
The document provides information on periodontal pockets, including their definition, classification, clinical features, pathogenesis, histopathology, and microtopography. Key points include:
- Periodontal pockets are pathologically deepened gingival sulci that form due to apical migration of the junctional epithelium and/or coronal movement of the gingival margin.
- Pockets can be classified based on their morphology, relationship to bone, number of tooth surfaces involved, and nature of the soft tissue wall.
- Pocket formation involves destruction of gingival fibers and collagen by host inflammatory responses to bacterial plaque, leading to apical migration of junctional epithelium.
- Histologically, pocket walls
This document discusses clinical features of gingivitis and chronic periodontitis. It describes the signs and symptoms of gingivitis such as color changes, consistency changes, and bleeding. It also discusses the progression of inflammation from the gingiva to the supporting periodontal tissues. Finally, it outlines the characteristics, disease distribution, risk factors, and prevalence of chronic periodontitis.
Gingiva is the part of oral mucosa that covers the alveolar process of the jaw and surround the neck of teeth in collar like fashion.
It is a combination of epithelium and connective tissue.
The document provides an overview of the normal anatomy of the periodontium. It describes the four main components - gingiva, periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone. It then discusses the histology and clinical characteristics of each component, with a focus on the gingiva. Key points include that the gingiva is made up of epithelium and connective tissue, with the epithelium consisting of sulcular, junctional, and oral epithelium. The connective tissue contains collagen fibers and cells. Clinically, healthy gingiva is pale pink, resilient, and has a stippling surface texture.
1. Periodontal disease is caused by bacterial plaque accumulation on the teeth and gums, leading to inflammation and potential bone and tissue destruction if left untreated.
2. Proper oral hygiene through regular brushing and flossing is important to mechanically remove plaque and prevent periodontal disease. Effective brushing techniques like the roll method and Charter's method can help clean between teeth and massage gums.
3. In addition to home care, regular dental cleanings every 3-4 months may be needed to remove tartar buildup which can lead to periodontal disease. Maintaining good oral hygiene from a young age helps prevent periodontal problems.
This document discusses crown lengthening procedures and biological width. It defines biological width as the natural distance between the base of the gingival sulcus and alveolar bone, which is typically 2mm. Crown lengthening surgically exposes more tooth structure above the bone to avoid violating the biological width and prevent inflammation. The document outlines different types of crown lengthening procedures based on the available soft and hard tissue dimensions, as well as factors to consider like gingival biotype and restoration design. Maintaining at least 3mm of tooth structure above bone is recommended to allow for proper restorative margins and healing.
This document provides an overview of the anatomy and microscopic features of the gingiva. It defines the gingiva and describes its macroscopic features including the marginal, attached, and interdental gingiva. Microscopically, it discusses the epithelium and connective tissue layers. The epithelium is stratified squamous with keratinocytes as the main cell type. Other cell types include melanocytes, Langerhans cells, and Merkel cells. The document also reviews features such as the basal lamina, sulcular fluid, and renewal of the epithelial layers.
Effects of restorative procedure on periodontiumParth Thakkar
The document discusses several factors related to restoring teeth and maintaining periodontal health. Restorative procedures should aim to place margins in a supragingival location to avoid biological width violations that can cause inflammation and bone loss. Crown contours and materials should facilitate plaque removal. Esthetic considerations include maintaining ideal embrasure forms between teeth. Occlusion should distribute forces across all teeth to prevent trauma from excessive forces.
The document discusses several factors related to restoring teeth and maintaining periodontal health. Restorative procedures should aim to place margins in a supragingival location to avoid biological width violations. Overhanging restorations and poor marginal fit can promote plaque retention and inflammation. Proper crown contours are also important to allow for adequate cleaning. Esthetic considerations include maintaining ideal embrasure forms between teeth.
This document discusses the implications of oral prosthetics on oral mucosa. It begins by explaining the biomechanics of oral mucosa, including how it distributes loads and responds elastically and viscously to pressure. It then examines types of oral mucosa and discusses common mucosal pathologies from removable prosthetics like denture stomatitis and from fixed prosthetics like secondary caries. Specific mucosal conditions caused by ill-fitting dentures like flabby ridge and hyperplasia are also explained. The document emphasizes the importance of proper prosthetic design and maintenance of oral hygiene to prevent mucosal complications.
This document discusses clinical and microscopic changes that occur in gingivitis. It notes that gingivitis is characterized by inflammation of the gingiva caused by plaque bacteria. Key signs include redness, bleeding, changes in consistency from firm to soggy. Microscopically, there is thinning of sulcular epithelium and dilation of blood vessels. The document also outlines factors that can affect gingival features like color, contour, size, surface texture and position in health and disease.
This document discusses the different types of hypersensitivity reactions as classified by Gell and Coombs. It provides details on type I (immediate), type II (antibody-mediated), type III (immune complex-mediated), and type IV (delayed) hypersensitivity reactions, including the antibodies or cells involved, examples of diseases, and a brief description of the immunological reaction for each type. It also discusses contact stomatitis as an uncommon allergic reaction affecting the inside of the mouth.
The document provides an overview of lasers in dentistry, including:
1. A definition of lasers and their key characteristics of being monochromatic, coherent, and directional.
2. A brief history of lasers from early phototherapy research to the invention of the laser in 1960.
3. Descriptions of common dental laser types like CO2, Er:YAG, and Nd:YAG lasers and their applications like soft tissue surgery.
4. Advantages of lasers include reduced bleeding, less pain, and faster healing times compared to traditional scalpel procedures.
The gingiva is the gum tissue that surrounds the teeth. It has several parts - the marginal gingiva forms the border around the teeth, the attached gingiva is firmly bound to the underlying bone, and the interdental papilla fills the spaces between teeth. Microscopically, it is made of stratified squamous epithelium overlying connective tissue. The junctional epithelium attaches it to the tooth surface. The gingiva provides protection and resilience to withstand forces from chewing. With age, it thins but dental plaque buildup can lead to gingivitis and periodontal disease if not removed.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
1. The document discusses the importance of soft tissue integration around dental implants for long term success. Proper soft tissue seals protects the bone and prevents bacterial access.
2. Anatomy and healing of natural tooth soft tissue differs from implants, which can lead to less resistance to inflammation and slower healing for implants. Factors like gingival biotype, keratinized tissue, abutment design and mucosal thickness influence soft tissue integration.
3. Surgical and non-surgical methods are used to manage soft tissue and address factors like thin mucosa. Proper case assessment and treatment of biologic width is important for integration and preventing bone loss.
This document provides an overview of gingiva anatomy and histology. It begins by defining gingiva as the oral mucosa that covers the alveolar processes and surrounds tooth necks. It then discusses the microscopic layers of gingival epithelium including the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, and stratum corneum. The document also describes the non-keratinocyte cells found in gingival epithelium such as Langerhans cells, melanocytes, and Merkel cells. Finally, it lists the different fiber types found in gingival connective tissue including collagen, reticulin, elastic, and oxytalan fibers.
The document provides information on periodontal pockets, including their definition, classification, clinical features, pathogenesis, histopathology, and microtopography. Key points include:
- Periodontal pockets are pathologically deepened gingival sulci that form due to apical migration of the junctional epithelium and/or coronal movement of the gingival margin.
- Pockets can be classified based on their morphology, relationship to bone, number of tooth surfaces involved, and nature of the soft tissue wall.
- Pocket formation involves destruction of gingival fibers and collagen by host inflammatory responses to bacterial plaque, leading to apical migration of junctional epithelium.
- Histologically, pocket walls
This document discusses clinical features of gingivitis and chronic periodontitis. It describes the signs and symptoms of gingivitis such as color changes, consistency changes, and bleeding. It also discusses the progression of inflammation from the gingiva to the supporting periodontal tissues. Finally, it outlines the characteristics, disease distribution, risk factors, and prevalence of chronic periodontitis.
Gingiva is the part of oral mucosa that covers the alveolar process of the jaw and surround the neck of teeth in collar like fashion.
It is a combination of epithelium and connective tissue.
The document provides an overview of the normal anatomy of the periodontium. It describes the four main components - gingiva, periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone. It then discusses the histology and clinical characteristics of each component, with a focus on the gingiva. Key points include that the gingiva is made up of epithelium and connective tissue, with the epithelium consisting of sulcular, junctional, and oral epithelium. The connective tissue contains collagen fibers and cells. Clinically, healthy gingiva is pale pink, resilient, and has a stippling surface texture.
1. Periodontal disease is caused by bacterial plaque accumulation on the teeth and gums, leading to inflammation and potential bone and tissue destruction if left untreated.
2. Proper oral hygiene through regular brushing and flossing is important to mechanically remove plaque and prevent periodontal disease. Effective brushing techniques like the roll method and Charter's method can help clean between teeth and massage gums.
3. In addition to home care, regular dental cleanings every 3-4 months may be needed to remove tartar buildup which can lead to periodontal disease. Maintaining good oral hygiene from a young age helps prevent periodontal problems.
This document discusses crown lengthening procedures and biological width. It defines biological width as the natural distance between the base of the gingival sulcus and alveolar bone, which is typically 2mm. Crown lengthening surgically exposes more tooth structure above the bone to avoid violating the biological width and prevent inflammation. The document outlines different types of crown lengthening procedures based on the available soft and hard tissue dimensions, as well as factors to consider like gingival biotype and restoration design. Maintaining at least 3mm of tooth structure above bone is recommended to allow for proper restorative margins and healing.
This document provides an overview of the anatomy and microscopic features of the gingiva. It defines the gingiva and describes its macroscopic features including the marginal, attached, and interdental gingiva. Microscopically, it discusses the epithelium and connective tissue layers. The epithelium is stratified squamous with keratinocytes as the main cell type. Other cell types include melanocytes, Langerhans cells, and Merkel cells. The document also reviews features such as the basal lamina, sulcular fluid, and renewal of the epithelial layers.
Effects of restorative procedure on periodontiumParth Thakkar
The document discusses several factors related to restoring teeth and maintaining periodontal health. Restorative procedures should aim to place margins in a supragingival location to avoid biological width violations that can cause inflammation and bone loss. Crown contours and materials should facilitate plaque removal. Esthetic considerations include maintaining ideal embrasure forms between teeth. Occlusion should distribute forces across all teeth to prevent trauma from excessive forces.
The document discusses several factors related to restoring teeth and maintaining periodontal health. Restorative procedures should aim to place margins in a supragingival location to avoid biological width violations. Overhanging restorations and poor marginal fit can promote plaque retention and inflammation. Proper crown contours are also important to allow for adequate cleaning. Esthetic considerations include maintaining ideal embrasure forms between teeth.
This document discusses the implications of oral prosthetics on oral mucosa. It begins by explaining the biomechanics of oral mucosa, including how it distributes loads and responds elastically and viscously to pressure. It then examines types of oral mucosa and discusses common mucosal pathologies from removable prosthetics like denture stomatitis and from fixed prosthetics like secondary caries. Specific mucosal conditions caused by ill-fitting dentures like flabby ridge and hyperplasia are also explained. The document emphasizes the importance of proper prosthetic design and maintenance of oral hygiene to prevent mucosal complications.
This document discusses clinical and microscopic changes that occur in gingivitis. It notes that gingivitis is characterized by inflammation of the gingiva caused by plaque bacteria. Key signs include redness, bleeding, changes in consistency from firm to soggy. Microscopically, there is thinning of sulcular epithelium and dilation of blood vessels. The document also outlines factors that can affect gingival features like color, contour, size, surface texture and position in health and disease.
Similar to Gingiva.-. Part 1 & 2. Revised1.1.pptx (20)
This document discusses the different types of hypersensitivity reactions as classified by Gell and Coombs. It provides details on type I (immediate), type II (antibody-mediated), type III (immune complex-mediated), and type IV (delayed) hypersensitivity reactions, including the antibodies or cells involved, examples of diseases, and a brief description of the immunological reaction for each type. It also discusses contact stomatitis as an uncommon allergic reaction affecting the inside of the mouth.
The document provides an overview of lasers in dentistry, including:
1. A definition of lasers and their key characteristics of being monochromatic, coherent, and directional.
2. A brief history of lasers from early phototherapy research to the invention of the laser in 1960.
3. Descriptions of common dental laser types like CO2, Er:YAG, and Nd:YAG lasers and their applications like soft tissue surgery.
4. Advantages of lasers include reduced bleeding, less pain, and faster healing times compared to traditional scalpel procedures.
This document discusses various toothbrushing techniques and provides guidance on selecting the appropriate technique based on a patient's age, oral health status, and other factors. It describes techniques like rolling, Bass, Stillman, Charters, and Watanabe's method. The rolling technique is generally recommended, while Fones' is for preschoolers, Bass for gingivitis, Stillman for widespread gingivitis, and Charters for bridge wearers. Proper toothbrushing removes plaque and massages gums to improve oral health.
This document discusses the different types of hypersensitivity reactions as classified by Gell and Coombs. It provides details on type I (immediate), type II (antibody-mediated), type III (immune complex-mediated), and type IV (delayed or cell-mediated) hypersensitivity reactions. Key points include the antibodies or cells involved, the immunologic reactions that occur, examples of diseases associated with each type of hypersensitivity, and confirmation that the Mantoux test elicits a type IV delayed hypersensitivity reaction to tuberculosis.
This document provides an introduction to regenerative endodontics and minimally invasive endodontics. It discusses the goals of regenerative endodontics, which include eliminating symptoms, promoting bone healing, and increasing root length. Regenerative endodontics aims to replace damaged pulp and root structures using stem cells. The document reviews the history and terminology of regenerative endodontics. It also examines the tissue outcomes of regenerative procedures, discussing that repair rather than regeneration often occurs. The principles of regeneration and repair in endodontics are explored, as well as pulp biology and the use of bioactive materials to promote healing.
The document provides an overview of lasers in dentistry, including:
1. A definition of lasers and their key characteristics of being monochromatic, coherent, and directional.
2. A brief history of lasers from early phototherapy research to the invention of the laser in 1960.
3. Descriptions of common dental laser types like CO2, Er:YAG, and Nd:YAG lasers and their applications like soft tissue surgery.
4. Advantages of lasers include reduced bleeding, less need for sutures, and faster surgery times.
This document contains the answers to multiple choice questions about the bones that make up the human skull. It lists various skull bones, sutures, and landmarks, identifying each part labeled in a diagram. These include the frontal bone, parietal bone, occipital bone, sphenoid bone, temporal bone, zygomatic bone, maxilla, mandible, and others.
Radiographic interpretation involves analyzing radiographic images to diagnose dental issues. Radiographs provide diagnostic information and are used alongside clinical exams. Proper interpretation requires evaluating images for normal anatomy and any abnormalities. It is important to systematically examine radiographs for things like bone structure, teeth, and lesions. Any abnormalities detected must be carefully described based on their size, shape, location, density, and other characteristics to determine the potential issue. Radiographic interpretation is a key part of dental diagnosis.
The document discusses the relationship between systemic health conditions and periodontal diseases. It provides examples of how conditions like diabetes, hormonal fluctuations, hematological disorders, and medications like bisphosphonates can negatively impact periodontal health. Periodontal diseases are also implicated as risk factors for certain systemic conditions. The relationship between periodontal and systemic health is complex, with potential bidirectional effects.
This document provides definitions and details about the anatomy and microscopic structure of gingiva. It begins with definitions of gingiva from several sources and discusses the development, macroscopic anatomy including the different types of gingiva, and microscopic anatomy. The microscopic anatomy section describes the layers of the gingival epithelium and cell types present. It also discusses the different types of gingival epithelium including oral, sulcular, and junctional epithelium. In summary, the document provides a comprehensive overview of the definitions, structures, and histology of gingival tissues.
This document discusses the anatomy, histology, and clinical significance of the attached gingiva. It defines attached gingiva as the portion of gingiva firmly bound to the underlying alveolar bone. The normal width of attached gingiva is described to be greater in the anterior regions. Inadequate width is associated with increased risk of recession and plaque formation. Methods for measuring width and increasing width through surgery are presented. The importance of keratinized tissue for protection and force distribution is explained.
This document provides information on periodontal disease, including its etiology, pathogenesis, histopathology, classification, and prevalence. It discusses how periodontal disease is commonly known as gum disease, which is a gum infection that can damage the soft tissues and bone supporting the teeth. If left untreated, it can lead to tooth loosening and loss. The document also provides statistics on the prevalence of periodontal disease in the Philippines and United States. It outlines the histopathology of periodontal disease in four stages from initial lesion to advanced lesion. Classification schemes for different types of periodontitis are also presented.
A Rationale for Postsurgical Laser Use to Effectively Treat Dental Implants_F...DrCarlosIICapitan
This document describes two case reports that demonstrate how using a laser after regenerative surgery for peri-implantitis can lead to improved outcomes. In the first case, the initial surgery was only partially successful in treating advanced peri-implant bone loss. Five months later, the area was treated with an Nd:YAG laser, along with soft tissue curettage and antibiotics. One year later, the clinical outcomes had greatly improved with reduced soft tissue inflammation and probing depths within normal limits. The second case similarly showed improved results after using a CO2 laser following an initial unsuccessful regenerative surgery. The cases suggest that lasers may help treat peri-implantitis by removing titanium particles and cement remnants that can persist after other
Dental calculus, or tartar, is a hardened deposit that forms on teeth. It begins as dental plaque, which mineralizes on the tooth surface. Calculus forms in two locations: supragingival calculus forms above the gumline and is whitish in color, while subgingival calculus forms below the gumline and is dark in color. Several factors influence calculus formation, including saliva composition and bacterial activity. Calculus promotes the retention of dental plaque and can contribute to periodontal disease if not removed.
This document provides an overview of radiographic interpretation for periapical and panoramic dental x-rays. It discusses the objectives of understanding normal dental anatomy and interpreting pathology under radiographs. Key views covered include periapical and panoramic x-rays. The document outlines the normal radiographic anatomy seen in periapical and panoramic views and provides guidance on interpreting radiographs, including steps to localize, observe, consider generally, interpret, and correlate findings. Common dental structures and conditions that can be evaluated on radiographs are described, such as caries, pulp calcification, bone loss, restorations, and lesions.
This document provides a report on Division 8 of the Kiwanis International Philippine South District. It includes information on district governors, membership numbers and growth for each club, a list of activities conducted at both the division and club levels from October 2022 to March 2023, and service projects implemented by individual clubs. Key events mentioned include Kiwanis One Day, leadership education, installations, relief operations, feeding programs, and health initiatives focused on children and communities.
1) Advances in digital radiographic techniques have provided alternatives to conventional film-based radiography. Two-dimensional digital imaging modalities include intraoral and extraoral techniques like periapical, panoramic, and cephalometric imaging.
2) Digital intraoral imaging can be achieved indirectly by scanning conventional films, semi-directly using photo-stimulable phosphor plates, or directly with solid-state sensors like CCD and CMOS devices. Extraoral imaging uses CCD sensors in panoramic and cephalometric units.
3) Digital images allow for enhancements like adjustments to contrast and brightness as well as measurements not possible with conventional radiography. However, two-dimensional imaging can
Digital imaging has advantages over conventional radiography. Digital images can be enhanced by adjusting contrast and brightness or applying filters. Measurements can also be performed directly on digital images. This allows for image analysis functions like linear measurements. Digital imaging also decreases radiographic working time as images are available immediately and there is no film processing. However, digital images have less contrast compared to conventional films.
This document provides an introduction to regenerative endodontics, which aims to replace damaged dental structures through biological procedures rather than traditional root canal treatments. It defines key concepts like regeneration versus repair and discusses the history and components of regenerative endodontics. Specifically, it outlines sources of stem cells in the dental pulp, papilla, and periapical tissues that can be recruited to sites of injury and differentiated to produce new tissues. Growth factors and scaffolds provide signaling and structure to guide the stem cells in regeneration. The ultimate goals are to eliminate symptoms, enhance bone healing, and potentially increase root length, though complete regeneration of the original pulp-dentine complex is difficult to achieve.
This case report describes a 52-year-old female patient with hypertension who presented with gingival bleeding during toothbrushing. Clinical examination revealed poor oral hygiene, gingivitis, deposits, and generalized chronic periodontitis. Radiographs showed horizontal and vertical bone loss throughout the mouth. The treatment plan included nonsurgical scaling and root planing followed by possible periodontal surgery and extractions. The patient underwent supragingival scaling initially and was medically cleared for nonsurgical SRP, which was performed under local anesthesia. Follow up nonsurgical and possible surgical treatment was planned.
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
Adhd Medication Shortage Uk - trinexpharmacy.comreignlana06
The UK is currently facing a Adhd Medication Shortage Uk, which has left many patients and their families grappling with uncertainty and frustration. ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a chronic condition that requires consistent medication to manage effectively. This shortage has highlighted the critical role these medications play in the daily lives of those affected by ADHD. Contact : +1 (747) 209 – 3649 E-mail : sales@trinexpharmacy.com
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdfJim Jacob Roy
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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Gingiva.-. Part 1 & 2. Revised1.1.pptx
1. Si Dr. Carlos T. Capitan II
na po ang susunod .
Merry Christmas po sa inyong lahat !
2. CONTENTS
Nerve supply
Correlation of clinical and microscopic features
Repair/healing of gingiva
Age changes
Gingival diseases
Oral Mucosa- Alveolar Mucosa
Clinical considerations
Conclusion
References
Introduction
Definition
Development of gingiva
Macroscopic anatomy
Microscopic anatomy
Blood supply
Lymphaticdrainage
3. The nerve supply of gingiva follows the course of vascular supply. In the
maxilla, the gingiva is supplied by the posterior, middle and the anterior
superior alveolar nerve, branches of the infraorbital nerve, the greater palatine
nerve, and nasopalatine nerve.
NERVE SUPPLY
4. In the mandible, the gingiva is largely supplied by the inferior alveolar nerve.
The buccal nerve supplies the gingiva in relation to the molars and premolars.
The branches of the lingual nerve supply the gingiva on the lingual aspect of
all lower teeth. Most of the nerve endings in the gingiva terminate within the
lamina propria. Only a few nerve endings are present in the epithelium..
Various neural terminal
endings present in gingiva.
Include Meissner
corpuscles, krause type end
bulbs and encapsulated
spindles.
6. • Generally coral pink.
• Color is a result of:
• - Vascular supply Thickness
- Degree of keratinisation of epithelium,
- Presence of pigment containing cells.
• - Color to be correlated with cutaneous pigmentation
Color
7. Gingival Hyperpigmentation(melanin)
• It results from melanin granules, which are produced by melanoblasts.
Melanin, a non-hemoglobin–derived brown pigment, is the most common
of the endogenous pigments and is produced by melanocytes present in the
basal and suprabasal cell layers of the epithelium
• Prominent in blacks, diminished in albinos
As a diffuse , deep purplish discoloration or as irregularly shaped brown and
light brown patches and may appear as early as 3 hours after birth.
8. • 0.2 mm for marginal gingiva, 0-9 mm
for attached gingiva
Size
CHANGES IN SIZE OF
GINGIVA
- Normal size depends on the
sum of the bulk of cellular and
intercellular elements and their
vascular supply
- Alteration in size is a common feature of
gingival disease
- In disease, the size is increase in
bulk of cellular and intracellular
elements.
9. Contour
• Marginal gingiva envelops the teeth in collarlike fashion and follows a
scalloped outline on the facial and lingual surfaces.
• straight line - along teeth with relatively flat surfaces.
• accentuated - pronounced mesiodistal convexity (e.g., maxillary
canines) or teeth in labial version
• horizontal and thickened - in lingual version.
10. The shape of the interdental gingiva is governed by the contour of the
proximal tooth surfaces and the location and shape of the gingival
embrasures.
Anterior region of the dentition, the interdental papilla is pyramidal in form.
the papilla is more flattened in a buccolingual direction in the molar region.
Shape
11. • Shape depends on:
Presence/absence of contact
Distance btw contact point and osseous crest
Course of CEJ
Width of the approximate tooth surfaces
Presence/absence of recession.
12. Consistency
• Firm and resilient
• Collagenous nature of the lamina propria and
its contiguity with the mucoperiosteum
determine the firmness of the attached
gingiva.
• The gingival fibers contribute to the firmness
of the gingival margin.
• If the gingiva is suppressed, the
proteoglycans become deformed and recoil
when the pressure is eliminated.
• Thus, the macromolecules are important for
the resilience of the gingiva.
14. • Reduction of stippling – common sign of Gingival disease.
• Stippling returns when gingiva is restored to health.
• Keratinisation – protective adaptation , increased by tooth
brushing.
• In 40% of adults Gingiva show stippling.
• Generalized absence of stippling is seen in:
Infancy
Diseased conditions like gingival enlargements, mucocutaneous
lesions affecting gingiva, inflammation etc.,
15. Position
• The level at which the gingival margin is attached to the tooth.
• Continuous eruption, even after meeting their functional antagonists occurs through
out life
Active Eruption :Movement of teeth in the direction of occlusal plane
Passive Eruption: exposure of the tooth by apical migration of Gingiva
• Gottlieb : active and passive eruption go hand in hand.
• Active eruption is coordinated with attrition, to compensate for tooth
substance worn away.
• Attrition reduces the clinical crown and prevents it from becoming disproportionately
long in relation to the clinical root, thus avoiding excessive leverage on periodontal
tissue.
• Rate of active eruption is in pace with tooth wear in order to preserve vertical
dimension.
16.
17. • According to the concept of continuous eruption, the
gingival sulcus may be located on the crown, the
cementoenamel junction, or the root, depending on
the age of the patient and the stage of eruption.
• Therefore, some root exposure with age would be
considered normal and referred to as physiologic
recession.
• Again, this concept is not accepted at present.
• Excessive exposure is termed pathologic recession
GINGIVAL RECESSION OR ATROPHY
Exposure of the tooth via the apical migration of the gingiva is
called gingival recession or atrophy.
18. REPAIR/HEALING
OF GINGIVA
• Turnover rate is 10-12 days.
• It is one of the best healing tissues in the body with
little or no scarring.
• However the reparative capacity is lesser than that of
periodontal ligament and epithelial tissue.
19. AGE
CHANGES
Stippling usually disappears with age.
Width of the attached gingiva increases with age.
a. Gingival epithelium:
• Thinning and decreased keratinization
• Rete pegs flatten
• Migration of junctional epithelium apically.
• Reduced oxygen consumption.
b. Gingival connective tissue:
• Increased rate of conversion of soluble to insoluble collagen
• Increased mechanical strength of collagen
• Increased denaturing temperature of collagen
• Decreased rate of synthesis of collagen
• Greater collagen content.
20. GINGIVAL
DISEASES
Gingivitis associated with dental
plaque only
Gingival diseases modified by
systemic factors
Gingival diseases modified by
medications
Gingival diseases modified by
malnutrition
DENTAL-PLAQUE–
INDUCED
GINGIVAL
DISEASES
21. Gingival diseases of specific bacterial origin
Gingival diseases of viral origin
Gingival diseases of fungal origin
Gingival lesions of genetic origin
Gingival manifestations of systemic conditions
Traumatic lesions
Foreign-body reactions
Not otherwise specified
NONPLAQUE
INDUCED
GINGIVAL
DISEASES
22. CLINICAL
CONSIDERATIONS
• The biological width is defined as
the dimension of the soft tissue,
which is attached to the portion of
the tooth coronal to the crest of
the alveolar bone.
• Gargiulo et al.,:
• Established that there is a definite
proportional relationship between
the alveolar crest, the connective
tissue attachment, the epithelial
attachment, and the sulcus depth.
BIOLOGICAL WIDTH
23. • They reported the following mean dimensions:
A sulcus depth of 0.69 mm, (a)
an epithelial attachment of 0.97 mm,(b)
connective tissue attachment of 1.07 mm.(c)
The biologic width is commonly stated to be 2.04 mm,(b+c)
which represents the sum of the epithelial and connective tissue
measurements.
24. Biologic Width Evaluation:
1. Clinical (discomfort when the restoration margin levels are being assessed
with a periodontal probe)
2. Radiographs (for interproximjal violation but mesiofacial and distofacial line
angle not seen properly)
3. Bone sounding (probing under anesthesia)
If this distance is less than 2 mm or more at one or more locations, a diagnosis
of biologic width violation can be confirmed
Biologic width violation:
• Unpredictable bone loss
• Gingival recession
• Persistence of ginigivitis
25. GINGIVAL BIOTYPE
• Gingival biotype is described as the thickness of the gingiva in the
faciopalatal/ faciolingual dimension.
• Seibert and Lindhe categorized the gingiva into:
1. thick-flat: A gingival thickness of ≥ 2 mm
2. thin scalloped: a gingival thickness of <1.5 mm
• Significant impact on the outcome of the restorative, regenerative and
implant therapy.
• Direct co-relation exists with the susceptibility of gingival recession followed
by any surgical procedure.
26. Thick blunted:
Resists recession
reacts to surgical & restorative
insults with pocket formation
Thin scalloped:
Attached soft tissue is minimal
Bony dehiscence & fenestration defects
Reacts to surgical or restorative
interventions with ST recession, apical
migration of attachment & loss of
underlying alveolar volume .
27. Three primary types of oral mucosa:
1. lining mucosa
2. masticatory mucosa
3. specialized mucosa.
Oral Mucosa
Source: www.icoi.org glossary
Lining mucosa includes the buccal mucosa,
labial mucosa, alveolar mucosa, as well as the
mucosa lining the ventral surface of the tongue, floor
of the mouth, and soft palate. Histologically, lining
mucosa is a type that is associated with
nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Masticatory Mucosa. A stratified squamous
keratinized epithelium is found on surfaces subject to the
abrasion that occurs with mastication, e.g., the roof of the mouth
(palate) and gums (gingiva). The type of epithelium that covers
the lining mucosa is a non-keratinized stratified squamous
epithelium .
It is the rigid mucosa tightly bound to the underlying bone in the
attached gingiva and hard palate.
Specialized mucosa is found on the dorsal surface
of the tongue, as well as the lateral surface of the tongue, in the
form of the lingual papillae.
28. Alveolar mucosa
is the soft, thin mucous membrane
that sits above the marginal gingiva
and the attached gingiva, and continues
across the floor of the mouth, cheeks, and
lips. It is bright red in color due to being
rich with blood vessels, and is shiny and
smooth in appearance.
it is made up of nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium, making it
delicate and sometimes difficult to work with.
In oral implantology, it’s crucial to keep the alveolar mucosa intact, particularly
when implants are done in the front of the mouth. Disruption of the alveolar
mucosa can impact the aesthetic results of the procedure, leading to implant
failure. The buccal flap should be made carefully so as to keep the alveolar
mucosa intact.
29. 99
• Clinical Periodontology By Carranza, 12th Edition
• Clinical Periodontology And Implant Dentistry By Jan
Lindhe, 4th Edition.
• Biology Of Periodontal Connective Tissue-bartold And
Sampath Narayana
• Oral Histology, Development, Structure And Function – A.R.
Tencate, 5th Edition
• PERIODONTICS REVISITED Shalu Bathla, 1st Edition
REFERENCES
30. • Gingival tissues play a key role in the protection of tooth
structures and supporting periodontal tissues against trauma
and/or infection
• Making the gingival health, a very essential component for the
success of all periodontal treatment procedures.
• Therefore, Gingiva, a small tissue is a big issue for the fraternity
of periodontics.
CONCLUSION
31. • Babita Pawar, Pratishtha Mishra, Parmeet Banga, and P. P. Marawar.
Gingival zenith and its role in redefining esthetics: A clinical study. J
Indian Soc Periodontol. 2011 Apr-Jun; 15(2): 135–138.
• Niklaus P. Lang, and Harald Löe. The Relationship Between the Width of
Keratinized Gingiva and Gingival Health. J Periodontol. 1972
Oct;43(10):623-7.
• Gerald M. Bowers. A Study of the Width of Attached Gingiva. Journal of
Periodontology,May 1963, Vol. 34, No. 3, Pages 201-209
• Wennström JL. Lack of association between width of attached gingiva
and development of soft tissue recession. A 5-year longitudinal study. J
Clin Periodontol. 1987 Mar;14(3):181-4
32. • Mehta P, Lim LP. The width of the attached gingiva--much ado about
nothing? J Dent. 2010 Jul;38(7):517-25.
• Molecular and Cell Biology of the Gingiva, Periodontology 2000; Vol 24;
2000; 28-55.