The document discusses key concepts in computer and information security. It defines basic security terms like authentication, availability, confidentiality, integrity, and introduces security models like the Bell-LaPadula model. It describes the operational model of computer security which includes prevention, detection, and response. It also discusses the NIST Cybersecurity Framework which outlines five core functions: identify, protect, detect, respond and recover.
The document discusses data security and controls in database management systems. It begins by introducing basic security concepts like secrecy, integrity, availability, security policy, and prevention vs detection approaches. It then describes access controls commonly found in current database systems, including different levels of granularity (e.g. entire database, specific relations or rows) and control modes (e.g. read, write, delete permissions). It also introduces the problem of multilevel security that traditional access controls cannot fully address.
This document provides an introduction to information security concepts. It defines information security as protecting information and systems from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption or destruction. The key aspects of information security are confidentiality, integrity and availability. Basic security terminology like identification, authentication, access control and confidentiality are explained. Common network vulnerabilities like weak passwords, protocol design flaws, and unauthorized access through modems are also discussed. The importance of network security is to protect company assets, gain competitive advantage and ensure regulatory compliance.
The Zero Trust Security Model for Modern Businesses!Caroline Johnson
A Zero Trust security strategy is better at preventing cyber-attacks and has a higher resilience against new vulnerabilities and exploits that might be uncovered during an attack. It provides a solid defense system for your business to combat any eventuality that might put your brand reputation at stake.
Learn more here: https://bit.ly/3Wxljdd
This document provides an introduction to network security. It discusses how computer data can be at risk when traveling between computers unless protected by cryptography. It defines computer security, network security, and internet security. Network security aims to ensure optimal machine functioning and restrict user access rights. Advantages include protecting client data and shared information. The document outlines security requirements like confidentiality, integrity, availability, and authentication. It also discusses challenges of security and provides an overview of the network security model and intrusion detection systems.
Cloud security network is all about protecting the network and its components from data breaches and cyberattacks. Strong cloud network security measures include firewalls, encryption, and access controls to ensure only authorized users can access the network and data. Whether you're using private or hybrid cloud models, securing your cloud network is essential to avoid data breaches, ensure compliance, and maintain smooth business operations. Best practices include identity and access management (IAM), secure connections, zero-trust networks, and understanding the shared responsibility model. Regular security audits and cloud penetration testing can also help identify and fix vulnerabilities. Qualysec is the best penetration testing company that follows a process-based testing approach.
Essay QuestionsAnswer all questions below in a single document, pr.docxjenkinsmandie
Essay Questions
Answer all questions below in a single document, preferably below the corresponding topic.
Responses should be no longer than half a page.
One
1. A security program should address issues from a strategic, tactical, and operational view. The
security program should be integrated at every level of the enterprise’s architecture. List a
security program in each level and provide a list of security activities or controls applied in these
levels. Support your list with real-world application data.
2. The objectives of security are to provide availability, integrity, and confidentiality protection to
data and resources. List examples of these security states where an asset could lose these
security states when attacked, compromised, or became vulnerable. Your examples could
include fictitious assets that have undergone some changes.
3. Risk assessment can be completed in a qualitative or quantitative manner. Explain each risk
assessment methodology and provide an example of each.
Two
1. Access controls are security features that are usually considered the first line of defense in
asset protection. They are used to dictate how subjects access objects, and their main goal is to
protect the objects from unauthorized access.
These controls can be administrative, physical, or technical in nature and should be applied in a
layered approach, ensuring that an intruder would have to compromise more than one
countermeasure to access critical assets. Explain each of these controls of administrative,
physical, and technical with examples of real-world applications.
2. Access control defines how users should be identified, authenticated, and authorized. These
issues are carried out differently in different access control models and technologies, and it is up
to the organization to determine which best fits its business and security needs. Explain each of
these access control models with examples of real-world applications.
3. The architecture of a computer system is very important and comprises many topics. The
system has to ensure that memory is properly segregated and protected, ensure that only
authorized subjects access objects, ensure that untrusted processes cannot perform activities
that would put other processes at risk, control the flow of information, and define a domain of
resources for each subject. It also must ensure that if the computer experiences any type of
disruption, it will not result in an insecure state. Many of these issues are dealt with in the
system’s security policy, and the security model is built to support the requirements of this
policy. Given these definitions, provide an example where you could better design computer
architecture to secure the computer system with real-world applications. You may use fictitious
examples to support your argument.
Three
1. Our distributed environments have put much more responsibility on the individual user, facility
management, and administrative procedures and controls than in th.
The document discusses data security and controls in database management systems. It begins by introducing basic security concepts like secrecy, integrity, availability, security policy, and prevention vs detection approaches. It then describes access controls commonly found in current database systems, including different levels of granularity (e.g. entire database, specific relations or rows) and control modes (e.g. read, write, delete permissions). It also introduces the problem of multilevel security that traditional access controls cannot fully address.
This document provides an introduction to information security concepts. It defines information security as protecting information and systems from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption or destruction. The key aspects of information security are confidentiality, integrity and availability. Basic security terminology like identification, authentication, access control and confidentiality are explained. Common network vulnerabilities like weak passwords, protocol design flaws, and unauthorized access through modems are also discussed. The importance of network security is to protect company assets, gain competitive advantage and ensure regulatory compliance.
The Zero Trust Security Model for Modern Businesses!Caroline Johnson
A Zero Trust security strategy is better at preventing cyber-attacks and has a higher resilience against new vulnerabilities and exploits that might be uncovered during an attack. It provides a solid defense system for your business to combat any eventuality that might put your brand reputation at stake.
Learn more here: https://bit.ly/3Wxljdd
This document provides an introduction to network security. It discusses how computer data can be at risk when traveling between computers unless protected by cryptography. It defines computer security, network security, and internet security. Network security aims to ensure optimal machine functioning and restrict user access rights. Advantages include protecting client data and shared information. The document outlines security requirements like confidentiality, integrity, availability, and authentication. It also discusses challenges of security and provides an overview of the network security model and intrusion detection systems.
Cloud security network is all about protecting the network and its components from data breaches and cyberattacks. Strong cloud network security measures include firewalls, encryption, and access controls to ensure only authorized users can access the network and data. Whether you're using private or hybrid cloud models, securing your cloud network is essential to avoid data breaches, ensure compliance, and maintain smooth business operations. Best practices include identity and access management (IAM), secure connections, zero-trust networks, and understanding the shared responsibility model. Regular security audits and cloud penetration testing can also help identify and fix vulnerabilities. Qualysec is the best penetration testing company that follows a process-based testing approach.
Essay QuestionsAnswer all questions below in a single document, pr.docxjenkinsmandie
Essay Questions
Answer all questions below in a single document, preferably below the corresponding topic.
Responses should be no longer than half a page.
One
1. A security program should address issues from a strategic, tactical, and operational view. The
security program should be integrated at every level of the enterprise’s architecture. List a
security program in each level and provide a list of security activities or controls applied in these
levels. Support your list with real-world application data.
2. The objectives of security are to provide availability, integrity, and confidentiality protection to
data and resources. List examples of these security states where an asset could lose these
security states when attacked, compromised, or became vulnerable. Your examples could
include fictitious assets that have undergone some changes.
3. Risk assessment can be completed in a qualitative or quantitative manner. Explain each risk
assessment methodology and provide an example of each.
Two
1. Access controls are security features that are usually considered the first line of defense in
asset protection. They are used to dictate how subjects access objects, and their main goal is to
protect the objects from unauthorized access.
These controls can be administrative, physical, or technical in nature and should be applied in a
layered approach, ensuring that an intruder would have to compromise more than one
countermeasure to access critical assets. Explain each of these controls of administrative,
physical, and technical with examples of real-world applications.
2. Access control defines how users should be identified, authenticated, and authorized. These
issues are carried out differently in different access control models and technologies, and it is up
to the organization to determine which best fits its business and security needs. Explain each of
these access control models with examples of real-world applications.
3. The architecture of a computer system is very important and comprises many topics. The
system has to ensure that memory is properly segregated and protected, ensure that only
authorized subjects access objects, ensure that untrusted processes cannot perform activities
that would put other processes at risk, control the flow of information, and define a domain of
resources for each subject. It also must ensure that if the computer experiences any type of
disruption, it will not result in an insecure state. Many of these issues are dealt with in the
system’s security policy, and the security model is built to support the requirements of this
policy. Given these definitions, provide an example where you could better design computer
architecture to secure the computer system with real-world applications. You may use fictitious
examples to support your argument.
Three
1. Our distributed environments have put much more responsibility on the individual user, facility
management, and administrative procedures and controls than in th.
This document provides an overview of a university course on Cryptography and Network Security. It begins with the course syllabus, which outlines topics like security concepts, cryptography concepts and techniques, and types of security attacks. It then discusses key security concepts such as security services, security mechanisms, security attacks, and models for network and access security. It provides examples of security services like authentication, access control, and data confidentiality. It also describes security mechanisms and different classes of security attacks. The document concludes by listing reference books, online videos, related courses, tutorials, and sample multiple choice and problems related to cryptography and network security.
This document outlines the topics and structure of an Information Security Management course. The course will cover planning for security, information security policy, developing security programs, risk management, protection mechanisms, personnel security, law and ethics, and security in the cloud. Assessments, case studies, presentations, labs, and class participation will be used for evaluation. Current security topics will be researched and presented. A term paper and demonstration project will also be required. The goal is to examine information security holistically within an organization.
Secure Architecture and Incident Management for E-BusinessMarc S. Sokol
To compete in a global market companies must migrate key business processes to the Internet. Organizations are leveraging new technologies to broaden their market share globally, to enter into new or extended fields of business, to increase employee productivity, and to build and merge partnerships and joint ventures regardless of location. This paper explores the necessary security and incident response capabilities to effectively and reliably pursue these opportunities.
This document provides an overview of network and information security. It discusses key concepts like the OSI security architecture, security attacks, mechanisms, and services. It explains why security is important to protect company assets, gain competitive advantages, comply with regulations, and ensure job security. The security trinity of prevention, detection, and response is also explained. Basic security terminology is defined, including authentication, access control, confidentiality, availability, data integrity, accountability, and non-repudiation. Finally, it discusses what a security policy is and its importance.
This document provides an overview of information systems and security topics including computer security, authentication mechanisms, firewalls, computer crimes, social impacts of computers, computer viruses, worms, digital signatures and certificates. It discusses information security principles of confidentiality, integrity and availability. It also covers specific authentication mechanisms like passwords, multi-factor authentication, certificates, tokens and biometrics. Additionally, it defines what a firewall is and how it works to inspect and block unauthorized network traffic based on packet rules.
This document discusses the design and implementation of a network security model using routers and firewalls. It begins by outlining the importance of network security and some common vulnerabilities, threats, and attacks against network devices like routers. It then provides details on specific attacks like session hijacking, spoofing, and denial of service attacks. The document also discusses best practices for router and firewall security policies, including access control, authentication, and traffic filtering. The overall aim is to protect networks from vulnerabilities and security weaknesses by implementing preventative measures, securing devices like routers and firewalls, and establishing proper security policies.
This chapter introduces key concepts in cryptography and network security. It defines computer, network, and internet security and discusses security attacks, services, and mechanisms. The chapter presents models for providing network security and controlling network access security using cryptographic techniques and trusted systems. The overall aim is to understand measures for protecting data transmission and storage.
This chapter introduces key concepts in cryptography and network security. It defines computer, network, and internet security and discusses security attacks, services, and mechanisms. The chapter presents models for providing network security and controlling network access security using cryptographic techniques and trusted systems. The overall aim is to understand measures for protecting data transmission and storage.
This document discusses the key concepts of cyber security. It begins by defining cyber security as the practice of defending computers, servers, mobile devices, electronic systems, networks, and data from malicious attacks. The document then explains the three key concepts that form the foundation of cyber security, known as the CIA Triad: confidentiality, integrity, and availability. It provides examples of how each concept is implemented. The document also distinguishes between cyber security and information security, and lists some common categories of cyber security like network security, application security, and information security. It concludes by discussing types of cyber threats, common cyber attacks, and elements of an effective cyber security checklist.
Information security involves protecting information and systems from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption or destruction. It aims to ensure the confidentiality, integrity and availability of information through technical, administrative and physical controls. The most common principles of information security are confidentiality, integrity, availability, authenticity, non-repudiation and accountability. Access controls like identification, authentication and authorization help enforce security policies and protect information based on user roles and permissions. Cryptography also plays an important role through encryption to render data unusable without authorization. Information security requires an ongoing, layered approach to safeguard information throughout its lifecycle.
11What is Security 1.1 Introduction The central role of co.docxmoggdede
1
1
What is Security? 1.1 Introduction
The central role of computer security for the working of the economy, the defense of the country, and the protection of our individual privacy is universally acknowledged today. This is a relatively recent development; it has resulted from the rapid deployment of Internet technologies in all fields of human endeavor and throughout the world that started at the beginning of the 1990s. Mainframe computers have handled secret military information and personal computers have stored private data from the very beginning of their existence in the mid-1940s and 1980s, respectively. However, security was not a crucial issue in either case: the information could mostly be protected in the old-fashioned way, by physically locking up the computer and checking the trustworthiness of the people who worked on it through background checks and screening procedures. What has radically changed and made the physical and administrative approaches to computer security insufficient is the interconnectedness of computers and information systems. Highly sensitive economic, financial, military, and personal information is stored and processed in a global network that spans countries, governments, businesses, organizations, and individuals. Securing this cyberspace is synonymous with securing the normal functioning of our daily lives.
Secure information systems must work reliably despite random errors, disturbances, and malicious attacks. Mechanisms incorporating security measures are not just hard to design and implement but can also backfire by decreasing efficiency, sometimes to the point of making the system unusable. This is why some programmers used to look at security mechanisms as an unfortunate nuisance; they require more work, do not add new functionality, and slow down the application and thus decrease usability. The situation is similar when adding security at the hardware, network, or organizational level: increased security makes the system clumsier and less fun to use; just think of the current airport security checks and contrast them to the happy (and now so distant) pre–September 11, 2001 memories of buying your ticket right before boarding the plane. Nonetheless, systems must work, and they must be secure; thus, there is a fine balance to maintain between the level of security on one side and the efficiency and usability of the system on the other. One can argue that there are three key attributes of information systems:
Processing capacity—speed
Convenience—user friendliness
Secure—reliable operation
The process of securing these systems is finding an acceptable balance of these attributes. 1.2 The Subject of Security
Security is a word used to refer to many things, so its use has become somewhat ambiguous. Here we will try to clarify just what security focuses on. Over the years, the subject of information security has been considered from a number of perspectives, as a concept, a function, and ...
Cybersecurity Interview Questions and Answers.pdfJazmine Brown
Cyber security professionals are in high demand, and those willing to learn new skills to enter the area will have plenty of opportunities. Our goal is to present you with the most comprehensive selection of cybersecurity interview questions available.
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering(IOSR-JECE) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electronics and communication engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electronics and communication engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
IAS101_Week 2-3_Introduction to Information Systems and Security.pptxAngela Arago
The document discusses information systems security over two weeks. It introduces information systems and security, explaining how availability, integrity, and confidentiality can affect the seven domains of IT infrastructure. It describes threats and vulnerabilities within the seven domains and the purpose of security policies to reduce risk.
This document summarizes a student project report on implementing a zero trust security model. It begins by defining zero trust security as requiring strict identity verification for every person and device trying to access private network resources, regardless of location. It then outlines some of the core principles of zero trust security, including least privilege access, micro-segmentation, continuous monitoring and dynamic access policies. The document proposes implementing zero trust at the organization by enhancing data protection, network segmentation, and access controls. It describes the benefits of zero trust as improved security, compliance and adaptive access controls.
The document provides an overview of information security concepts including confidentiality, integrity, availability, encryption, access control, classification labels, risk management, security policies, business continuity planning, operational security, intrusions and attacks, and cryptography. Key terms like encryption algorithms, internet key exchange, and types of intrusion detection systems are defined. A brief history of cryptography from ancient times to modern ciphers is also presented.
Zero Trust Cyber Security is a security framework that operates on the principle of "never trust, always verify." It assumes that all users, devices, and networks are untrusted by default, requiring continuous verification for access to resources. By enforcing strict authentication, authorization, and micro-segmentation, Zero Trust minimizes the risk of data breaches, lateral movement of threats, and insider attacks. This approach provides enhanced protection in today's complex threat landscape, especially with the rise of remote work and cloud environments.
This document discusses fundamentals of information security. It begins by defining information security and outlining general goals of confidentiality, integrity, and availability. It then discusses developing a security policy as the first step, followed by a security standards document. Various tools for implementing information security are described, including firewalls, intrusion detection systems, encryption, and virtual private networks. The goals of information security strategies are prevention, detection, and recovery. A culture of security is important for all levels of an organization. In conclusion, information security requires an ongoing, complex process involving policy, standards, education, and technology to be implemented successfully.
The document discusses the requirements for an effective security system, including support from management, risk analysis, resource allocation, clear policies and responsibilities, and different types of controls. It also defines key security concepts like threats, vulnerabilities, risks, and countermeasures. Finally, it explains universal security principles such as least privilege, defense in depth, minimization, and compartmentalization that are commonly used to design effective security systems.
 Assignment 1 Discussion Question Prosocial Behavior and Altrui.docxbudbarber38650

Assignment 1: Discussion Question: Prosocial Behavior and Altruism
By Saturday, July 11, 2015, respond to the discussion question. Submit your responses to the appropriate Discussion Area. Use the same Discussion Area to comment on your classmates' submissions by Saturday, July 11, 2015, and continue the discussion until Wednesday, July 15, 2015 of the week.
Consider and discuss how the phenomena of prosocial behavior and pure altruism relate to each other and how they differ from each other.
Pure altruism is a specific kind of prosocial behavior where your sole motivation is to help a person in need without seeking benefit for yourself. It is often viewed as a truly selfless form of behavior.
Provide an example each of prosocial behavior and pure altruism.

.
● what is name of the new unit and what topics will Professor Moss c.docxbudbarber38650
● what is name of the new unit and what topics will Professor Moss cover? How does this unit correlate to modern times?
● what problems were apparent in urban America?
● what were the three main streams of immigration up through the 1920s? What are "birds of passage?" How were Japanese and Korean immigrants different than Chinese immigrants? What is meant by "pale of settlement" and "pogrom."
● What is meant by "Americanization" and how did this process occur?
● What were the various forms of popular culture during this era, and why were they important?
● what forms of popular culture did working women enjoy? How did middle-class reformers react to these forms?
● what is meant by "the new woman" and "mothers to society?"
● How did middle-class men generally respond to the changing times? Why were people like Eugene Sandow and Harry Houdini so significant at this time?
● What were some of the examples of nativism at this time?
● What was the Social Gospel and what are settlement houses?
.
More Related Content
Similar to General Security ConceptsChapter 2Principles of Comput.docx
This document provides an overview of a university course on Cryptography and Network Security. It begins with the course syllabus, which outlines topics like security concepts, cryptography concepts and techniques, and types of security attacks. It then discusses key security concepts such as security services, security mechanisms, security attacks, and models for network and access security. It provides examples of security services like authentication, access control, and data confidentiality. It also describes security mechanisms and different classes of security attacks. The document concludes by listing reference books, online videos, related courses, tutorials, and sample multiple choice and problems related to cryptography and network security.
This document outlines the topics and structure of an Information Security Management course. The course will cover planning for security, information security policy, developing security programs, risk management, protection mechanisms, personnel security, law and ethics, and security in the cloud. Assessments, case studies, presentations, labs, and class participation will be used for evaluation. Current security topics will be researched and presented. A term paper and demonstration project will also be required. The goal is to examine information security holistically within an organization.
Secure Architecture and Incident Management for E-BusinessMarc S. Sokol
To compete in a global market companies must migrate key business processes to the Internet. Organizations are leveraging new technologies to broaden their market share globally, to enter into new or extended fields of business, to increase employee productivity, and to build and merge partnerships and joint ventures regardless of location. This paper explores the necessary security and incident response capabilities to effectively and reliably pursue these opportunities.
This document provides an overview of network and information security. It discusses key concepts like the OSI security architecture, security attacks, mechanisms, and services. It explains why security is important to protect company assets, gain competitive advantages, comply with regulations, and ensure job security. The security trinity of prevention, detection, and response is also explained. Basic security terminology is defined, including authentication, access control, confidentiality, availability, data integrity, accountability, and non-repudiation. Finally, it discusses what a security policy is and its importance.
This document provides an overview of information systems and security topics including computer security, authentication mechanisms, firewalls, computer crimes, social impacts of computers, computer viruses, worms, digital signatures and certificates. It discusses information security principles of confidentiality, integrity and availability. It also covers specific authentication mechanisms like passwords, multi-factor authentication, certificates, tokens and biometrics. Additionally, it defines what a firewall is and how it works to inspect and block unauthorized network traffic based on packet rules.
This document discusses the design and implementation of a network security model using routers and firewalls. It begins by outlining the importance of network security and some common vulnerabilities, threats, and attacks against network devices like routers. It then provides details on specific attacks like session hijacking, spoofing, and denial of service attacks. The document also discusses best practices for router and firewall security policies, including access control, authentication, and traffic filtering. The overall aim is to protect networks from vulnerabilities and security weaknesses by implementing preventative measures, securing devices like routers and firewalls, and establishing proper security policies.
This chapter introduces key concepts in cryptography and network security. It defines computer, network, and internet security and discusses security attacks, services, and mechanisms. The chapter presents models for providing network security and controlling network access security using cryptographic techniques and trusted systems. The overall aim is to understand measures for protecting data transmission and storage.
This chapter introduces key concepts in cryptography and network security. It defines computer, network, and internet security and discusses security attacks, services, and mechanisms. The chapter presents models for providing network security and controlling network access security using cryptographic techniques and trusted systems. The overall aim is to understand measures for protecting data transmission and storage.
This document discusses the key concepts of cyber security. It begins by defining cyber security as the practice of defending computers, servers, mobile devices, electronic systems, networks, and data from malicious attacks. The document then explains the three key concepts that form the foundation of cyber security, known as the CIA Triad: confidentiality, integrity, and availability. It provides examples of how each concept is implemented. The document also distinguishes between cyber security and information security, and lists some common categories of cyber security like network security, application security, and information security. It concludes by discussing types of cyber threats, common cyber attacks, and elements of an effective cyber security checklist.
Information security involves protecting information and systems from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption or destruction. It aims to ensure the confidentiality, integrity and availability of information through technical, administrative and physical controls. The most common principles of information security are confidentiality, integrity, availability, authenticity, non-repudiation and accountability. Access controls like identification, authentication and authorization help enforce security policies and protect information based on user roles and permissions. Cryptography also plays an important role through encryption to render data unusable without authorization. Information security requires an ongoing, layered approach to safeguard information throughout its lifecycle.
11What is Security 1.1 Introduction The central role of co.docxmoggdede
1
1
What is Security? 1.1 Introduction
The central role of computer security for the working of the economy, the defense of the country, and the protection of our individual privacy is universally acknowledged today. This is a relatively recent development; it has resulted from the rapid deployment of Internet technologies in all fields of human endeavor and throughout the world that started at the beginning of the 1990s. Mainframe computers have handled secret military information and personal computers have stored private data from the very beginning of their existence in the mid-1940s and 1980s, respectively. However, security was not a crucial issue in either case: the information could mostly be protected in the old-fashioned way, by physically locking up the computer and checking the trustworthiness of the people who worked on it through background checks and screening procedures. What has radically changed and made the physical and administrative approaches to computer security insufficient is the interconnectedness of computers and information systems. Highly sensitive economic, financial, military, and personal information is stored and processed in a global network that spans countries, governments, businesses, organizations, and individuals. Securing this cyberspace is synonymous with securing the normal functioning of our daily lives.
Secure information systems must work reliably despite random errors, disturbances, and malicious attacks. Mechanisms incorporating security measures are not just hard to design and implement but can also backfire by decreasing efficiency, sometimes to the point of making the system unusable. This is why some programmers used to look at security mechanisms as an unfortunate nuisance; they require more work, do not add new functionality, and slow down the application and thus decrease usability. The situation is similar when adding security at the hardware, network, or organizational level: increased security makes the system clumsier and less fun to use; just think of the current airport security checks and contrast them to the happy (and now so distant) pre–September 11, 2001 memories of buying your ticket right before boarding the plane. Nonetheless, systems must work, and they must be secure; thus, there is a fine balance to maintain between the level of security on one side and the efficiency and usability of the system on the other. One can argue that there are three key attributes of information systems:
Processing capacity—speed
Convenience—user friendliness
Secure—reliable operation
The process of securing these systems is finding an acceptable balance of these attributes. 1.2 The Subject of Security
Security is a word used to refer to many things, so its use has become somewhat ambiguous. Here we will try to clarify just what security focuses on. Over the years, the subject of information security has been considered from a number of perspectives, as a concept, a function, and ...
Cybersecurity Interview Questions and Answers.pdfJazmine Brown
Cyber security professionals are in high demand, and those willing to learn new skills to enter the area will have plenty of opportunities. Our goal is to present you with the most comprehensive selection of cybersecurity interview questions available.
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering(IOSR-JECE) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electronics and communication engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electronics and communication engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
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The document discusses information systems security over two weeks. It introduces information systems and security, explaining how availability, integrity, and confidentiality can affect the seven domains of IT infrastructure. It describes threats and vulnerabilities within the seven domains and the purpose of security policies to reduce risk.
This document summarizes a student project report on implementing a zero trust security model. It begins by defining zero trust security as requiring strict identity verification for every person and device trying to access private network resources, regardless of location. It then outlines some of the core principles of zero trust security, including least privilege access, micro-segmentation, continuous monitoring and dynamic access policies. The document proposes implementing zero trust at the organization by enhancing data protection, network segmentation, and access controls. It describes the benefits of zero trust as improved security, compliance and adaptive access controls.
The document provides an overview of information security concepts including confidentiality, integrity, availability, encryption, access control, classification labels, risk management, security policies, business continuity planning, operational security, intrusions and attacks, and cryptography. Key terms like encryption algorithms, internet key exchange, and types of intrusion detection systems are defined. A brief history of cryptography from ancient times to modern ciphers is also presented.
Zero Trust Cyber Security is a security framework that operates on the principle of "never trust, always verify." It assumes that all users, devices, and networks are untrusted by default, requiring continuous verification for access to resources. By enforcing strict authentication, authorization, and micro-segmentation, Zero Trust minimizes the risk of data breaches, lateral movement of threats, and insider attacks. This approach provides enhanced protection in today's complex threat landscape, especially with the rise of remote work and cloud environments.
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The document discusses the requirements for an effective security system, including support from management, risk analysis, resource allocation, clear policies and responsibilities, and different types of controls. It also defines key security concepts like threats, vulnerabilities, risks, and countermeasures. Finally, it explains universal security principles such as least privilege, defense in depth, minimization, and compartmentalization that are commonly used to design effective security systems.
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 Assignment 1 Discussion Question Prosocial Behavior and Altrui.docxbudbarber38650

Assignment 1: Discussion Question: Prosocial Behavior and Altruism
By Saturday, July 11, 2015, respond to the discussion question. Submit your responses to the appropriate Discussion Area. Use the same Discussion Area to comment on your classmates' submissions by Saturday, July 11, 2015, and continue the discussion until Wednesday, July 15, 2015 of the week.
Consider and discuss how the phenomena of prosocial behavior and pure altruism relate to each other and how they differ from each other.
Pure altruism is a specific kind of prosocial behavior where your sole motivation is to help a person in need without seeking benefit for yourself. It is often viewed as a truly selfless form of behavior.
Provide an example each of prosocial behavior and pure altruism.

.
● what is name of the new unit and what topics will Professor Moss c.docxbudbarber38650
● what is name of the new unit and what topics will Professor Moss cover? How does this unit correlate to modern times?
● what problems were apparent in urban America?
● what were the three main streams of immigration up through the 1920s? What are "birds of passage?" How were Japanese and Korean immigrants different than Chinese immigrants? What is meant by "pale of settlement" and "pogrom."
● What is meant by "Americanization" and how did this process occur?
● What were the various forms of popular culture during this era, and why were they important?
● what forms of popular culture did working women enjoy? How did middle-class reformers react to these forms?
● what is meant by "the new woman" and "mothers to society?"
● How did middle-class men generally respond to the changing times? Why were people like Eugene Sandow and Harry Houdini so significant at this time?
● What were some of the examples of nativism at this time?
● What was the Social Gospel and what are settlement houses?
.
…Multiple intelligences describe an individual’s strengths or capac.docxbudbarber38650
“…Multiple intelligences describe an individual’s strengths or capacities; learning styles describe an individual’s traits that relate to where and how one best learns” (Puckett, 2013, sec. 7.3).
This week you’ve read about the importance of getting to know your students in order to create relevant and engaging lesson plans that cater to multiple intelligences and are multimodal.
Assignment Instructions:
A. Using
SurveyMonkey
, create a survey that has:
At least five questions based on Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences
At least five additional questions on individual learning style inventory
A specific targeted student population grade level (elementary/ middle/ high school/adults)
Include the survey link for your peers
B. Post a minimum 150 word introduction to your survey, using at least one research-based article (cited in APA format) explaining how it will:
Evaluate students’ abilities in terms of learning styles/preferences
Assist in the creation of differentiated lesson plans.
.
• World Cultural Perspective Paper Final SubmissionResources.docxbudbarber38650
•
World Cultural Perspective Paper Final Submission
Resources
•
By successfully completing this assignment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and assignment criteria:
•
Competency 1:
Evaluate communication issues and trends of various cultures within the United States.
•
Utilize effective research methods using a variety of applicable sources.
•
Demonstrate an ability to connect suitably selected research information with course content.
•
Competency 2:
Develop cultural self-awareness and other-culture awareness.
•
Investigate the interactive effect that cultural tendencies, issues, and trends of various cultures have on communication.
•
Competency 4:
Analyze how nonverbal communication (body language) affects intercultural communication.
•
Explain how personal interactions are affected by the nonverbal characteristics and differences specific to the U.S. culture.
•
Competency 5:
Communicate effectively in a variety of formats and contexts.
•
Write coherently to support a central idea in appropriate format with correct grammar, usage, and mechanics.
Instructions
This paper is one piece of your course project. Complete the following:
•
Choose a world culture that is unfamiliar to you and is represented domestically in the United States.
•
Use research to collect a variety of resources about the culture. This includes interacting with members of the culture. In particular, focus your research on a small number of social issues surrounding the culture, along with cultural tendencies and trends, and the effect of these things on communication. Types of resources include interviews, media presentations, Web sites, text readings, scholarly articles, and other related materials.
•
In a paper of 500–1,000 words, address these things:
•
Investigate the effect that the tendencies, issues, and trends of the culture have on communication.
•
Explain how characteristics of nonverbal communication and other differences between your selected culture and U.S. culture affect personal interactions between members of the two cultures.
•
Connect the research you gathered to your ideas and explanations.
Refer to the World Cultural Perspective Paper Final Submission Scoring Guide as you develop this assignment.
Assignment Requirements
•
Written Communication:
Written communication is free of errors that detract from the overall message.
•
APA Formatting:
Resources and citations are formatted according to APA style and formatting.
•
Page Requirements:
500–1,000 words.
•
Font and Font Size:
Times New Roman or Arial, 12 point.
Develop your assignment as a Microsoft Word document. Submit your document as an attachment in the assignment area.
Note:
Your instructor may also use the Writing Feedback Tool to provide feedback on your writing.
In the tool, click on the linked resources for helpful writing information.
•
Intercultural Competence Reflection
Resources
Review the situation in the media.
• Write a story; explaining and analyzing how a ce.docxbudbarber38650
•
W
rite a story; explaining and analyzing
how a certain independent variable ( at the individual, group or organization levels) affects a dependent variable (behaviour or attitude),
•
You will freely select your story from “ life” : from college, home, neighborhood, a book , a video/ movie, TV…etc. as long as the story has two clear dependent and independent variables.
•
You will finish with a conclusion that lists both variables and explain their relationship (cause and effect).
•
Assignment words limits 200 words (minimum)
WITH REFRENCES ABOUT THE STORY/ SCENARIO SOURCE !
.
•Use the general topic suggestion to form the thesis statement.docxbudbarber38650
•Use the general topic suggestion to form the
thesis statement
which will be an opinion on the topic. The thesis must have
three
controlling ideas.
•Develop an essay
map or informal outline
•Develop each paragraph using a specific
topic sentence
related to the controls in your thesis; thus, announcing the subject matter of that paragraph.
•Use
transitional devices
throughout the essay and in each paragraph.
•Use any combination of modes to support your arguments.
• Have a well-developed introduction and conclusion.
•Use quotes from the text to support your arguments.
•You must have a title.
•Make a “Work Cited” page with the text as the only source.
Topic:
Reading helps students to develop skills that will make them into a more optimally rounded person. Choose any three skills learned in reading and discuss how each one can help students to be more academically inclined.
the text
“The 1960s: A Decade of Promise and Heartbreak”
By Kenneth T. Walsh
March 9, 2010
US News
It was a decade of extremes, of
transformational
change and
bizarre
contrasts: flower children and
assassins
,
idealism
and
alienation
, rebellion and
backlash
. For many in the
massive
post-World War II baby boom generation, it was both the best of times and the worst of times. (7 words)
There will be many 50-year anniversaries to mark significant events of the 1960s, and a big reason is that what happened in that remarkable era still
resonates
today. At the dawn of that decade of contrasts a half century ago—on Jan. 2 ,1960—a
charismatic
young senator from Massachusetts named John F. Kennedy announced that he was running for president, and he won the nation's highest office the following November. He remains one of the
iconic
figures in U.S. history. On February 1, four determined black men sat at a whites-only lunch counter at a Woolworth's in Greensboro, N.C., and were denied service. Their act of
defiance
triggered a wave of sit-ins for civil rights across the South and brought
unrelenting
national attention to America's original sin of racism. On March 3, Elvis Presley returned to the United States from his Army stint in Germany, resuming his career as a pioneer of rock-and-roll and an icon of the youth culture celebrating freedom and a growing sense of rebellion.(5 words)
By the end of the decade, Kennedy had been
assassinated
, along with his brother Robert and the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. America's cities had become powder kegs as African-Americans, despite historic gains toward legal equality, became more impatient than ever at being second-class citizens. Women began demanding their rights in
unprecedented
numbers. Young people and their parents felt a widening generation gap as seen in their differing perceptions of
patriotism
, drug use, sexuality, and the work ethic. The now familiar culture wars between liberals and conservatives caused angry divisions over law and order, busing, racial preferences, abortion, the Vie.
•The topic is culture adaptation ( adoption )16 slides.docxbudbarber38650
•
The topic is
culture adaptation ( adoption )
16 slides
FIrst part
1- I have to interview 4 people ( Indians Chinese....)
(Experts professors students......)
-What kind or type of culture shock they experienced when they first came to Kuwait?
And whether they tolerated? how do they feel where they tolerated by Kuwaitis ?
- why culture tolerance of a foreign country is required in international marketing.
Based on what you learn those people, you will learn about feelings and their problems and difficulties when they first arrived in foreign countries. And knowing this, now you have to take this knowledge and apply to marketing and answer the questions whether it's difficult to adopt to foreign culture if it's difficult for people it's probably will be very difficult to also introduce those products and adopt those products to foreign culture. So that's why am asking you why culture tolerance in other nations are important and required to International marketing. you have to answer those
The second part of the presentation
You will identify or you will give domestic examples and foreign examples ( culture imperatives + culture electives + culture exclusive) examples of each category what is it about
The last question of the presentation
To Discuss the factor that determined successfully global adaptation
you have to
inculde a video
( 1 min max: 2 min)
Chapter 5 and you may find it in other chapters
This is the book for my course marketing you can get infomation from it :
https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B8pig2KdTaOBSkRzVjJvR1pLUkU/edit
.
•Choose 1 of the department work flow processes, and put together a .docxbudbarber38650
•Choose 1 of the department work flow processes, and put together a thorough 1-paragraph summary to explain to the team the importance of this process and how it works with the EHR. Choose 1 work flow process from the following choices: ◦Appointment scheduling
◦Front desk or check-in
◦Nursing or clinical support
◦Care provider
◦Check-out desk
◦Business office or billing
◦Clinical staff or care provider
•Discuss and describe 3 facility software applications that integrate with the EHR. Examples of software applications are electronic prescribing, speech recognition, master patient index, encoder, picture archiving and communication, personal health record (PHR), decision support, and more.
•Prepare a 3-paragraph summary of each application for the implementation team, and discuss any problems that may be encountered during EHR implementation.
•Describe the impact of 2 advantages and 2 disadvantages of the EHR so that the implementation team can start to prepare for this discussion with the administrators
650 words
.
‘The problem is not that people remember through photographs, but th.docxbudbarber38650
Sontag argues that while photographs can shock people, they are limited in helping people understand complex issues. Photographs alone do not provide context or narrative to help viewers comprehend what they are seeing. Narratives are better able to help people understand by providing more information and details beyond a single image. This has implications for how contemporary politics and humanitarian organizations use photographs and narrative to educate people and raise awareness.
·
C
hoose an article
o
1000 words
o
Published in 5 years
o
Credible (e.g. Wall Street Journal, Asia Times, Fortune)
·
Write 3 single spaced analysis
o
Relate to Organizational Behavior
o
APA style
o
Name of theory; Definition of the theory; Location of link in the article
o
Explain and make analysis
.
·You have been engaged to prepare the 2015 federal income tax re.docxbudbarber38650
·
You have been engaged to prepare the 2015 federal income tax return for Bob and Melissa Grant.
·
Your tax form submission should include: Form 1040, Schedules A, B, D, E, and Forms 4684 and 8949 as applicable. You will come across many items on the tax return we have not talked about in class; if we have not covered it in class, and it is not included in the information below, you do
not
need to address it on this assignment.
·
Your solution should contain a detailed workpaper that calculates the tax due or refunded with the return and calculated in the form of the tax formula (see Ch. 4 lecture slides). The calculation should be well labeled and EASY to follow. This presentation will be factored into your grade. Do NOT include any references or citations on your workpaper.
·
You may complete the return by hand (
neatly
) or typed using 2015 forms found on Blackboard or the IRS website. You may complete the form using software, one version of which is available in the ACELAB.
o
Note – ACELAB software is for the 2014 tax year; if you choose to use this method, you do not need to override the automatically calculated 2014 information, but your workpaper must detail each line item that will differ between the 2014 form generated and the 2015 forms).
·
Use the following assumptions in preparing the return:
o
The general method of accounting used by the Grants is the cash method.
o
Use all opportunities under law to minimize the 2015 federal income tax.
o
Use whole dollars when preparing the tax return.
o
Do not prepare a state income tax return.
o
Ignore the Line 45 calculation for alternative minimum tax.
o
If required information is missing, use reasonable assumptions to fill in the gaps.
Client memo (5 points)
·
Complete a letter to the client regarding tax planning advice. Identify and explain two reasonable tax planning items the family could use to minimize their tax liability and/or maximize their wealth. All items would be implemented in future years and do not impact the current tax return.
BOB AND MELISSA GRANT
INDIVIDUAL FEDERAL INCOME TAX RETURN
Bob (age 43, SSN #987-45-1234) and Melissa Grant (age 43, SSN #494-37-4893) are married and live in Lexington, Kentucky. The Grants would like to file a joint tax return for the year. The Grants’ mailing address is 95 Hickory Road, Lexington, Kentucky 40502.
The Grants have two children Jared (SSN #412-32-5690), age 18, and Alese (SSN #412-32-6940), age 12. Jared is still in high school and works part time as a waiter and earns about $2,000 a year. The Grant’s also provide financial support to Bob’s aged (85 years) grandfather, Michael Sr., who is widowed and lives alone. Michael Sr.’s Social Security number is 982-21-5543. He has no income and the Grant’s provide 100 percent of his support.
Bob Grant’s Forms W-2 provided the following wages and withholding for the year:
Employer
Gross Wages
Federal Income Tax Withholding
State Income Tax Withholding
National Sto.
·Time Value of MoneyQuestion A·Discuss the significance .docxbudbarber38650
·
Time Value of Money
Question A
·
Discuss the significance of recognizing the time value of money in the long-term impact of the capital budgeting decision.
Question B
·
Discuss how the internal rate of return (IRR) method differs from the net present value (NPV) method. Be sure to include an explanation of what the IRR method is and what the NPV method is.
The initial post by day 5 should be a minimum of 150 words. If you use any source outside of your own thoughts, you should reference that source. Include solid grammar, punctuation, sentence structure, and spelling.
.
·Reviewthe steps of the communication model on in Ch. 2 of Bus.docxbudbarber38650
·
Reviewthe steps of the communication model on in Ch. 2 of
Business Communication
. See Figure 2.1.
·
Identify one personal or business communication scenario.
Describe each step of that communication using your personal or business scenario. Use detailed paragraphs in the boxes provided
Steps of communication model
Personal or business scenario
1.
Sender has an idea.
2.
Sender encodes the idea in a message.
3.
Sender produces the message in a medium.
4.
Sender transmits message through a channel.
5.
Audience receives the message.
6.
Audience decodes the message.
7.
Audience responds to the message.
8.
Audience provides feedback to the sender.
Additional Insight
Identify
two potential barriers that could occur in your communication scenario and then explain how you would overcome them. Write your answer(s) below.
.
·Research Activity Sustainable supply chain can be viewed as.docxbudbarber38650
·
Research Activity
Sustainable supply chain can be viewed as Management of raw materials and services from suppliers to manufacturers/ service provider to customer - with improvement of the social and environmental impacts explicitly considered.
Carry out a literature review on sustainable / green supply chain and prepare:
·
A report (provide an example) -2500-3000 words approximately and
Issues/topics that
you may like
to address/consider are:
1.
Drivers for Sustainable SCM
2.
Analysing the impact of carbon emissions on manufacturing operation, cost and profit by focusing on product life cycle analysis.
Analyse aspects of the product life cycle in terms of; Outlining CO2 emission points and scope, defining CO2 baseline, prioritising measures to reduce or off set emissions and finally planning and initiating actions.
3.
New ways of thinking/information sharing
Seven key solution areas were identified:
·
In- store logistics: includes in-store visibility, shelf-ready products, shopper interaction
·
Collaborative physical logistics: shared transport, shared warehouse, shared infrastructure
·
Reverse logistics: product recycling, packaging recycling, returnable assets
·
Demand fluctuation management: joint planning, execution and monitoring
·
Identification and labelling: through the use of barcodes and RFID tags. Identification is about providing all partners in the value chain with the ability to use the same standardised mechanism to uniquely identify parties/locations, items and events with clear rules about where, how, when and by whom these will be created, used and maintained. Labels currently are the most widely used means to communicate about relevant sustainability and security aspects of a certain product towards consumers
·
Efficient assets: alternative forms of energy, efficient/aerodynamic vehicles, switching modes, green buildings
·
Joint scorecard and business plan: this solution consists of a suite of industry-relevant measurement tools falling into two broad categories: qualitative tools, which are a set of capability metrics designed to measure the extent to which the trading partners (supplier, service provider and retailer) are working collaboratively; and quantitative tools, which include business metrics aimed at measuring the impact of collaboration
4.
Sustainability in the carbon economy
5.
Introducing/developing sustainable KPI
s
to SC, SCOR,GSCF Models
Wal-Mart
may be a good example to look at: when you burn less, you pay less and emit less, and the benefits can ripple further. The big advantages for organisations in becoming sustainable are reducing costs and helping the environment. For example: Wal-Mart sells 25% of detergent sold in the United States, by replacing regular washing detergent with concentrate they will save: 400 million gallons of water, 125 million pounds of cardboard and packaging, 95 million pounds of plastic.
.
·DISCUSSION 1 – VARIOUS THEORIES – Discuss the following in 150-.docxbudbarber38650
·
DISCUSSION 1 – VARIOUS THEORIES – Discuss the following in 150-200 words with in text citations and references:
·
Differentiate between the various dispositional, biological and evolutionary personality theories.
·
DISCUSSION 2 – STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS – Discuss the following in 150-200 words with in text citations and references:
·
Explain the strengths and limitations of dispositional, biological and evolutionary personality theories.
·
DISCUSSION 3 – ANALYZE PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS – Discuss the following in 150-200 words with in text citations and references:
·
Analyze individual personality characteristics using dispositional, biological and evolutionary personality theories.
·
DISCUSSION 4 – INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS – Discuss the following in 150-200 words with in text citations and references:
·
Explain interpersonal relations using dispositional and biological or evolutionary personality theories.
·
DISCUSSION 5 – ALLPORTS BELIEF – Discuss the following in 150-200 words with in text citations and references:
·
Do you agree or disagree with Allport's belief that individuals are motivated by present drives, not past events? Why?
.
·
Module 6 Essay Content
:
o
The Module/Week 6 essay requires you to discuss the history and contours of the “original intent” vs. “judicial activism” debate in American jurisprudence.
o
Part 1: Introduce and explain the key arguments supporting the “original intent” perspective and the argument for “judicial activism.”
o
Part 2: Weigh the merits of both sides and provide an assessment of both based upon research and analysis.
·
P
age Length:
At least three (3) pages in addition to the title page, abstract page, and bibliography page
·
Sources/Citations
: At least ten (10) sources, combining course material and outside material, are required. Key ideas from the required reading must be incorporated.
.
·Observe a group discussing a topic of interest such as a focus .docxbudbarber38650
·
Observe a group discussing a topic of interest such as a focus group, a community public assembly, a department meeting at your workplace, or local support group
·
Study how the group members interact and impact one another
·
Analyze how the group behaviors and communication patterns influence social facilitation
·
Integrate your findings with evidence-based literature from journal articles, textbook, and additional scholarly sources
Purpose:
To provide you with an opportunity to experience a group setting and analyze how the presence of others substantially influences the behaviors of its members through social facilitation.
Process:
You will participate as a guest at an interest group meeting in your community to gather data for a qualitative research paper. Once you have located an interest group, contact stakeholders and explain the purpose of your inquiry. After you receive permission to participate, you will schedule a date to attend the meeting; at which time you will observe the members and document the following for your analysis:
Part I
·
How were the people arranged in the physical environment (layout of room and seating arrangement)?
·
What is the composition of the group, in terms of number of people, ages, sex, ethnicity, etc.?
·
What are the group purpose, mission, and goals?
·
What is the duration of the group (short, long-term)? Explain.
·
Did the group structure its discussion around an agenda, program, rules of order, etc.?
·
Describe the structure of the group. How is the group organized?
·
Who are the primary facilitators of the group?
·
What subject or issues did the group members examine during the meeting?
·
What types of information did members exchange in their group?
·
What were the group's norms, roles, status hierarchy, or communication patterns?
·
What communication patterns illustrated if the group was unified or fragmented? Explain.
·
Did the members share a sense of identity with one another (characteristics of the group-similarities, interests, philosophy, etc.)?
·
Was there any indication that members might be vulnerable to Groupthink? Why or why not?
·
In your opinion, how did the collective group behaviors influence individual attitudes and the group's effectiveness? Provide your overall analysis.
Part II
Write a 1,200- to 1,500-word paper incorporating your analysis with evidence to substantiate your conclusion.
Explain how your observations relate to research studies on norm formation, group norms, conformity, and/or social influence.
Integrate your findings with literature from the textbook, peer-reviewed journal articles, and additional scholarly sources. Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines.
.
·Identify any program constraints, such as financial resources, .docxbudbarber38650
·
Identify any program constraints, such as financial resources, human capital, and local culture.
·
Analyze the relationships between the policy developers and the policy implementers for the selected program.
Topic is Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) program. 380 words, APA format.
.
·Double-spaced·12-15 pages each chapterThe followi.docxbudbarber38650
·
Double-spaced
·
12-15 pages each chapter
The following is my layout for thesis:
CHAPTER 5
·
Brazil’s current outcomes in government, Financial, environmental, and community aspects.
1.
Variation in Government economic politics
2.
Yearly Financial growth
3.
Environmental risk factors
4.
Changes in community aspects
CHAPTER 6
·
Predictions of Market progression, Industrial variations, and government changes between 2007 to 2017
1.
Predictions for Industrial progression
a)
Financial variations and deviations
b)
Funding distribution for new technologies research and development
2.
Prediction for Brazil’s political outlook
a)
New economic laws and tax exemptions
b)
Changes in Political parties
3.
Predictions for deviations and variations in Brazil’s Market
a)
International growth
b)
Domestic growth
.
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...indexPub
The recent surge in pro-Palestine student activism has prompted significant responses from universities, ranging from negotiations and divestment commitments to increased transparency about investments in companies supporting the war on Gaza. This activism has led to the cessation of student encampments but also highlighted the substantial sacrifices made by students, including academic disruptions and personal risks. The primary drivers of these protests are poor university administration, lack of transparency, and inadequate communication between officials and students. This study examines the profound emotional, psychological, and professional impacts on students engaged in pro-Palestine protests, focusing on Generation Z's (Gen-Z) activism dynamics. This paper explores the significant sacrifices made by these students and even the professors supporting the pro-Palestine movement, with a focus on recent global movements. Through an in-depth analysis of printed and electronic media, the study examines the impacts of these sacrifices on the academic and personal lives of those involved. The paper highlights examples from various universities, demonstrating student activism's long-term and short-term effects, including disciplinary actions, social backlash, and career implications. The researchers also explore the broader implications of student sacrifices. The findings reveal that these sacrifices are driven by a profound commitment to justice and human rights, and are influenced by the increasing availability of information, peer interactions, and personal convictions. The study also discusses the broader implications of this activism, comparing it to historical precedents and assessing its potential to influence policy and public opinion. The emotional and psychological toll on student activists is significant, but their sense of purpose and community support mitigates some of these challenges. However, the researchers call for acknowledging the broader Impact of these sacrifices on the future global movement of FreePalestine.
How to Setup Default Value for a Field in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, we can set a default value for a field during the creation of a record for a model. We have many methods in odoo for setting a default value to the field.
How to Manage Reception Report in Odoo 17Celine George
A business may deal with both sales and purchases occasionally. They buy things from vendors and then sell them to their customers. Such dealings can be confusing at times. Because multiple clients may inquire about the same product at the same time, after purchasing those products, customers must be assigned to them. Odoo has a tool called Reception Report that can be used to complete this assignment. By enabling this, a reception report comes automatically after confirming a receipt, from which we can assign products to orders.
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...TechSoup
Whether you're new to SEO or looking to refine your existing strategies, this webinar will provide you with actionable insights and practical tips to elevate your nonprofit's online presence.
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...EduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher, Director of Education and Skills at the OECD presents at the launch of PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Minds, Creative Schools on 18 June 2024.
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀
تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
Creative Restart 2024: Mike Martin - Finding a way around “no”Taste
Ideas that are good for business and good for the world that we live in, are what I’m passionate about.
Some ideas take a year to make, some take 8 years. I want to share two projects that best illustrate this and why it is never good to stop at “no”.
3. to hardware, software, and data, specifically meaning that each
of these should be present and accessible when the subject (the
user) wants to access or use them.
Bell-LaPadula security model – A computer security model built
around the property of confidentiality and characterized by no-
read-up and no-write-down rules.
Biba security model – An information security model built
around the property of integrity and characterized by no-write-
up and no-read-down rules.
Brewer-Nash security model – A computer security model
defined by controlling read and write access based on conflict
of interest rules.
Clark-Wilson security model – A security model that uses
transactions and a differentiation of constrained data items
(CDI) and unconstrained data items (UDI).
Complete mediation – The principle that protection mechanisms
should cover every access to every object.
Confidentiality – Part of the CIA of security. Refers to the
security principle that states that information should not be
disclosed to unauthorized individuals.
Default deny – The use of an overarching rule that if not
explicitly permitted, permission will be denied.
Diversity of defense – The approach of creating dissimilar
security layers so that an intruder who is able to breach one
layer will be faced with an entirely different set of defenses at
the next layer.
3
Key Terms (2 of 3)
Economy of mechanism
Encapsulation
Fail-safe defaults
Fortress model
Hacking
Host security
5. Implicit deny – A situation that is different than normal for a
specific circumstance.
Integrity – Part of the CIA of security, the security principle
that requires that information is not modified except by
individuals authorized to do so.
Isolation - The concept of separating items so that they cannot
interfere with each other.
Layered security – The arrangement of multiple layers of
defense, a form of defense in depth.
Least common mechanism – The principle where protection
mechanisms should be shared to the least degree possible among
users.
Least privilege – A security principle in which a user is
provided with the minimum set of rights and privileges that he
or she needs to perform required functions. The goal is to limit
the potential damage that any user can cause.
Low-Water-Mark policy – An integrity-based information
security model derived from the Bell–LaPadula model.
Network security – Protection of multiple computers and other
devices that connect together. An emphasis is placed on
controlling access to internal computers from external entities.
Nonrepudiation – The ability to verify that an operation has
been performed by a particular person or account. This is a
system property that prevents the parties to a transaction from
subsequently denying involvement in the transaction.
Open design – The principle that protection mechanisms should
not depend upon secrecy of design for security.
Operational model of computer security – Structuring activities
into prevention, detection, and response.
4
Key Terms (3 of 3)
Phreaking
Psychological acceptability
Ring policy
Security through obscurity
19. One of the most fundamental principles in security is least
privilege. This concept is applicable to many physical
environments as well as network and host security.
Users may have access to the files on their workstations and a
select set of files on a file server, but no access to critical data
that is held within the database. This rule helps an organization
protect its most sensitive resources and helps ensure that
whoever is interacting with these resources has a valid reason to
do so.
The concept of least privilege applies to more network security
issues than just providing users with specific rights and
permissions. When trust relationships are created, they should
not be implemented in such a way that everyone trusts each
other simply because it is easier. One domain should trust
another for very specific reasons, and the implementers should
have a full understanding of what the trust relationship allows
between two domains. If one domain trusts another, do all of the
users automatically become trusted, and can they thus easily
access any and all resources on the other domain? Is this a good
idea? Is there a more secure way of providing the same
functionality? If a trusted relationship is implemented such that
users in one group can access a plotter or printer that is
available in only one domain, it might make sense to simply
purchase another plotter so that other, more valuable or
sensitive resources are not accessible by the entire group.
Another issue that falls under the least privilege concept is the
security context in which an application runs. All applications,
scripts, and batch files run in the security context of a specific
user on an operating system. They execute with specific
permissions as if they were a user. The application may be
Microsoft Word and run in the space of a regular user, or it may
be a diagnostic program that needs access to more sensitive
system files and so must run under an administrative user
33. The U.S. military encouraged the development of the Bell-
LaPadula security model to address data confidentiality in
computer operating systems. This model is especially useful in
designing multilevel security systems that implement the
military’s hierarchical security scheme, which includes levels of
classification such as Unclassified, Confidential, Secret, and
Top Secret. Similar classification schemes can be used in
industry, where classifications might include Publicly
Releasable, Proprietary, and Company Confidential.
Two basic security principles.
The first of these principles is called the Simple Security Rule,
which states that no subject (such as a user or a program) can
read information from an object (such as a file) with a security
classification higher than that possessed by the subject itself.
This means that the system must prevent a user with only a
Secret clearance, for example, from reading a document labeled
Top Secret. This rule is often referred to as the “no-readup”
rule.
The second security principle enforced by the Bell-LaPadula
security model is known as the *-property (pronounced “star
property”). This principle states that a subject can write to an
object only if the target’s security classification is greater than
or equal to the object’s security classification. This means that
a user with a Secret clearance can write to a file with a Secret
or Top Secret classification but cannot write to a file with only
an Unclassified classification. This at first may appear to be a
bit confusing, since this principle allows users to write to files
that they are not allowed to view, thus enabling them to actually
destroy files that they don’t have the classification to see. This
is true, but keep in mind that the Bell-LaPadula model is
designed to enforce confidentiality, not integrity. Writing to a
file that you don’t have the clearance to view is not considered
a confidentiality issue; it is an integrity issue.
36. level of “trust” that can be placed in information at the different
levels. Integrity levels differ from security levels in another
way—they limit the modification of information as opposed to
the flow of information.
An initial attempt at implementing an integrity-based model was
captured in what is referred to as the Low-water-mark policy.
This policy in many ways is the opposite of the *-property in
that it prevents subjects from writing to objects of a higher
integrity level. The policy also contains a second rule that states
the
integrity level of a subject will be lowered if it reads an object
of a lower integrity level. The reason for this is that if the
subject then uses data from that object, the highest the integrity
level can be for a new object created from it is the same level of
integrity of the original object. In other words, the level of trust
you can place in data formed from data at a specific integrity
level cannot be higher than the level of trust you have in the
subject creating the new data object, and the level of trust you
have in the subject can only be as high as the level of trust you
had in the original data. The final rule contained in the Low-
Water-Mark policy states that a subject can execute a program
only if the program’s integrity level is equal to or less than the
integrity level of the subject. This ensures that data modified by
a program only has the level of trust (integrity level) that can be
placed in the individual who executed the program.
While the Low-Water-Mark policy certainly prevents
unauthorized modification of data, it has the unfortunate side
effect of eventually lowering the integrity levels of all subjects
to the lowest level on the system (unless the subject always
views files with the same level of integrity). This is because of
the second rule, which lowers the integrity level of the subject
after accessing an object of a lower integrity level. There is no
way specified in the policy to ever raise the subject’s integrity
level back to its original value. A second policy, known as the
47. Citibank’s cash management system.
This system allowed clients to initiate their own fund transfers
to other banks.
Kevin Mitnick (February 1995)
Kevin Mitnick’s computer activities occurred over a number of
years during the 1980s and 1990s.
Arrested in 1995, he eventually pled guilty to four counts of
wire fraud, two counts of computer fraud, and one count of
illegally intercepting a wire communication and was sentenced
to 46 months in jail.
In the plea agreement, Mitnick admitted to having gained
unauthorized access to a number of different computer systems
belonging to companies such as Motorola, Novell, Fujitsu, and
Sun Microsystems.
He described using a number of different “tools” and
techniques, including social engineering, sniffers, and cloned
cellular telephones.
Worcester Airport and “Jester” (March 1997)
In March of 1997, telephone services to the FAA control tower
as well as the emergency services at the Worcester Airport and
the community of Rutland, Massachusetts, were cut off for a
period of six hours.
This disruption occurred as a result of an attack on the phone
network by a teenage computer “hacker” who went by the name
“Jester.”
The Melissa Virus (March 1999)
Melissa is the best known of the early macro-type viruses that
attach themselves to documents for programs that have limited
macro programming capability.
The virus, written and released by David Smith, infected about
a million computers and caused an estimated $80 million in
damages.
The Love Letter Virus (May 2000)
Also known as the “ILOVEYOU” worm and the “Love Bug,”
the Love Letter virus was written and released by a Philippine
student named Onel de Guzman.
49. running Microsoft SQL Server or SQL Server Desktop Engine.
Like the vulnerability in Code Red, this weakness was not new
and, in fact, had been discovered and a patch released in July of
2002.
Within the first 24 hours of Slammer’s release, the worm had
infected at least 120,000 hosts and caused network outages and
the disruption of airline flights, elections, and ATMs.
At its peak, Slammer infected hosts were generating a reported
1TB of worm-related traffic every second.
The worm doubled its number of infected hosts every 8 seconds.
It is estimated that it took less than 10 minutes to reach global
proportions and infect 90 percent of the possible hosts it could
infect.
Cyberwar? (2007)
In May of 2007, the country of Estonia was crippled by a
massive denial-of-service (DoS) cyberattack against all of its
infrastructure, firms (banks), and government offices.
This attack was traced to IP addresses in Russia, but was never
clearly attributed to a government-sanctioned effort.
Operation Bot Roast (2007)
In 2007, the FBI announced that it had conducted Operation Bot
Roast, identifying over 1 million botnet crime victims.
In the process of dismantling the botnets, the FBI arrested
several botnet operators across the United States.Although
seemingly a big success, this effort made only a small dent in
the vast volume of botnets in operation.
Conficker (2008-2009)
In late 2008 and early 2009, security experts became alarmed
when it was discovered that millions of systems attached to the
Internet were infected with the Downadup worm.
Also known as Conficker, the worm was believed to have
originated in Ukraine.
Infected systems were not initially damaged beyond having their
antivirus solution updates blocked.
What alarmed experts was the fact that infected systems could
be used in a secondary attack on other systems or networks.
50. Each of these infected systems was part of what is known as a
bot network (or botnet) and could be used to cause a DoS attack
on a target or be used for the forwarding of spam e-mail to
millions of users.
U.S. Electric Power Grid (2009)
In April 2009, Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano
told reporters that the United States was aware of attempts by
both Russia and China to break into the U.S. electric power
grid, map it out, and plant destructive programs that could be
activated at a later date.
She indicated that these attacks were not new and had in fact
been going on for years.
One article in the Kansas City Star, for example, reported that
in 1997 the local power company, Kansas City Power and Light,
encountered perhaps 10,000 attacks for the entire year.
By 2009 the company experienced 30–60 million attacks.
Fiber Cable Cut (2009)
On April 9, 2009, a widespread phone and Internet outage hit
the San Jose area in California.
This outage was not the result of a group of determined hackers
gaining unauthorized access to the computers that operate these
networks, but instead occurred as a result of several intentional
cuts in the physical cables that carry the signals.
The cuts resulted in a loss of all telephone, cell phone, and
Internet service for thousands of users in the San Jose area.
Emergency services such as 911 were also affected, which could
have had severe consequences.
11
The Current Threat Environment (1 of 2)
As time has gone on, more organized elements of cybercrime
have entered the picture along with nation-states.
From 2009 and beyond, the cyber threat landscape became
considerably more dangerous, with new adversaries out to
perform one of two functions:
Deny the use of your computer systems
52. comprise the term provide the key elements: advanced,
persistent, and threat.
Advanced refers to the use of advanced techniques, such as
spear phishing, as a vector into a target.
Persistent refers to the attacker’s goal of establishing a long-
term, hidden position on a system. Many APTs can go on for
years without being noticed.
Threat refers to the other objective: exploitation.
If an adversary invests the resources to achieve an APT attack,
they are doing it for some form of long-term advantage.
APTs are not a specific type of attack, but rather the new means
by which highly resourced adversaries target systems.
GhostNet (2009)
In 2009, the Dalai Lama’s office contacted security experts to
determine if it was being bugged.
The investigation revealed it was, and the spy ring that was
discovered was eventually shown to be spying on over 100
countries’ sensitive missions worldwide.
Researchers gave this APT-style spy network the name
GhostNet, and although the effort was traced back to China, full
attribution was never determined.
Operation Aurora (2009)
Operation Aurora was an APT attack first reported by Google,
but also targeting Adobe, Yahoo, Juniper Networks, Rackspace,
Symantec, and several major U.S. financial and industrial firms.
Research analysis pointed to the People’s Liberation Army
(PLA) of China as the sponsor.
The attack ran for most of 2009 and operated on a large scale,
with the groups behind the attack consisting of hundreds of
hackers working together against the victim firms.
Stuxnet, Duqu, and Flame (2009–2012)
Stuxnet, Duqu, and Flame represent examples of state-
sponsored malware.
Stuxnet was a malicious worm designed to infiltrate the Iranian
uranium enrichment program, to modify the equipment and
cause the systems to fail in order to achieve desired results and
53. in some cases even destroy the equipment.
Stuxnet was designed to attack a specific model of Siemens
programmable logic controller (PLC), which was one of the
clues pointing to its objective, the modification of the uranium
centrifuges. Although neither the United States nor Israel has
admitted to participating in the attack, both have been suggested
to have had a role in it.
Duqu (2011) is a piece of malware that appears to be a follow-
on of Stuxnet, and has many of the same targets, but rather than
being destructive in nature, Duqu is designed to steal
information. The malware uses command and control servers
across the globe to collect elements such as keystrokes and
system information from machines and deliver them to unknown
parties.
Flame (2012) is another piece of modular malware that may be a
derivative of Stuxnet. Flame is an information collection threat,
collecting keystrokes, screenshots, and network traffic. It can
record Skype calls and audio signals on a machine. Flame is a
large piece of malware with many specific modules, including a
kill switch and a means of evading antivirus detection.
Because of the open nature of Stuxnet—its source code is
widely available on the Internet—it is impossible to know who
is behind Duqu and Flame. In fact, although Duqu and Flame
were discovered after Stuxnet, there is growing evidence that
they were present before Stuxnet and collected critical
intelligence needed to conduct the later attack.
The real story behind these malware items is that they
demonstrate the power and capability of nation-state malware.
Sony (2011)
The hacker group LulzSec reportedly hacked Sony, stealing
over 70 million user accounts.
The resulting outage lasted 23 days, and cost Sony in excess of
$170 million.
One of the biggest issues related to the attack was Sony’s poor
response, taking more than a week to notify people of the initial
attack, and then communicating poorly with its user base during
54. the recovery period.
Also notable was that although the credit card data was
encrypted on Sony’s servers, the rest of the data stolen was not,
making it easy pickings for the disclosure of information.
Saudi Aramco (Shamoon) (2012)
In August of 2012, 30,000 computers were shut down in
response to a malware attack (named Shamoon) at Saudi
Aramco, an oil firm in Saudi Arabia.
The attack hit three out of four machines in the firm, and the
damage included data wiping of machines and the uploading of
sensitive information to Pastebin.
It took 10 days for the firm to clean up the infection and restart
its business network.
Data Breaches (2013–present)
From the end of 2013 through to the time of this writing, data
breaches have dominated the security landscape.
Target Corporation announced its breach in mid-December,
2013, stating that the hack began as early as “Black Friday”
(November 29) and continued through December 15. Data
thieves captured names, addresses, and debit and credit card
details, including numbers, expiration dates, and CVV codes. In
the end a total of 70 million accounts were exposed.
Following the Target breach, Home Depot suffered a breach of
over 50 million debit and credit card numbers in 2014.
JP Morgan Chase also had a major data breach in 2014,
announcing the loss of 77 million account holders’ information.
Unlike Target and Home Depot, JP Morgan Chase did not lose
account numbers or other crucial data elements. JP Morgan
Chase also mounted a major PR campaign touting its security
program and spending in order to satisfy customers and
regulators of its diligence.
At the end of 2014, Sony Pictures Entertainment announced that
it had been hacked, with a massive release of internal data. At
the time of this writing, hackers have claimed to have stolen as
much as 100 terabytes of
data, including e-mails, financial documents, intellectual
55. property, personal data, HR information…in essence, almost
everything. Additional reports indicate the destruction of data
within Sony; although the extent of the
damage is not known, at least one of the elements of malware
associated with the attack is known for destroying the Master
Boot Record (MBR) of drives. Attribution in the Sony attack is
also tricky, as the U.S. government has accused North Korea,
while other groups have claimed responsibility, and some
investigators claim it was an inside job. It may take years to
determine correct attribution, if it is even possible.
Nation-State Hacking (2013–present)
Nation-states have become a recognized issue in security, from
the Great Firewall of China to modern malware attacks from a
wide range of governments.
In 2014 CrowdStrike reported on 39 different threat actors,
including criminals, hactivists, state-sponsored groups, and
nation-states.
Learning how these adversaries act provides valuable clues to
their detection in the enterprise.
Groups such as China’s Hurricane Panda represent a real
security threat. Hurricane Panda focuses on aerospace firms and
Internet service companies.
Not all threats are from China. Russia is credited with its own
share of malware. Attribution is difficult, and sometimes the
only hints are clues, such as the timelines of command and
control servers for Energetic Bear, an attack on the energy
industry in Europe from the Dragonfly group.
In 2015, data breaches and nation-state hacking hit new highs
with the loss of over 20 million sensitive personnel files from
the computers at the U.S. Office of Personnel Management
(OPM). This OPM loss, reportedly to China, was extremely
damaging in that the data loss consisted of the complete
background investigations on peoples who had submitted
security clearances.
Ukraine Electric Grid and Ransomware
70. patches exist. The reason such malware caused so much damage
in the past was that administrators did not take the appropriate
actions to protect their systems.
The second step an administrator can take is system hardening,
which involves limiting the services that are running on the
system. Only using those services that are absolutely needed
does two things: it limits the possible avenues of attack (those
services with vulnerabilities that can be exploited), and it
reduces the number of services the administrator has to worry
about patching in the first place. This is one of the important
first steps any administrator should take to secure a computer
system. System hardening is covered in detail in Chapter 14.
While there are no iron-clad defenses against attack, or
guarantees that an attack won’t be successful, you can take
steps to reduce the risk of loss. This is the basis for the change
in strategy from a defense-based one to one based on risk
management. Risk management is covered in detail in Chapter
20.
33
Approaches to Computer Security (1 of 2)
Correctness
Ensuring that a system is fully up to date, with all patches
installed and proper security controls in place; this goes a long
way toward minimizing risk.
Isolation
Protecting a system from unauthorized use, by means of access
control and physical security.
Obfuscation
Making it difficult for an adversary to know when they have
succeeded.
Principles of Computer Security, Fifth Edition