Global
Economic
Prospects:
Coping with policy normalization
in high-income countries

Andrew Burns
World Bank
January 14, 2014

http://www.worldbank.org/globaloutlook
1
Fourth quarter manufacturing suggests continued
strengthen in US and Japan, weakness elsewhere
Manufacturing output growth, 3m/3m saar

Q4

15

Japan

10
United States

5
0
Other high-income

-5

Euro Area

-10
-15
Jan '12

Source: World Bank, Datastream.

Jul '12

Jan '13

Jul '13
Fourth quarter manufacturing suggests continued
strengthen in US and Japan, weakness elsewhere
Manufacturing output growth, 3m/3m saar

Q4

15

Japan

10
United States

5
0
Other high-income

-5

Euro Area

-10
-15
Jan '12

Source: World Bank, Datastream.

Jul '12

Jan '13

Jul '13
Fourth quarter manufacturing suggests continued
strengthen in US and Japan, weakness elsewhere
Manufacturing output growth, 3m/3m saar

Q4

15
10

Japan
United States

5
0
Other high-income

-5

Euro Area

-10

-15
Jan '12
Source: World Bank, Datastream.

Jul '12

Jan '13

Jul '13
Fourth quarter manufacturing suggests continued
strengthen in US and Japan, weakness elsewhere
Manufacturing output growth, 3m/3m saar

Q4

15
10

Japan
United States

5
0
Other high-income

-5

Euro Area

-10

-15
Jan '12
Source: World Bank, Datastream.

Jul '12

Jan '13

Jul '13
Growth firming or solid in most
developing countries
Industrial production growth, 3m/3m saar
20
15

China

10

Other
developing

India

5
0
-5
-10
-15
Jan '11

Jul '11

Source: World Bank, Datastream.

Jan '12

Jul '12

Jan '13

Jul '13
6
Growth firming or solid in most
developing countries
Industrial production growth, 3m/3m saar
20
15

China

10

Other
developing

India

5
0
-5
-10
-15
Jan '11

Jul '11

Source: World Bank, Datastream.

Jan '12

Jul '12

Jan '13

Jul '13
7
Global GDP growth is projected to:

8
Global GDP growth is projected to:
• firm from 2.4% in 2013 to 3.2% this year,

9
Global GDP growth is projected to:
• firm from 2.4% in 2013 to 3.2% this year,
• stabilizing at 3.4% and 3.5% in 2015 and
2016

10
A gradual pick up in growth, led by
high-income countries
Percent annual GDP growth

10

Middle Income

8

Low Income

6
4

World
High
Income

2
0
-2

-4
2000

2002

Source: World Bank.

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

2016
A gradual pick up in growth, led by
high-income countries
Percent annual GDP growth

10

Middle Income

8

Low Income

6

4

World
High
Income

2
0
-2
-4
2000

2002

Source: World Bank.

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

2016
A gradual pick up in growth, led by
high-income countries
Percent annual GDP growth

10

Middle Income

8

Low Income

6

4

World
High
Income

2
0
-2
-4
2000

2002

Source: World Bank.

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

2016
A gradual pick up in growth, led by
high-income countries
Percent annual GDP growth

10

Middle Income

8

Low Income

6

4

World
High
Income

2
0
-2
-4
2000

2002

Source: World Bank.

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

2016
A gradual pick up in growth, led by
high-income countries
Percent annual GDP growth

10

Middle Income

8

Low Income

6

4

World
High
Income

2
0
-2
-4
2000

2002

Source: World Bank.

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

2016
Growth in developing countries will pick
up from 4.8% in 2013 to a slower than
previously expected 5.3% this year, 5.5%
in 2015 and 5.7% in 2016 .

16
Growth in developing countries will pick
up from 4.8% in 2013 to a slower than
previously expected 5.3% this year, 5.5%
in 2015 and 5.7% in 2016 .

17
Growth in developing countries will pick
up from 4.8% in 2013 to a slower than
previously expected 5.3% this year, 5.5%
in 2015 and 5.7% in 2016 .

18
Growth in developing countries will pick
up from 4.8% in 2013 to a slower than
previously expected 5.3% this year, 5.5%
in 2015 and 5.7% in 2016 .

19
Growth in developing countries will pick
up from 4.8% in 2013 to a slower than
previously expected 5.3% this year, 5.5%
in 2015 and 5.7% in 2016 .

20
Slower developing country growth is
mainly a cyclical phenomenon
GDP and potential GDP, annual growth rate

10

Post-crisis developing
country growth is 2.2
percent slower than
during the boom period.
All but 0.5 percentage
points of that is cyclical

Potential + Cyclical GDP growth
Potential GDP growth

9
8
7
6

5
4

3
2
1
0

Period of gradual acceleration in potential

1990

1995

Source: World Bank.

2000

Boom Period

2005

Growth slower only
relative to boom

2010

2015
21
Slower developing country growth is
mainly a cyclical phenomenon
GDP and potential GDP, annual growth rate

10

Post-crisis developing
country growth is 2.2
percent slower than
during the boom period.
All but 0.5 percentage
points of that is cyclical

Potential + Cyclical GDP growth
Potential GDP growth

9
8
7
6

5
4

3
2
1
0

Period of gradual acceleration in potential

1990

1995

Source: World Bank.

2000

Boom Period

2005

Growth slower only
relative to boom

2010

2015
22
Slower developing country growth is
mainly a cyclical phenomenon
GDP and potential GDP, annual growth rate

10

Post-crisis developing
country growth is 2.2
percent slower than
during the boom period.
All but 0.5 percentage
points of that is cyclical

Potential + Cyclical GDP growth
Potential GDP growth

9
8
7
6

5
4

3
2
1
0

Period of gradual acceleration in potential

1990

1995

Source: World Bank.

2000

Boom Period

2005

Growth slower only
relative to boom

2010

2015
23
Doing better going forward will require
focusing on:

24
Doing better going forward will require
focusing on:
• structural policies: investment in
education, infrastructure and health.

25
Doing better going forward will require
focusing on:
• structural policies: investment in
education, infrastructure and health.
• better regulations to enhance the
growth potential of countries

26
Growth acceleration to be limited in
regions that have already fully recovered
Percent annual GDP growth

8
2012

7

2013

2014

2015

2016

6
5
4
3
2
1
0
East Asia & Pacific
Europe & Central Asia
Latin America & Caribbean & North Africa
Middle-East
South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa

Source: World Bank.

27
Growth acceleration to be limited in
regions that have already fully recovered
Percent annual GDP growth

8
2012

7

2013

2014

2015

2016

6
5
4
3
2
1
0
East Asia & Pacific
Europe & Central Asia
Latin America & Caribbean & North Africa
Middle-East
South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa

Source: World Bank.

28
Growth acceleration to be limited in
regions that have already fully recovered
Percent annual GDP growth

8

2012

7

2013

2014

2015

2016

6
5
4
3
2
1
0
East Asia & Pacific
Europe & Central Asia
Latin America & Caribbean & North Africa
Middle-East
South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa

Source: World Bank.

29
Growth acceleration to be limited in
regions that have already fully recovered
Percent annual GDP growth

8

2012

7

2013

2014

2015

2016

6
5
4
3
2
1
0
East Asia & Pacific
Europe & Central Asia
Latin America & Caribbean & North Africa
Middle-East
South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa

Source: World Bank.

30
Growth acceleration to be limited in
regions that have already fully recovered
Percent annual GDP growth

8

2012

7

2013

2014

2015

2016

6
5
4
3
2
1
0
East Asia & Pacific
Europe & Central Asia
Latin America & Caribbean & North Africa
Middle-East
South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa

Source: World Bank.

31
Growth acceleration to be limited in
regions that have already fully recovered
Percent annual GDP growth

8

2012

7

2013

2014

2015

2016

6
5
4
3
2
1
0
East Asia & Pacific
Europe & Central Asia
Latin America & Caribbean & North Africa
Middle-East
South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa

Source: World Bank.

32
Growth acceleration to be limited in
regions that have already fully recovered
Percent annual GDP growth

8

2012

7

2013

2014

2015

2016

6
5
4
3
2
1
0
East Asia & Pacific
Europe & Central Asia
Latin America & Caribbean & North Africa
Middle-East
South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa

Source: World Bank.

33
Growth acceleration to be limited in
regions that have already fully recovered
Percent annual GDP growth

8

2012

7

2013

2014

2015

2016

6
5
4
3
2
1
0
East Asia & Pacific
Europe & Central Asia
Latin America & Caribbean & North Africa
Middle-East
South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa

Source: World Bank.

34
Growth acceleration to be limited in
regions that have already fully recovered
Percent annual GDP growth

8

2012

7

2013

2014

2015

2016

6
5
4
3
2
1
0
East Asia & Pacific
Europe & Central Asia
Latin America & Caribbean & North Africa
Middle-East
South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa

Source: World Bank.

35
The strengthening recovery in highincome countries is most
welcome, but it brings with it risks
of disruption as monetary policy
tightens.

36
In a smooth adjustment scenario, capital flows
to developing countries will ease only marginally
% of developing country GDP

9.0
8.0
7.0
6.0

5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
10Q1

Source: World Bank.

13Q1

16Q1
37
In a smooth adjustment scenario, capital flows
to developing countries will ease only marginally
% of developing country GDP

9.0

Smooth adjustment scenario :
capital flows decline from
4.6% of developing country GDP
in 2013 to 4.0 percent in 2016

8.0
7.0
6.0

5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
10Q1

Source: World Bank.

13Q1

16Q1
38
In a smooth adjustment scenario, capital flows
to developing countries will ease only marginally
% of developing country GDP

9.0

Smooth adjustment scenario :
capital flows decline from
4.6% of developing country GDP
in 2013 to 4.0% in 2016

8.0
7.0
6.0

5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
10Q1

Source: World Bank.

13Q1

16Q1
39
Global trade to grow from an
estimated 3.1% in 2013 to 4.6%
this year and 5.1% in each of
2015 and 2016.

40
Global trade to grow from an
estimated 3.1% in 2013 to 4.6%
this year and 5.1% in each of
2015 and 2016.

41
Global trade to grow from an
estimated 3.1% in 2013 to 4.6%
this year and 5.1% in each of
2015 and 2016.

42
Global trade to grow from an
estimated 3.1% in 2013 to 4.6%
this year and 5.1% in each of
2015 and 2016.

43
While unlikely a sharp market reaction to tapering
could cut deeply into capital flows for a short period
9.0
8.0
7.0
6.0

5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
10Q1

Source: World Bank.

13Q1

16Q1
44
While unlikely a sharp market reaction to tapering
could cut deeply into capital flows for a short period
9.0

If long-term rates in US jump up 100 basis points
capital flows could fall by 50 percent or more for several months

8.0
7.0
6.0

5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
10Q1

Source: World Bank.

13Q1

16Q1
45
While unlikely a sharp market reaction to tapering
could cut deeply into capital flows for a short period
9.0

If long-term rates in US jump up 100 basis points
capital flows could fall by 50 percent or more for several months

8.0
7.0
6.0

5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
10Q1

Source: World Bank.

13Q1

16Q1
46
While unlikely a sharp market reaction to tapering
could cut deeply into capital flows for a short period
9.0

If long-term rates in US jump up 100 basis points
capital flows could fall by 50 percent or more for several months

8.0

A 200 bp rise could cause capital flows
to decline by 80 percent

7.0
6.0

5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
10Q1

Source: World Bank.

13Q1

16Q1
47
Earlier rapid increase in credit increases
the risk of banking-sector crises
Level of banking-sector net credits in 2012, % of GDP

Change in net bank credits, 2012-2007 (% of GDP)

40

180

35

160

30

140
120

25

100

20

80

15

60

Source: World Bank, IMF.

Brazil

Kosovo

Romania

Malawi

Lao PDR

Paraguay

Cambo…

Lesotho

Venezu…

Turkey

Gambia

Morocco

Malaysia

Vietnam

Vanuatu

St. Lucia

China

-

Serbia

-

Armenia

20
Botswa…

5
Bhutan

40

Thailand

10

48
Earlier rapid increase in credit increases
the risk of banking-sector crises
Level of banking-sector net credits in 2012, % of GDP

Change in net bank credits, 2012-2007 (% of GDP)

40

180

35

Change in Credit level

160

30

Credit levels in 2012

140
120

25

100

20

80

15

60

Source: World Bank, IMF.

Brazil

Kosovo

Romania

Malawi

Lao PDR

Paraguay

Cambo…

Lesotho

Venezu…

Turkey

Gambia

Morocco

Malaysia

Vietnam

Vanuatu

St. Lucia

China

-

Serbia

-

Armenia

20
Botswa…

5
Bhutan

40

Thailand

10

49
Earlier rapid increase in credit increases
the risk of banking-sector crises
Level of banking-sector net credits in 2012, % of GDP

Change in net bank credits, 2012-2007 (% of GDP)

40

180

35

Change in Credit level

160

30

Credit levels in 2012

140
120

25

100

20

80

15

60

Source: World Bank, IMF.

Brazil

Kosovo

Romania

Malawi

Lao PDR

Paraguay

Cambo…

Lesotho

Venezu…

Turkey

Gambia

Morocco

Malaysia

Vietnam

Vanuatu

St. Lucia

China

-

Serbia

-

Armenia

20
Botswa…

5
Bhutan

40

Thailand

10

50
Policy makers need to give thought now to how they
would respond to a significant tightening of global
financing conditions.

51
Policy makers need to give thought now to how they
would respond to a significant tightening of global
financing conditions.
• Countries with adequate policy buffers and investor
confidence may be able to rely on market
mechanisms, counter-cyclical macroeconomic and prudential
policies to deal with a decline in flows.

52
Policy makers need to give thought now to how they
would respond to a significant tightening of global
financing conditions.
• Countries with adequate policy buffers and investor
confidence may be able to rely on market
mechanisms, counter-cyclical macroeconomic and prudential
policies to deal with a decline in flows.
• In other cases, where the scope for maneuvering is more
limited, countries may be forced to tighten fiscal policy to
reduce financing needs or raise interest rates to incite
additional inflows.

53
Policy makers need to give thought now to how they
would respond to a significant tightening of global
financing conditions.
• Countries with adequate policy buffers and investor
confidence may be able to rely on market
mechanisms, counter-cyclical macroeconomic and prudential
policies to deal with a decline in flows.
• In other cases, where the scope for maneuvering is more
limited, countries may be forced to tighten fiscal policy to
reduce financing needs or raise interest rates to incite
additional inflows.
• Where adequate foreign reserves exist, these can be used to
moderate the pace of exchange rate adjustments, while a
loosening of capital inflow regulation and incentives for
foreign direct investment might help smooth adjustment.
54
By improving the longer term
outlook, credible reform
agendas can go a long way
towards boosting investor and
market confidence.

55
Global
Economic
Prospects:
Coping with policy normalization
in high-income countries

Andrew Burns
World Bank
January 14, 2014

http://www.worldbank.org/globaloutlook
56

Global Economic Prospects, January 2014

  • 1.
    Global Economic Prospects: Coping with policynormalization in high-income countries Andrew Burns World Bank January 14, 2014 http://www.worldbank.org/globaloutlook 1
  • 2.
    Fourth quarter manufacturingsuggests continued strengthen in US and Japan, weakness elsewhere Manufacturing output growth, 3m/3m saar Q4 15 Japan 10 United States 5 0 Other high-income -5 Euro Area -10 -15 Jan '12 Source: World Bank, Datastream. Jul '12 Jan '13 Jul '13
  • 3.
    Fourth quarter manufacturingsuggests continued strengthen in US and Japan, weakness elsewhere Manufacturing output growth, 3m/3m saar Q4 15 Japan 10 United States 5 0 Other high-income -5 Euro Area -10 -15 Jan '12 Source: World Bank, Datastream. Jul '12 Jan '13 Jul '13
  • 4.
    Fourth quarter manufacturingsuggests continued strengthen in US and Japan, weakness elsewhere Manufacturing output growth, 3m/3m saar Q4 15 10 Japan United States 5 0 Other high-income -5 Euro Area -10 -15 Jan '12 Source: World Bank, Datastream. Jul '12 Jan '13 Jul '13
  • 5.
    Fourth quarter manufacturingsuggests continued strengthen in US and Japan, weakness elsewhere Manufacturing output growth, 3m/3m saar Q4 15 10 Japan United States 5 0 Other high-income -5 Euro Area -10 -15 Jan '12 Source: World Bank, Datastream. Jul '12 Jan '13 Jul '13
  • 6.
    Growth firming orsolid in most developing countries Industrial production growth, 3m/3m saar 20 15 China 10 Other developing India 5 0 -5 -10 -15 Jan '11 Jul '11 Source: World Bank, Datastream. Jan '12 Jul '12 Jan '13 Jul '13 6
  • 7.
    Growth firming orsolid in most developing countries Industrial production growth, 3m/3m saar 20 15 China 10 Other developing India 5 0 -5 -10 -15 Jan '11 Jul '11 Source: World Bank, Datastream. Jan '12 Jul '12 Jan '13 Jul '13 7
  • 8.
    Global GDP growthis projected to: 8
  • 9.
    Global GDP growthis projected to: • firm from 2.4% in 2013 to 3.2% this year, 9
  • 10.
    Global GDP growthis projected to: • firm from 2.4% in 2013 to 3.2% this year, • stabilizing at 3.4% and 3.5% in 2015 and 2016 10
  • 11.
    A gradual pickup in growth, led by high-income countries Percent annual GDP growth 10 Middle Income 8 Low Income 6 4 World High Income 2 0 -2 -4 2000 2002 Source: World Bank. 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
  • 12.
    A gradual pickup in growth, led by high-income countries Percent annual GDP growth 10 Middle Income 8 Low Income 6 4 World High Income 2 0 -2 -4 2000 2002 Source: World Bank. 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
  • 13.
    A gradual pickup in growth, led by high-income countries Percent annual GDP growth 10 Middle Income 8 Low Income 6 4 World High Income 2 0 -2 -4 2000 2002 Source: World Bank. 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
  • 14.
    A gradual pickup in growth, led by high-income countries Percent annual GDP growth 10 Middle Income 8 Low Income 6 4 World High Income 2 0 -2 -4 2000 2002 Source: World Bank. 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
  • 15.
    A gradual pickup in growth, led by high-income countries Percent annual GDP growth 10 Middle Income 8 Low Income 6 4 World High Income 2 0 -2 -4 2000 2002 Source: World Bank. 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
  • 16.
    Growth in developingcountries will pick up from 4.8% in 2013 to a slower than previously expected 5.3% this year, 5.5% in 2015 and 5.7% in 2016 . 16
  • 17.
    Growth in developingcountries will pick up from 4.8% in 2013 to a slower than previously expected 5.3% this year, 5.5% in 2015 and 5.7% in 2016 . 17
  • 18.
    Growth in developingcountries will pick up from 4.8% in 2013 to a slower than previously expected 5.3% this year, 5.5% in 2015 and 5.7% in 2016 . 18
  • 19.
    Growth in developingcountries will pick up from 4.8% in 2013 to a slower than previously expected 5.3% this year, 5.5% in 2015 and 5.7% in 2016 . 19
  • 20.
    Growth in developingcountries will pick up from 4.8% in 2013 to a slower than previously expected 5.3% this year, 5.5% in 2015 and 5.7% in 2016 . 20
  • 21.
    Slower developing countrygrowth is mainly a cyclical phenomenon GDP and potential GDP, annual growth rate 10 Post-crisis developing country growth is 2.2 percent slower than during the boom period. All but 0.5 percentage points of that is cyclical Potential + Cyclical GDP growth Potential GDP growth 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Period of gradual acceleration in potential 1990 1995 Source: World Bank. 2000 Boom Period 2005 Growth slower only relative to boom 2010 2015 21
  • 22.
    Slower developing countrygrowth is mainly a cyclical phenomenon GDP and potential GDP, annual growth rate 10 Post-crisis developing country growth is 2.2 percent slower than during the boom period. All but 0.5 percentage points of that is cyclical Potential + Cyclical GDP growth Potential GDP growth 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Period of gradual acceleration in potential 1990 1995 Source: World Bank. 2000 Boom Period 2005 Growth slower only relative to boom 2010 2015 22
  • 23.
    Slower developing countrygrowth is mainly a cyclical phenomenon GDP and potential GDP, annual growth rate 10 Post-crisis developing country growth is 2.2 percent slower than during the boom period. All but 0.5 percentage points of that is cyclical Potential + Cyclical GDP growth Potential GDP growth 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Period of gradual acceleration in potential 1990 1995 Source: World Bank. 2000 Boom Period 2005 Growth slower only relative to boom 2010 2015 23
  • 24.
    Doing better goingforward will require focusing on: 24
  • 25.
    Doing better goingforward will require focusing on: • structural policies: investment in education, infrastructure and health. 25
  • 26.
    Doing better goingforward will require focusing on: • structural policies: investment in education, infrastructure and health. • better regulations to enhance the growth potential of countries 26
  • 27.
    Growth acceleration tobe limited in regions that have already fully recovered Percent annual GDP growth 8 2012 7 2013 2014 2015 2016 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 East Asia & Pacific Europe & Central Asia Latin America & Caribbean & North Africa Middle-East South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Source: World Bank. 27
  • 28.
    Growth acceleration tobe limited in regions that have already fully recovered Percent annual GDP growth 8 2012 7 2013 2014 2015 2016 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 East Asia & Pacific Europe & Central Asia Latin America & Caribbean & North Africa Middle-East South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Source: World Bank. 28
  • 29.
    Growth acceleration tobe limited in regions that have already fully recovered Percent annual GDP growth 8 2012 7 2013 2014 2015 2016 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 East Asia & Pacific Europe & Central Asia Latin America & Caribbean & North Africa Middle-East South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Source: World Bank. 29
  • 30.
    Growth acceleration tobe limited in regions that have already fully recovered Percent annual GDP growth 8 2012 7 2013 2014 2015 2016 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 East Asia & Pacific Europe & Central Asia Latin America & Caribbean & North Africa Middle-East South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Source: World Bank. 30
  • 31.
    Growth acceleration tobe limited in regions that have already fully recovered Percent annual GDP growth 8 2012 7 2013 2014 2015 2016 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 East Asia & Pacific Europe & Central Asia Latin America & Caribbean & North Africa Middle-East South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Source: World Bank. 31
  • 32.
    Growth acceleration tobe limited in regions that have already fully recovered Percent annual GDP growth 8 2012 7 2013 2014 2015 2016 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 East Asia & Pacific Europe & Central Asia Latin America & Caribbean & North Africa Middle-East South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Source: World Bank. 32
  • 33.
    Growth acceleration tobe limited in regions that have already fully recovered Percent annual GDP growth 8 2012 7 2013 2014 2015 2016 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 East Asia & Pacific Europe & Central Asia Latin America & Caribbean & North Africa Middle-East South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Source: World Bank. 33
  • 34.
    Growth acceleration tobe limited in regions that have already fully recovered Percent annual GDP growth 8 2012 7 2013 2014 2015 2016 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 East Asia & Pacific Europe & Central Asia Latin America & Caribbean & North Africa Middle-East South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Source: World Bank. 34
  • 35.
    Growth acceleration tobe limited in regions that have already fully recovered Percent annual GDP growth 8 2012 7 2013 2014 2015 2016 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 East Asia & Pacific Europe & Central Asia Latin America & Caribbean & North Africa Middle-East South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Source: World Bank. 35
  • 36.
    The strengthening recoveryin highincome countries is most welcome, but it brings with it risks of disruption as monetary policy tightens. 36
  • 37.
    In a smoothadjustment scenario, capital flows to developing countries will ease only marginally % of developing country GDP 9.0 8.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 10Q1 Source: World Bank. 13Q1 16Q1 37
  • 38.
    In a smoothadjustment scenario, capital flows to developing countries will ease only marginally % of developing country GDP 9.0 Smooth adjustment scenario : capital flows decline from 4.6% of developing country GDP in 2013 to 4.0 percent in 2016 8.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 10Q1 Source: World Bank. 13Q1 16Q1 38
  • 39.
    In a smoothadjustment scenario, capital flows to developing countries will ease only marginally % of developing country GDP 9.0 Smooth adjustment scenario : capital flows decline from 4.6% of developing country GDP in 2013 to 4.0% in 2016 8.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 10Q1 Source: World Bank. 13Q1 16Q1 39
  • 40.
    Global trade togrow from an estimated 3.1% in 2013 to 4.6% this year and 5.1% in each of 2015 and 2016. 40
  • 41.
    Global trade togrow from an estimated 3.1% in 2013 to 4.6% this year and 5.1% in each of 2015 and 2016. 41
  • 42.
    Global trade togrow from an estimated 3.1% in 2013 to 4.6% this year and 5.1% in each of 2015 and 2016. 42
  • 43.
    Global trade togrow from an estimated 3.1% in 2013 to 4.6% this year and 5.1% in each of 2015 and 2016. 43
  • 44.
    While unlikely asharp market reaction to tapering could cut deeply into capital flows for a short period 9.0 8.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 10Q1 Source: World Bank. 13Q1 16Q1 44
  • 45.
    While unlikely asharp market reaction to tapering could cut deeply into capital flows for a short period 9.0 If long-term rates in US jump up 100 basis points capital flows could fall by 50 percent or more for several months 8.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 10Q1 Source: World Bank. 13Q1 16Q1 45
  • 46.
    While unlikely asharp market reaction to tapering could cut deeply into capital flows for a short period 9.0 If long-term rates in US jump up 100 basis points capital flows could fall by 50 percent or more for several months 8.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 10Q1 Source: World Bank. 13Q1 16Q1 46
  • 47.
    While unlikely asharp market reaction to tapering could cut deeply into capital flows for a short period 9.0 If long-term rates in US jump up 100 basis points capital flows could fall by 50 percent or more for several months 8.0 A 200 bp rise could cause capital flows to decline by 80 percent 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 10Q1 Source: World Bank. 13Q1 16Q1 47
  • 48.
    Earlier rapid increasein credit increases the risk of banking-sector crises Level of banking-sector net credits in 2012, % of GDP Change in net bank credits, 2012-2007 (% of GDP) 40 180 35 160 30 140 120 25 100 20 80 15 60 Source: World Bank, IMF. Brazil Kosovo Romania Malawi Lao PDR Paraguay Cambo… Lesotho Venezu… Turkey Gambia Morocco Malaysia Vietnam Vanuatu St. Lucia China - Serbia - Armenia 20 Botswa… 5 Bhutan 40 Thailand 10 48
  • 49.
    Earlier rapid increasein credit increases the risk of banking-sector crises Level of banking-sector net credits in 2012, % of GDP Change in net bank credits, 2012-2007 (% of GDP) 40 180 35 Change in Credit level 160 30 Credit levels in 2012 140 120 25 100 20 80 15 60 Source: World Bank, IMF. Brazil Kosovo Romania Malawi Lao PDR Paraguay Cambo… Lesotho Venezu… Turkey Gambia Morocco Malaysia Vietnam Vanuatu St. Lucia China - Serbia - Armenia 20 Botswa… 5 Bhutan 40 Thailand 10 49
  • 50.
    Earlier rapid increasein credit increases the risk of banking-sector crises Level of banking-sector net credits in 2012, % of GDP Change in net bank credits, 2012-2007 (% of GDP) 40 180 35 Change in Credit level 160 30 Credit levels in 2012 140 120 25 100 20 80 15 60 Source: World Bank, IMF. Brazil Kosovo Romania Malawi Lao PDR Paraguay Cambo… Lesotho Venezu… Turkey Gambia Morocco Malaysia Vietnam Vanuatu St. Lucia China - Serbia - Armenia 20 Botswa… 5 Bhutan 40 Thailand 10 50
  • 51.
    Policy makers needto give thought now to how they would respond to a significant tightening of global financing conditions. 51
  • 52.
    Policy makers needto give thought now to how they would respond to a significant tightening of global financing conditions. • Countries with adequate policy buffers and investor confidence may be able to rely on market mechanisms, counter-cyclical macroeconomic and prudential policies to deal with a decline in flows. 52
  • 53.
    Policy makers needto give thought now to how they would respond to a significant tightening of global financing conditions. • Countries with adequate policy buffers and investor confidence may be able to rely on market mechanisms, counter-cyclical macroeconomic and prudential policies to deal with a decline in flows. • In other cases, where the scope for maneuvering is more limited, countries may be forced to tighten fiscal policy to reduce financing needs or raise interest rates to incite additional inflows. 53
  • 54.
    Policy makers needto give thought now to how they would respond to a significant tightening of global financing conditions. • Countries with adequate policy buffers and investor confidence may be able to rely on market mechanisms, counter-cyclical macroeconomic and prudential policies to deal with a decline in flows. • In other cases, where the scope for maneuvering is more limited, countries may be forced to tighten fiscal policy to reduce financing needs or raise interest rates to incite additional inflows. • Where adequate foreign reserves exist, these can be used to moderate the pace of exchange rate adjustments, while a loosening of capital inflow regulation and incentives for foreign direct investment might help smooth adjustment. 54
  • 55.
    By improving thelonger term outlook, credible reform agendas can go a long way towards boosting investor and market confidence. 55
  • 56.
    Global Economic Prospects: Coping with policynormalization in high-income countries Andrew Burns World Bank January 14, 2014 http://www.worldbank.org/globaloutlook 56

Editor's Notes

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