Runoff, ground water, meteoric water, drainage basins

1. GROUP K
NAME REGISTRATION NUMBER
OLAKI WENCESLAS PHLEMON 21/1/328/D/005
KANANURA SAUL ABALA 21/1/328/D/213
EBADU MICAH 21/1/328/D/004
LETASI JOAN OPKWO 21/1/328/D/237
NAHABWE TIMOTHY 21/1/328/D/134
TUMWINE OBED 21/1/328/D/419
KIGOZI MARK 21/1/328/D/041
MAWANDA ALEX 21/1/328/D/073
LUBOWA ELVIS WILLIAMS 21/1/328/D/132
WAFULA CALEB WANDERA 21/1/328/D/026
GROUP K 1

2. RUNOFF
This is the flow of water that occurs on the surface of the earth when precipitation is not
absorbed by the soil and instead flows over the ground surface.
Runoff occurs in both natural and urban environments and is influenced by factors such as soil
type, topography and weather patterns.
Runoff can accumulate in streams, rivers, lakes or oceans and can have significant impact on
water quality and quantity in these systems. It also plays an important role in maintaining
ecosystem health and supporting aquatic habitats.
GROUP K 2

3. METEORIC WATER
This is water that originates from atmospheric precipitation such as rain, snow, and sleet. It’s a
major source of fresh water for the earths surface and is important for replenishing ground water
aquifers and surface water bodies.
Meteoric water is naturally filtered as it passes through soil and rock layers which removes
impurities.
Its an important resource for human use, including agriculture, drinking water and industrial
processes.
GROUP K 3

4. GROUNDWATER
Groundwater is water that is present beneath the earth’s surface in soil pore spaces , cracks,
fractures in rock formations and in underground aquifers.
Groundwater is replenished naturally by rainfall and snowmelt that seeps into the ground and it can
be accessed through wells or natural discharge into springs and streams.
Contamination, natural processes and human activities affect the quality of ground water.
GROUP K 4

5. WHERE GROUNDWATER IS FOUND
Ground water can be found in most parts of the world but its availability and quantity can vary widely
depending on the geology, climate and local hydrological conditions.
It is typically found in underground aquifers, which are porous rock formations or layers of gravel or
sand that can hold and transmit water.
Groundwater can also be found in soil pore spaces and fractures in rock formations, particularly in areas
with high rainfall or snowmelt.
In general, areas with permeable geologic formations e.g. sandstones and limestone tend to have more
abundant underground water resources.
GROUP K 5

6. DRAINAGE BASIN
This is also known as a catchment area or watershed. It s an area of land where all the water such as rain or
snowmelt flow downhill into a common outlet e.g. river, lake or ocean.
The boundary of a drainage basin s defined by the highest points or divides around the area where water
flows in different directions.
A drainage basin can vary in size from a few kilometers to thousand square kilometers and it can be made up
of multiple smaller sub basins that combine to form larger drainage network.
GROUP K 6

7. DIVIDE
A divide, also known as a watershed divide or drainage divide, is an imaginary line that separates two
adjacent drainage basins.
It is the highest point on a topographic feature, such as a mountain or ridge, where water flows in
different directions on either side.
Water that falls on one side of the divide will flow into on e drainage basin while water that falls on the
other side of the divide will flow into different drainage basin.
GROUP K 7

8. DRAINAGE WORKS
This refers to construction of systems designed to manage the flow of water whether surface or
ground water. The types include;
Surface drainage: This involves collection and removal of water that flows on the ground
surface.
Subsurface drainage: This involves removal of water that is below the surface of the ground.
French Drains: This is a type of subsurface drainage system that uses a perforated pipe
surrounded by gravel to redirect water away from a specified area.
Retention ponds: These are man made ponds that are designed to collect and hold water.
Culverts: These are structures that allow water to pass under a roadway or another type of
obstruction.
GROUP K 8