Presentation by M.E. Haule, G.H. Laswai, D.L. Mwaseba, A.E. Kimambo, J. Madsen, L.A. Mtenga and A.J. Mwilawa at the 5th All Africa conference on animal production, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 25-28 October 2010.

1. The 5The 5t ht h
A l l A fr i ca Confer ence on A nim al A gr i cu l tu r eA l l A fr i ca Confer ence on A nim al A gr i cu l tu r e
Com m er ci al i zati on of L i v estock A gr i cu l tu r e i n A fr i ca:
Chal l enges and oppor tu ni ti es
October 25-28, 2010.

2. AN ASSESSMENT OF ATTITUDE
TOWARDS SELLING LIVESTOCK
AMONG THE PASTORALISTS IN
NGORONGORO DISTRICT OF
TANZANIA
BY
M.E. Haule, G.H. Laswai, D.L. Mwaseba, A.E. Kimambo, J.
Madsen, L.A. Mtenga and A.J. Mwilawa

3. INTRODUCTION
 Cattle in the pastoral system accounts for 14 percent of
the 19 million cattle population in Tanzania
 Contribution of livestock to the pastoral economy is low
 Pastoralists are facing challenges:
Restrictions of free mobile livestock system
Conflicts between herders and farmers
Long marketing chain with several actors
Poor record keeping systems
Low literacy levels
Poor enforcement of regulations

4. Introd...
Pastoral system is undergoing unprecedented
changes
e.g. engagement in income generating activities
other than traditional livestock keeping
It is likely that pastoralists sell livestock as
capital investment
Limited information exits on the attitude and
purpose of pastoralists in selling livestock
Useful for subsectoral planning
Willingness of pastoralits to sell young steers
for feedlots?

5. Objectives
To determine the attitude and reasons for
selling livestock by pastoralists
To identify factors that could influence such
attitude

6. METHODOLOGY
The study was done in Ngorongoro District in Tanzania
Data were collected through:
Questionnaire administered to 90 H/H
key informant interviews
Three focus group discussions each ≤ 20
people and
direct observations
Descriptive statistics were generated
Tobit model was employed to determine the important
factors influencing the pastoralists attitudes

7. FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

8. Table 1: Distribution of respondents according
to socio-economic characteristics
Socio-economic characteristics Frequency Percent
Age class
(years)
21-40 51 56.6
41-60 31 34.5
Above 60 8 8.9
Sex Male 70 77.8
Female 20 22.2
Sex of the head
of household
Male (Adult) 81 90.0
Male (Child) 3 3.3
Female (Adult) 6 6.7
Main source of
income
Livestock 78 86.7
Salary 7 7.8
Petty
businesses
5 5.6

9. Type of
livestock
Gender Frequency Percent
Ownership
Cattle Male – adult 79 87.8
Male – child 3 3.3
Female – adult 8 8.9
Goats Male – adult 77 85.6
Male – child 3 3.3
Female – adult 9 10.0
Don’t have cattle 1 1.1
Decision to sell
Male - adult 76 84.4
Male - child 6 6.7
Female - adult 7 7.8
Husband and Wife 1 1.1
Table 2: Gender distribution of respondents to
ownership and decision making on selling livestock

10. Table 3: Categories of livestock that pastoralists
prefer to sell
Category of livestock Count Percent
Cow 54 61.4
Heifers 20 22.7
Steers 79 89.8
Calves 25 28.4
Goats 72 81.8
* Counts were based on multiple responses on each category preferred

11. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Percentofrespondents
P
a
y
s
ch
o
o
l
fe
e
s
B
u
y
fo
o
dP
u
rch
a
se
H
H
ite
m
s
M
e
d
ica
lb
ills
B
u
y
liv
d
ru
g
s
H
o
u
se
co
n
s
tru
c
tio
n
C
u
lln
o
n
-p
ro
d
u
ctive
G
e
t
b
u
s
in
e
ss
c
a
p
ita
l
T
ra
d
itio
n
a
l
ce
re
m
o
n
ie
s
B
u
y
c
lo
th
e
s
M
o
n
e
y
fo
r
c
o
n
trib
u
tio
n
s
A
s
b
u
sin
e
s
s
(c
o
m
m
e
rcia
T
o
p
re
p
a
re
fo
r
d
ro
u
g
h
t
B
u
y
n
e
w
s
to
c
k
Reasons for selling livestock

12. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Village market District markets Arusha town markets Kenya markets
Livestock markets
Percent of respondents
Selling cattle Selling goats
Figure 2: Markets which pastoralists in Ngorongoro district sell livestock

13. Table 4: Attitude towards selling cattle and goats
among the pastoralists
Category Frequency Percent
Selling cattle
Selling goats
Positive 38 42.2
Neutral
Negative
19 21.1
33 36.7
Positive 41 45.6
Neutral 16 17.8
Negative 33 36.7

14. Table 5: Tobit model estimates for the factors influencing attitude
towards selling livestock
Explanatory variable Coefficient STD Error t-statistic P- value
Sex of livestock owner 0.752 0.476 1.58 0.02*
Age of livestock owner -0.087 0.460 -0.19 0.46
Education level 0.127 1.060 0.12 0.90
Household size 0.858 0.554 1.55 0.03*
Herd size -0.070 0.036 -1.95 0.06
Distance to the market -0.052 0.024 -2.12 0.04*
Price of livestock 0.604 0.602 1.00 0.05*
Religion 0.140 0.425 0.33 0.34
Level of significance = 5%: Statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05), statistically not significant
(P>0.05)

15. Conclusions
The mindset of pastoralists towards selling livestock
is changing
Right policy on price of cattle and reliable markets
could increase off takes
Promotion of feedlots could create reliable cattle
markets

16. Primary livestock auction market in Ngorongoro district

17. Local cattle slaughtering and meat selling

18. The end
Thank you for
listening