This document discusses prenatal and routine postnatal HIV screening. It notes that HIV diagnoses are increasing among women in the US and outlines the benefits of screening all pregnant women for HIV. Screening allows women who test positive to receive antiretroviral treatment that can prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV. The document recommends routine HIV screening during pregnancy as well as additional postnatal screening to detect any new infections that may have occurred during pregnancy or the postpartum period.