This document provides an overview of life under the sea by describing different ocean zones and the animals that inhabit them. It discusses how early explorations in the 1870s led to the discovery of thousands of new species. Later, submarines called bathyspheres allowed for deeper exploration. The document outlines five ocean zones - the Epipelagic, Mesopelagic, Bathypelagic, Abyssal, and Hadal zones. Each zone is characterized by different levels of sunlight and pressures. A variety of animals are described that have adapted to these conditions, such as algae, comb jellies, anglerfish, giant squids, sea cucumbers, and sea spiders.
Coral reefs are very unique, shallow marine geological formations. Over 150 million square kilometers area of the Earth is covered by excellent coral reefs. The largest coral reef is the Great Barrier Reef, located off the eastern coast of Australia. It stretches for more than 1500 Km. Some coral reefs are thousands of meters in thickness. Coral reef zones are the pleasant home to thousands of marine plants and animals. Corals themselves are good treasure houses with precious resources. Pirates used to hide their treasures in the sheltered coves of the coral reefs, in some places. The corals were first seen during 1815- by a naturalist. The name " bioherm " was given to the corals and coral reefs, initially, by William Thornbury. In this lesson, let us learn about the Corals, their origin, growth, types of Coral reefs and their distribution.
Coral reefs are very unique, shallow marine geological formations. Over 150 million square kilometers area of the Earth is covered by excellent coral reefs. The largest coral reef is the Great Barrier Reef, located off the eastern coast of Australia. It stretches for more than 1500 Km. Some coral reefs are thousands of meters in thickness. Coral reef zones are the pleasant home to thousands of marine plants and animals. Corals themselves are good treasure houses with precious resources. Pirates used to hide their treasures in the sheltered coves of the coral reefs, in some places. The corals were first seen during 1815- by a naturalist. The name " bioherm " was given to the corals and coral reefs, initially, by William Thornbury. In this lesson, let us learn about the Corals, their origin, growth, types of Coral reefs and their distribution.
Coral reefs are diverse underwater ecosystems held together by calcium carbonate structures secreted by corals. Coral reefs are built by colonies of tiny animals found in marine waters that contain few nutrients. Most coral reefs are built from stony corals, which in turn consist of polyps that cluster in groups.
Temperature, light, Oxygen, salinity, pH are important marine factors which impact the major life and physical properties of the oceans. These factors make the marine environment a dynamic entity and otherwise impacting on the terrestrial ecosystems too.
The geologic time scale, or geological time scale, (GTS) is a representation of time based on the rock record of Earth. It is a system of chronological dating that uses chronostratigraphy (the process of relating strata to time) and geochronology (scientific branch of geology that aims to determine the age of rocks). It is used primarily by Earth scientists (including geologists, paleontologists, geophysicists, geochemists, and paleoclimatologists) to describe the timing and relationships of events in geologic history. The time scale has been developed through the study of rock layers and the observation of their relationships and identifying features such as lithologies, paleomagnetic properties, and fossils. The definition of standardized international units of geologic time is the responsibility of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS), a constituent body of the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS), whose primary objective[1] is to precisely define global chronostratigraphic units of the International Chronostratigraphic Chart (ICC)[2] that are used to define divisions of geologic time. The chronostratigraphic divisions are in turn used to define geochronologic units.[2]
While some regional terms are still in use,[3] the table of geologic time presented in this article conforms to the nomenclature, ages, and color codes set forth by the ICS as this is the standard, reference global geologic time scale – the International Geological Time Scale.[1][
#SciChallenge2017 Biotope
This presentation describes how life is under water and describes all the things that you can find in the ocean, like fish, coral reefs and many habitats that fish live in.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2. OVER THE YEARS
• In 1872 the British ship Challenger, set sail for three- and- a- half years. The crew
threw nets down into the ocean and discovered…
four thousand new species
• William Beebe and Otis Barton made a bathysphere or as we know it today, a
submarine.
• In the past, submarines were made out of quartz and steel and they still are today
Bathysphere
3. OVER THE YEARS (CONT)
• The ocean covers 70% of the Earth
• Scientists have only discovered 5% of the ocean out of 70%
• You might think that’s not a lot, but there are a lot of places in the ocean that are
too dangerous to explore or to deep down to travel to
• Scientists have found hydrothermal vents that use the chemicals in the hot water
to make food for the animals that can’t find any
Hydrothermal vents
4. ANTARCTICA
• In the 2000s scientists discovered Yeti Crabs and Albino Octopuses
• Yeti Crabs have hairy chests and hairy arms
• Scientists described the moving crabs as bees because they are always busy
• They also have bacteria growing on their arms
Yeti Crab
5. Ocean Zones
•The chart above is a picture of the different layers of the ocean. Many different
animals lived in these zones. The next few slides will describe the different zones
and the animals that live there.
6. The Epipelagic Zone- Algae
• The Epipelagic Zone is where most of the plants and animals of the ocean live
• It is nicknamed the “Sunlight Zone” because it is where most visible light exists
• Algae is a plant that is found in the Epipelagic Zone
• It provides oxygen for other marine animals
• Algae grows by the process of photosynthesis
• Photosynthesis a process used by plants and other organisms to covert light
energy, normally from the sun, into chemical energy that can be later released to
fuel the organisms’ activities
Ocean Algae
7. Mesopelagic Zone- Comb Jellies
• In the Mesopelagic Zone, fish use bioluminescence to see in the dark waters
• Bioluminescence is the production of light by a living organism
• One animal that lives in the Mesopelagic Zone is the Comb Jelly
• It is not related to the jellyfish at all
• The Comb Jellies have lived in the ocean for about 5 million years
• It has long trailing tentacles and will almost eat anything it runs into
Comb Jelly
9. Abyssal Zone- Giant Squid
• Sunlight doesn’t reach the Abyssal Zone
• The animals in this zone usually are invertebrates
• Invertebrates- animals without a backbone
• The Giant Squid lives in this layer of the ocean
• It moves by jet propulsion which consists of collecting the ocean water and
shooting it out
Giant Squid
10. Hadal Zone- Sea Cucumber & Sea Spider
• Nicknamed the Trench Zone because the deepest trenches are in this zone
• It is dark and cold
• Animals in this zone have adapted to the darkness by reducing their use of
eyesight
• The Sea Cucumber eats floating food like algae
• They break down their food into tiny pieces which then becomes food for bacteria
• The Sea Spider is related to horseshoe crabs, scorpions, and mites
• They eat jelly fish and other soft body animals by ripping them to bits
