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Implementing a command line client to GitHub in Go
This document discusses implementing the command line tool "gh" for interacting with GitHub using the Go programming language. It summarizes gh as a tool for automating Git and GitHub workflows. It then discusses why Go was chosen and some key aspects of Go like compilation speed, static typing, garbage collection, goroutines and channels for concurrency. It also shares lessons learned from building gh in Go like using the right tool, clarity and simplicity in code, and leveraging Go features like fast compilation and static binaries.
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Implementing a command line client to GitHub in Go
- 1. Implementing a command lineclient to GitHub in Go Owen Ou @JingwenOwenOu
- 2. Agenda • Automating Git/GitHubworkflows with gh • Introduction to Go • What I learnt from implementing gh with Go
- 3. What’s gh? • acommand line tool that makes working with GitHub easier • gh pull • gh ci • gh fork • etc.
- 4. A broken workflow •git checkout -b new_feature • some code changes... • git add . • git commit -m “A comment” • git push origin HEAD • check CI status, oops..context switch • create a pull request, oops...context switch
- 5. An optimized workflow •git checkout -b new_feature • some code changes... • git add . • git commit -m “A comment” • git push origin HEAD • gh ci # prints build status • gh pull # creates a pull request
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- 7. Implementation of gh •Implemented in Go • Fast (40% faster than Hub) • A single, statically linked binary with no dependencies (noVM needed!) • Unix, e.g., gh pull -b integration -h new_feature
- 8. What’s Go? • Imperative •Object-oriented like • Concurrent • Compile to machine code • Created at 2009, v1.1.1
- 9. Ken Thompson • Foundingfather of Unix, see “Coders at work” • Bring in regular expression to computing • Created grep in an evening • Designed UTF-8 on a diner placemat
- 10. Robert Griesemer • Nativecode generation for V8 • Java HotSpotVM • StrongtalkVM (inspires the DartVM)
- 11. Rob Pike • Firstwindow system for Unix at Bell Labs • Plan 9 • Co-Authors of “The Unix Programming Environment” & “The Practice of Programming” with Brian Kernighan • Newsqueak, Limbo: implementations of Tony Hoare’s CSP
- 12. Why Go? • WhyLearn Go? An interview with Rob Pike: http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=FTl0tl9BGdc
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- 14. More about Go •Compilation is very fast, gh has 1581 LOC, the build time is 0.77s • Static typing & type inference • Low level primitives uint, float64 • Garbage collected • Pointers without pointer arithmetic
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- 16. The C10K Problem •The problem of optimizing socket server software to handle a large number of clients at the same time • C10k = concurrent ten thousand connections • Linux pthreads (8MB),Windows (1MB), Coroutines (4k, e.g., Ruby Fibers)
- 17. Goroutines • Coroutines inGo, 4K, light weight threads • Segmented stacks (a double linked lists) • No stack-overflow • Automatically scale to multiple-cores • In the future, scale to multiple machines
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- 20. Learning from gh •Right tool for the job - building a Unix tool • Go’s compiler is freaking fast! • Clarity and simplicity, less is more • Go fmt • Fast startup time, low memory usage • Deploy a static library (making deployment so much simpler!) • Goroutines & channels (higher level APIs in net/ http)
- 21. References • gh: https://github.com/jingweno/gh •Code examples: https://gist.github.com/ jingweno/c00e973ade6d66b827fd • Go at Google: http://www.infoq.com/ presentations/Go-Google • Concurrency is not Parallelism: http:// vimeo.com/49718712 • Real world Go: https://gist.github.com/ ungerik/3731476
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