This document discusses gerunds in English grammar. It provides examples of gerunds used as subjects, objects, and complements in sentences. Some key points covered include: - A gerund is a verb form ending in "-ing" that can function as a noun. - Gerunds can be subjects, objects, or complements and are always singular. - Prepositions must be followed by gerunds, not infinitives. - Common verbs taking gerund objects include "avoid", "consider", "enjoy", "keep", and "mind". - Gerunds can act as subject complements or object complements to describe the subject or object of a sentence.

1. FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN, HUMANAS
Y TECNOLOGÍAS
GRAMMAR VI
NAMES:
Daysi Ayala Martínez
Fabián Martínez
Alexis Ramírez
Jorge Salazar
CLASS: 6th Semester

3. • It is a noun made from a verb. It structure is base form
of the verb + ing
• Examples:
 Reading helps you learn English.
 Her favorite hobby is reading.
 I enjoy reading.

4. A gerund can be the subject of a sentence. It is
always singular. Use a third-person singular
verb after a gerund.
Voting is an important responsibility.

5. • Gerund Verb Object
• Smoking cigarettes costs a lot of money.
• NEGATIVE
• Not inviting him will cause resentment.

6. EXERCISES
(cook) is one of her hobbies.
(cycle) is fun.
(Get) a good job is not easy.
(Find) a parking space is quite difficult in this area.
(drive) becomes more and more expensive
No (smoke) in this area.

7. • I have received several awards for my gardening. (The
awards have been given for the results of the activity.)

8. • This is a good rule. It has no exceptions!
• If we want to use a verb after a preposition, it must be a gerund.
It is impossible to use an infinitive after a preposition. So for
example, we say:

9. I will call you after arriving at the
office.
Please have a drink before leaving.
I am looking forward to meeting you.

10. Exercises
• Preposition Gerund
• She insist going out every weekend.
• She have a reason not inviting Michael.

11. Many verbs in English have gerunds as objects.
Verbs: Avoid, consider, enjoy, keep, mind.
Example:
• John enjoys meeting new people.
• He should avoid working late.

12. They act as complement that describe or explain the subject
of the sentence.
Example:
• My favorite activity is skiing.
• I do my gardening in the morning.
subject verb Subject
complement
My hobby is reading.

13. They act as complement that describe or explain the object of
the sentence.
Example:
Marco found Peter writing letters.
subject verb object object
complemen
t
Jonh spends time reading

14. We often use go + gerund to describe activities
Examples:
My family goes bowling every Sunday.
Alison went jogging with her dog.
She goes dancing every night.

15. Recognize if the gerund is used as a subject (S) subject complement
(SC) or object complement (OC) in the following sentences.
 Nathan has trouble making friends.
 My favorite occupation is reading detective stories.
 He enjoys meeting new people.
 Swimming builds endurance
 Mary spends time playing cards.

33. • Structure
Examples:
Singing is his favorite hoby.
Smoking on the streets is disrespectful
Gerund subject verb complement
Losing books is A bad habit.

34. • Structure
Examples:
Having taken a physics class helped me in calculus.
Having studied grammar gave me more knowledge of
English.
Gerund Verb in past
participle
complement
Having watched El clasico was
interesting.

35. Thank you