This document discusses how media promotes heteronormativity and can discriminate against LGBTQ individuals. It provides context on key concepts like heterosexuality, normativity, and Gibbard's views on expressivism and rationality. The document argues that media expresses heteronormative values by primarily showing heterosexual relationships. This can make LGBTQ people feel excluded and hurt. While media's portrayal of heteronormative values may be rational from its own perspective, it ignores the feelings of LGBTQ individuals and is therefore irrational according to Gibbard's views. The document concludes by advocating for more inclusion of LGBTQ relationships and identities in media.

1. Gibbard’s Norm-Expressivism:Heteronormativity
on Media as Discrimination on LGBTQ
Sem. Ian Bravo

2. It is my view that gender is culturally formed, but it
is also a domain of agency or freedom and that it
is most important to resist the violence that is
imposed by ideal gender norms, especially
against those who are gender different , who are
nonconforming in their gender presentation
- Judith Butler

3. Introduction
 Heteronormativity is a norm about heterosexual relationship
and showing what is the accepted relationship.
 One source of norm in our life is coming from the things that
we can see and one of that is with the use of media.
 Media is one of the many ways to advertise such advocacy
or to make norms.
 According to Gibbard, Norms can be use to judge moral
actions and that is Normative-judgment.
 Norm equals rationality.

4. Heteronormativity
HETEROSEXUAL
- sexually attracted to people of the opposite sex.
- A person who is attracted to the opposite gender.
Heterosexuality is the most common sexual orientation in the
world (but by no means "normal". It is simply more common
than some variations of human sexuality).
- People that are both romantically and sexually attracted to
the opposite gender. So females are attracted to
males/males are attracted to females.

5. Heteronormativity
NORMATIVITY
- means relating to an ideal standard or model, or being based
on what is considered to be the normal or correct way of
doing something.

6. Heteronormativity
HETERONORMATIVITY
- is the belief that people fall into distinct and complementary
genders (man and woman) with natural roles in life. It
assumes that heterosexuality is the only sexual orientation or
only norm, and states that sexual and marital relations are
most (or only) fitting between people of opposite sexes.

7. GIBBARD’S NORM-
EXPRESSIVISM
EXPRESSIVISM
- Expressivism is an act of showing an emotional expression
with approval or disapproval, regarding an action whether it is
moral or not.
- The difference of Expressivism and subjectivism is:
- Subjectivism, stating your emotion (I’m Bored)
- Expressivism, expressing your thoughts (Tapping ones finger in
the table to show his boredom)

8. GIBBARD’S NORM-
EXPRESSIVISM
RATIONALITY
- To call something rational is not in the strict sense, to attribute a
property to it. It is to do something else; to express a state of mind (
Lesson from Gibbard)
- For Gibbard rationality is something that is normative, it is rational
when it is a norm
- Norm for Gibbard follows rationality, this is a rational judgment that
comes from within us that is being either showed or learned.
- Rationality in general sense acts or doings that are accepted by
everyone in the society or actions that are not considered to be
irrational.
- “to think something rational is to accept norms that permit it” -
Gibbard

9. GIBBARD’S NORM-
EXPRESSIVISM
MORALITY
- For him morality depends on how one understand the
situation and how he applies his social norm he have, but
judging an act as moral, it should be rational.
- When judging an act whether it is wrong one should look on
the side of the first person and the third person.
1st person: guilt, remorse and shame
3rd person: anger, blame, condemnation
basically the moral judgment can be done iff the first person
would feel any guilt and the third person would feel any anger.
for that, moral judgment can be done if and only if one knows
the side of both parties.

10. GIBBARD’S NORM-
EXPRESSIVISM
NORMATIVE JUDGMENT
- This type of judgment is used by Gibbard in order to solve
the frege-geache problem.
- Frege-geache problem is stating that not all emotional
expressions is stating a approval or disapproval
- Normative judgment might be complex because norms can
be coming from different types of people with a different norm
within the society they belong.
- Since normative judgment shows approval or disapproval this
judgment can be credible to state if an action is moral or not.

11. NORM-EXPRESSIVISM ON
HETERONORMATIVITY ON MEDIA AS
DISCRIMINATION ON LGBTQ
Heteronormativity on Media
- Media plays a major role on making a social norm and by
those norms that the media made, there are group of people
that are not being please about it.
- There are common themes of movies or movie series that
are being aired in the television, either action/drama or
romantic/comedy or action/drama/comedy/romantic.
- Commonly the media is showing heterosexual partnership
especially when the theme of the movie series is romantic
relationship.
- True that there is a heteronormativity on Media for the record
that most of all the TV series contains partnership of Male
and Female alone.

12. NORM-EXPRESSIVISM ON
HETERONORMATIVITY ON MEDIA AS
DISCRIMINATION ON LGBTQ
Expressivism on Media
- Media is doing an expressivistic act and that is showing an
action whether it is wrong or right.
- Whether an action is moral or immoral.
- We cannot deny that anything if not everything that is being
showed in the media has a director and the director is
expressing its emotion on the series or commercials he is
making.
- Directors are inspired by their thoughts and by their
normative ideas and they use media to show the people what
they have on their mind.

13. NORM-EXPRESSIVISM ON
HETERONORMATIVITY ON MEDIA AS
DISCRIMINATION ON LGBTQ
Rationality and Irrationality of Media
- Media becomes rational because it is showing normative
facts and normative ideas.
- Media becomes irrational because some of the normative
facts and normative ideas that are being showed is not
accepted by all and some are being hurt.
- Not everything that is being showed in the media is right for
all the people some are being hurt on what is being flashed in
the media.
- Accepting the fact that media is filtering the things that being
showed and it has its own biases.

14. NORM-EXPRESSIVISM ON
HETERONORMATIVITY ON MEDIA AS
DISCRIMINATION ON LGBTQ
Media as form of Discrimination
- Media is doing a discrimination on LGBTQ in terms of what
is being showed in it.
- It is very rare to see a movie series or a commercial with a
theme of homosexuality or about LGBTQ.
- Media, is very strategic on doing their commercials and
movie series.
- Can you feel what LGBTQ can feel when they only see
heterosexual love in the media when they are not included on
that society?

15. NORM-EXPRESSIVISM ON
HETERONORMATIVITY ON MEDIA AS
DISCRIMINATION ON LGBTQ
Media as form of Discrimination
- Media once did showed a Filipino gaylove themed movie
series entitled “ My husband’s lover” and one Movie entitled
“That thing called Tanga na”
- Media might be un-intentionally discriminating LGBTQ, but
we cannot deny that they are already aware that LGBTQ is
already a big society that deserves Media promotion.
- Because of media already made a norm about heterosexual
love they cannot show any forms of love aside on what the
norms they have done.

17. NORM-EXPRESSIVISM ON
HETERONORMATIVITY ON MEDIA AS
DISCRIMINATION ON LGBTQ
MEDIA as “I” LGBTQ as “THEM”
- for media what it is doing is rational because it does not feel
any remorse or guilt on what it is being showed in the tele-
viewers when in fact there are people who are offended on
some of the things that are being showed in the media.
- Media as I because it is the one that is doing a strategic
discrimination.
- LGBTQ as them because they are the one that are being
affected by the doings of the I.
- Media don’t feel what LGBTQ feels when they just see
heterosexual love, or a cheesy gay love moment but in the
end they don’t last.
- Media as irrational, because there are people who are getting
angry on it, according to Gibbard if an action is not wrong
then both person would not feel any guilt or anger.

18. NORM-EXPRESSIVISM ON
HETERONORMATIVITY ON MEDIA AS
DISCRIMINATION ON LGBTQ
Examples of Heteronormativity on Media
- These Videos will going to show heteronormativity on Media.
- Also videos that what if media had been shown long time
before to build a homonormativity.

19. Gibbard’s Norm-
Expressivism:Heteronormativity
on Media as Discrimination on LGBTQ
There are so many ways to express such emotions or approval
and disapproval this may come from our belief, taught,
showed, acquired, learned and etc.
There are so many instruments for us to use to express what
we believe and one of that is the media, but we should always
be responsible on what we express.
Being considerate to the feelings of the others is the most
rational thing to do ( Ian Bravo)
LGBTQ might have a different kinds of norm but since they
belong to this life that we are living then they deserve a rational
treatment.

20. “LOVE IS NOT PRIVATE, IT IS FOR
EVERYONE, IT DOES NOT HAVE ANY TAG
THAT SAYS THIS IS ONLY FOR HETEROS
AND NOT FOR HOMOS”

21. THAN K YOU 