This document discusses various geographic instruments used to measure weather and climate conditions. It describes thermometers, which measure temperature; barometers, which measure air pressure; rain gauges, which measure precipitation; and seismographs, which detect and record earthquakes. Each instrument is explained in terms of what it measures, how it works, its components or design, and common uses. Multiple choice questions are also provided to test understanding of the different instruments.

1. Welcome

2. B.Ed Course 106
Understanding Disciplines and school subjects:
geography
Topic: geographic Instruments
Presented by- Chaitali Savala
Guidance – kishore ubhe

3. What's the weather like?

4. GEOGRAPHIC INSTRUMENTS
• Geography is the study of the physical
features of the earth and the atmosphere
surrounding of the earth
• The instruments used to measure weather
and climate which gives answer like rainfall,
humidity & pressure and many more are
called geographical instruments.

5. SOME COMMON INSTRUMENT USED
IN PHYSICAL MEASUREMENT
• Thermometer
• Barometer
• Rain Gauge
• Seismograph

6. What is a thermometer
A thermometer is an instrument that is used to
measure temperature
• Thermo means heat
• Meter means to measure

7. Types of thermometer
There are various types of Thermometer. Here
are few examples
• Laser
• Probe
• Digital
• Fridge
• Infrared

8. Diagram of thermometer
Unit use for measuring the temperature
Unit:
1. Degree centigrade (c)
2. Degree Fahrenheit (f)

9. The function of a thermometer
• Thermometer are primarily used both in
hospitals and household to check and monitor
body temperature
• They are also used to gauge the temperature of
a given day for the meteorological department
• Other uses include checking the temperature of
food items like cake and pastries along with
scientifically measuring heat flow and low
temperatures

10. What is a barometer
An instrument measuring atmospheric pressure
(the weight of the air in the atmosphere)

11. How does barometer works
It can measure the pressure exerted by the
atmosphere using:
1. Water
2. Air
3. Mercury
The Barometer works by balancing the weight
of mercury level in the tube up or down against
the atmospheric pressure

12. What barometer looks like
Air pressure, which is what a barometer
measures, can determine what kind of weather
we are going to suspect.
Example:
High pressure, you suspect colder temperatures
while low pressure, you can look warmer
weather and rain

13. Function of a barometer
A Barometer measures air pressure
• Low pressure means bad weather because
evaporated water rises easier into the sky
and is turned into rain
• High pressure means good weather because
evaporated weather has difficulty rising
because of the higher air pressure

14. Rain gauge
Measures the amount of liquid precipitation
over a period of time

15. What is a rain gauge
• A rain gauge is an artifact used metrological
stations to help measure and collect
precipitations that fall in a certain place
• Precipitations are all hydrometer falling to
the earth from atmosphere including rain,
drizzle, hail, snow and sleet, fog, etc.

16. There are two type of rain gauges:
1. Recording type rain gauge:
Most commonly used rain gauge having
collector surface
2. Non recording:
A well calibrated system having equipments to
record on its own
Following is the image of non recording rain
gauge installed at Vigyan ashram

17. What does rain gauge look like
• The gauge look like the funnel on top of a
tube. This tube takes the measurement.
• Some rain gauge may have another tube
outside the first one.
• This part is used to collect the overflow water
from the first tube

18. Function of rain gauge
• Study of water resources
• Used to design water harvesting structures
• Measure intensity of rainfall
• Helps collecting information of rainfall with
respect to time

19. Seismograph
Seismograph is an instrument used to detect
and record earthquakes
Seismo, meaning “shock” or “earthquake”

20. Seismograph
A record written by a Seismograph in response
to ground motions produced by an earthquake,
explosion, or other ground motion sources

21. How does seismograph works
When the ground shakes, it shakes the base of
the seismograph but the pen stays steady
because the heavy weight will tend to stay still
because of its resistance to motion

22. Function of seismograph
• Help to record the motion of ground during
the earthquake
• Used in research of earthquakes
• By comparing the discrete seismograph
produced by various stations, researchers can
determine the earthquakes epicenter (the
point on the earths surface directly above the
origin of the quake)

23. • Study of the earth’s interior has been
directed towards searching for oil deposits,
testing for ground instabilities before
construction and tracking down subterranean
nuclear explosions.

24. MQC Questions
1. The weather instrument measures air pressure
• Wind wane
• Rain gauge
• Thermometer
• Barometer
2. This type instrument measures amount of precipitation
• Thermometer
• Barometer
• Rain gauge
• Anemometer
3. This type instrument measures in Fahrenheit
• Rain gauge
• Thermometer
• Barometer
• Wind wane

25. 4. This measure instrument is called
• Rain gauge
• Barometer
• Thermometer
• Seismograph
5. What does seismo means
• Heat
• Sound
• Shock
• Rain
6. This instrument used to measure weather and climate are called as
• Rain gauge
• Geographical Instruments
• Thermometer
• Seismograph

26. Thank you