This document outlines the general principles of oral surgery. It discusses the basic purposes of surgery which include eliminating disease, preventing disease, removing dead tissue, and improving function. It then describes the principles of oral surgery such as developing a surgical diagnosis, maintaining aseptic technique, planning incisions and flap design, handling tissues carefully, and controlling edema and infection post-operatively. Finally, it discusses requirements for surgery like adequate visibility, equipment, and an assistant as well as maintaining a sterile surgical field.

1. General principles of surgery
Dr drishya devasia

2. Basic purpose of surgery
• Elimination of disease
• Prevention of disease
• Removal of dead tissue
• Improvement of function

3. Principle of oral surgery
• Developing a surgical diagnosis
• Basic necessities for surgery
• Aseptic techniques
• Incision planning
• Flap design
• Tissue handling
• Hemostasis

4. • Dead space management
• Decontamination and debridement
• Suturing
• Oedema control
• Post op infection control
• Patients general health and nutrition
• Follow up

6. • History taking
• Data
• Chief complaint
• History of presenting illness
• Medical history
• Past dental history
• Family history

7. • Clinical examination
• General examination
• Intra oral examination
• Extra oral examination
• Radiological examination
• Laboratory investigation
• Interpretation and final diagnosis

9. • Main requirement of surgery are:
• Adequate visibility depends on adequate access, adequate light
source, clean surgical field.
• Equipment
• Assistant

11. • Mainitaining a sterile field
• Surgical attire
• Hand washing, surgical scrub, sterile gowning & gloving
• Patients surgical site preparation
• Using sterile drapes
• Using safe operative techniques
• Maintaining a safe environment

13. • Principles for incision :
• Parallel to the structures without damaging vital structures
• Along the langer’s line so scar formation is minimal
• Use a sharp blade of proper size
• Use firm continuous strokes
• Incise perpendicular to the epithelial surface

15. • Principles of flap design:
• Carries it own blood supply
• Allows surgical access to underlying tissues
• Can be maintained with sutures
• Complications:
• Flap necrosis
• Dehiscence
• Tearing
• Injury to local structures

18. • The careful handling of tissue is also necessary for optimal and
uncomplicated healing
• Excessive crushing, pulling, extremes of temperature, desiccation and
harsh chemicals damage tissues and should be avoided.
• Tooth forceps and skin hooks are preferred to forceps that crush the
wound edges

19. • Avoid excessive pulling forces to retract tissue
• Use copious irrigation when drilling or cutting bone
• Protect soft tissue when drilling or cutting

21. • All efforts should be made to minimize blood loss.
• Applying pressure
• Use of heat thermal coagulation
• Suture ligation
• Use of vasoconstrictor

23. • Defined as an area that remains devoid of tissue after wound closure.
• Usually filled with blood and delays healing
• Managed by :
• Suture all tissue planes
• Pressure dressing
• Drain
• Packing

25. • Copious irrigation during and after surgery removes debris and
reduce bacterial count
• Necrotic, foreign bodies should be removed

27. • Maintain hemostasis
• Permit primary intention of healing
• Reduce post op pain
• Prevent bone exposure
• Provide support to tissue margin