The document discusses geologic processes on Earth, categorizing them into exogenic and endogenic processes. It details exogenic processes, including weathering (physical, chemical, and biological), erosion and sedimentation, as well as factors affecting these processes such as temperature and human activity. Additionally, it explains mass wasting, which involves the settling of weathered materials due to erosion.

1. Geologic Processes
on Earth
• Exogenic Processes
• Endogenic Processes

2. Exogenic Processes
-it is formed or occuring on the surface of Earth
⟶ these processes are carried through by
Geomorphic Agents: gravity, flowing water
(rivers), moving ice (glaciers), waves and tides
(oceans and lakes), wind, plants, organisms,
animals and humans.

3. Types of Exogenic Processes
a. Weathering
b. Mass Wasting
c. Erosion and Transportation
d. Sedimentation

4. Weathering
It is the process of disintegration and
decomposition of rocks
There are three types of weathering:
1.Physical or Mechanical Weathering
2.Chemical Weathering
3.Biological Weathering

5. Physical or Mechanical Weathering
• the breakdown of rocks into pieces
without any change in it’s
composition.
• the size and shape of the rocks may
change and this occur because of
different factors.
Types of Weathering

6. Factors Affecting Physical
Weathering
PRESSURE
• due to tectonic forces, granite may rise
to form mountain range. After the
granite ascends and cools, the
overlaying rocks and sediments may
erode. At the point when the pressure
diminishes, the rock expands, cools and
became brittle and fractured.

7. Factors Affecting Physical
Weathering
TEMPERATURE
• rocks expand and are fractured when
expose to high temperature. However, if
the temperature drops to zero degree
celsius (freezing point of water), it also
expands and causes fracture.

8. Factors Affecting Physical
Weathering
FROST WEDGING
• generally, rocks have fracture in its
surface and when water accumulates in
the crack and at that point freezes, the
ice expands and break the rock apart.

9. Factors Affecting Physical
Weathering
ABRASION
• the breakdown of rocks is the caused by
impact and friction. This primarily
occurs during collision of rocks, sand,
and silt due to current or waves along a
stream or seashore causing sharp edges
and corners to wear off and became
rounded.

10. Factors Affecting Physical
Weathering
ORGANIC ACTIVITY
• the roots grow causing penetration into
the crack, expand and in the long run,
break the rock.

11. Factors Affecting Physical
Weathering
HUMAN ACTIVITY
• the activities such as digging, quarrying,
denuding forests and cultivating land
contribute to physical weathering.

12. Factors Affecting Physical
Weathering
BURROWING ANIMALS
• animals like rats, rabbits and squirrels
excavate into the ground to create a
space for habitation.

13. Chemical Weathering
• the changes in the composition of
rocks due to the chemical reactions
below:
a. dissolution
b. hydrolysis
c. oxidation
Types of Weathering

14. Chemical Reactions Affecting Chemical Weathering
DISSOLUTION
• it occurs in specific minerals which are
dissolved in water.
• the formation of stalactites and
stalagmites in caves are brought about
by this chemical reactions.

15. HYDROLYSIS
• the rock-forming minerals like
amphibole, pyroxene, and feldspar react
with water and form different kinds of
clay minerals.
Chemical Reactions Affecting Chemical Weathering

16. OXIDATION
• the response of oxygen with minerals.
• if the iron oxidizes, the mineral in rock
descomposes.
• rusting is an example of this chemical
reaction.
Chemical Reactions Affecting Chemical Weathering

17. • the important process in the
formation of soil. Soil is a mixture of
grains, organic matter, , and gas.
Weathering
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18. Erosion
• the separation and removal of
weathered rocks due to different agents
like water, wind, and glacier that causes
transportation of the material to where
they are deposited.
Plants, animals, and humans play an
important role in the erosional process.

19. • the movement of sediments
downslope under the influence
of gravity.
• examples are fall, slide,
avalanche, and flow.
Mass Wasting

20. • the process in which the
weathered materials carried out
by erosion settle down in a
particular location.
Deposition