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1. SUMMARY OF PPT
UNIT 4-6

2. SUMMARY OF PPT UNIT 4-6
SHARES
LOANS

3. SUMMARY OF PPT UNIT 4-6
DIFFERENT MARKETS FOR STOCKS AND BONDS

4. SUMMARY OF PPT UNIT 4-6
EXAMPLES OF COMPUTATIONS IN THE MARKET OF STOCKS & BONDS
Example 1: Computing DIVEDEND PER SHARE
A certain financial institution declared a ₱ 30,000,000 dividend for the
common
stocks. If there is a total of 700,000 shares of common stocks, how much is the
dividend per share?
Given: Total Dividend = ₱ 30,000,000.00
Total Shares = 700,000
Find: Dividend per share
Solution:
Dividend per share = Total Dividend/Total Shares= 30,000,000/700,000= 42. 86
Therefore, the dividend per share is ₱ 42.86

5. SUMMARY OF PPT UNIT 4-6
EXAMPLES OF COMPUTATIONS IN THE MARKET OF STOCKS & BONDS
Example 2: Computing DIVEDEND PER SHARE
2.A financial institution declares a dividend of
₱ 75,000,000.00 for its common
stock. Suppose there are 900,000 shares of
common stock, how much is the
dividend per share?

6. SUMMARY OF PPT UNIT 4-6
COMMPUTING MARKET PRICE,TOTAL COST OF STOCK & COMMISSION
Example 1. Hazel bought 500 shares of MNQ Stock at ₱ 380.00 per share. The broker charged
her ₱700.00 commission.
Formula: MP= # of Shares x # per Share
A) What is the market price computed from the given problem?
B) How much is the total cost of the stock?
Formula: the total cost of the stock ( TS) = MP + C
How much commission will Rose receive if she sells a cellphone and paid a straight
commission of 7% on her sales if in March her sales amounted to ₱ 90,000.00?
Formula: C= Total Shares x % of Commission

7. SUMMARY OF PPT UNIT 4-6
COMMPUTING MARKET PRICE,TOTAL COST OF STOCK & COMMISSION
Example 2. Joe bought 80 shares of LPG Stock at ₱ 120.00 per share. The broker charged him
₱300.00 commission.
Formula: MP= # of Shares x # per Share
A) What is the market price computed from the given problem?
B) How much is the total cost of the stock?
Formula: the total cost of the stock ( TS) = MP + C
How much commission will Arianne receive if she sells a cake and paid a straight commission
of 15% on her sales if in June her sales amounted to ₱ 150 ,000.00?
Formula: C= Total Shares x % of Commission

8. THEORY OF EFFICIENT
MARKET

9. THEORY OF EFFICIENT MARKET

10. THEORY OF EFFICIENT MARKET

11. THEORY OF EFFICIENT MARKET

12. THEORY OF EFFICIENT MARKET

13. THEORY OF EFFICIENT MARKET

14. SUMMARY OF PPT UNIT 4-6

15. SUMMARY OF PPT UNIT 4-6

16. CONSUMER & BUSINESS LOAN

17. CONSUMER & BUSINESS LOAN

18. BUSINESS & CONSUMER LOANS

19. CONSUMER & BUSINESS LOAN

21. PROPOSITION

22. PROPOSITION

23. PROPOSITION

24. PROPOSITION

25. Introduction: SIMPLE Sentence or COMPOUND
Sentence?
Identify each statement below as a simple sentence or
compound sentence. Write S if it a simple sentence and C
if it is a compound sentence. If it is a compound sentence,
identify the conjunction used as well.
_________1. Best things in life are free.
_________2. It is not true that a good deed will give a bad
result.
_________3. A happy heart is a medicine, but a sorrowful
spirit weakens the bones. _________4. Gone are days that
people practice apartheid.
_________5. If bullying introduces a not so good background
of the bully, then a psychosocial intervention should be

26. SIMPLE AND COMPOUND PROPOSITIONS
Simple and Compound Propositions Defined
A Simple Proposition is a proposition that cannot be
broken down into more than one proposition.
Compound Proposition is a proposition that is formed by
joining simple propositions using logical connectors. Given
propositions p and/or q, some logical connectors may be
expressed in terms of the following:
@ not p
@ p and q ;p or q
@ If p, then q

27. SIMPLE AND COMPOUND PROPOSITIONS
Example 1 Identify each of these as simple or compound proposition.
a: Grounding is beneficial to a person.
d: There is no stronger than the heart of a volunteer.
p: 3! = 6/2
𝑝1: If an individual is great, then there is a teacher behind.
𝑝2: Either a person saves before spending, or one spends before
saving.
𝑝3: It is not a shame to greet the utility worker the same way as with
the school principal.
𝑝4: If a person is disabled, then he/ she is entitled to obtain a PWD ID,
and if a person is entitled to obtain a PWD ID, then he/ she is disabled

28. COMPOUND PROPOSITIONS

29. LOGICAL
OPERATORS

30. LOGICAL OPERATORS
Logical operators include:
1.negation (~p ) read as “not P”
2. Conjunction (𝑝 ∧ 𝑞) , read as “p and q”
P & Q are TRUE ( connected)
3. disjunction (𝑝 ∨ 𝑞 ), read as “𝑝 𝑜𝑟 𝑞”
Defined as (no consistency ,disconnected)
4. Conditional (P→Q, or an if-then statement) in
which p is a hypothesis and q is a conclusion.
5. Biconditional (y “𝑝 ↔ 𝑞” or “p iff q”) read
as“p if and only f q”

31. PROPOSITION
Example of NEGATION
• Example 1:State the negation of each of the following propositions.
• 𝑛1: Quality determines the price.
ANSWERS:
• > It is not true that quality determines the price. Or
• > ~𝑛1: Quality does not determine the price.—
• >Truth Value is TRUE
@@@Do the others n2----n5:
• 𝑛2: A learned is one who is educated.
• 𝑛3: 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥² is a cubic function.
• 𝑛4: An obtuse angle measures 180°.
• 𝑛5: A curve is the shortest distance between two points.

32. EXAMPLE OF Biconditional
Example1 Biconditional (y “𝑝 ↔ 𝑞” or “p
iff q”) read as“p if and only f q”
Example: 1.“Knowledge of the wide extent of the
qualifications for PWD has yet to be spread if and
only if not only physically handicapped individuals
can be called persons with disabilities.”
@ How do we make its INVERSE?
Ans. If Knowledge of the wide extent of the
qualifications for PWD has not yet to be spread then
only physically handicapped individuals can be
called persons with disabilities.

33. EXAMPLE OF Biconditional
Example2 Biconditional (y “𝑝 ↔ 𝑞” or “p
iff q”) read as“p if and only f q”
Example: 2. A number is a perfect number if and
only if the number is multiplied by itself.
@ How do we make its INVERSE?
Ans.____________________________________
@ What is its Truth Value?
ans. ________________

34. Biconditional-key Answer
Example2 Biconditional (y “𝑝 ↔ 𝑞” or “p
iff q”) read as“p if and only f q”
Example: 2. A number is a perfect number if and
only if the number is multiplied by itself.
@ How do we make its INVERSE?
Ans. If a number is NOT a perfect number THEN the
number is NOT multiplied by itself.
@ What is its Truth Value?
ans. TRUE

35. TAUTOLOGIES
AND FALLACIES

36. TAUTOLOGIES AND FALLACIES
A tautology is a compound statement that is true
for every value of the individual statements.
 The word tautology is derived from a Greek word
where ‘tauto’ means ‘same’ and ‘logy’ means
‘logic’.
 The simple examples of tautology are:
 • Either Mari will buy apples or Mari will not buy
apples.
 • My pet Yummy is healthy or he is not healthy
 • A function is a polynomial function or it is not a
polynomial function.

37. TAUTOLOGIES AND FALLACIES
Finding the truth values of
propositions will give you the idea if it
is a tautology or a fallacy’
. 1. a statement is always true (TAUTOLOGY) or
2. always false (FALLACY)

38. TAUTOLOGIES AND FALLACIES
Activity 1:
Determine whether the given statements are always true or just a
mistaken belief (false statement). Write T if the statement is always
true or MB if it is a mistaken belief.
1. Today is Monday or today is not Monday.
2. Either Nicco is smart, or he is not smart.
3. If you buy a book then you will read it daily.
4. Assuming that If I plant cactus, then I will get my hands dirty. Since I
didn’t get my hands dirty, therefore I didn’t plant a cactus.
5. If I will study my lessons every day then I will have a passing grade.
But, I study my lessons every day then I will have a passing grade.
6. I love you or I don’t love you.
7. Since I like you, then you will like me too.
9. I can comprehend the writings that I read or I cannot comprehend
the writings that I read.

39. TAUTOLOGIES AND FALLACIES
Activity 2: Explain whether the given
statement is true or false.
1.If I study hard, then I will get an academic
award but I will study hard. Therefore, I will
get an academic award.
2. Blessy loves both swimming and running,
but she loves neither swimming nor running

40. VALIDITY OF
CATEGORICAL
SYLLOGISMS

41. VALIDITY OF CATEGORICAL
SYLLOGISMS
A syllogism is a deductive argument in which
a conclusion is inferred from two premises.
>A categorical syllogism is an argument
consisting of exactly three categorical
propositions (two premises and a conclusion)
in which there appears a total of exactly three
categorical terms, each of which is used
exactly twice.

42. VALIDITY OF CATEGORICAL
SYLLOGISMS
Terms of the Categorical Syllogism
1. Major term is the predicate of the
conclusion.
2. Minor term is the subject term of the
conclusion.
3. Middle term is the term that appears in
both premises but not in the conclusion.
Parts of the Categorical Syllogism
1.Major premise- contains the major term.
2. Minor premise- contains the minor term.

43. VALIDITY OF CATEGORICAL SYLLOGISMS
EXAMPLE: Determine the mood of the categorical syllogism:
Some creative thinkers are SHS students. All SHS students
are honest. Therefore, some creative thinkers are honest
MAJOR PRMISE
MINOR PREM

44. VALIDITY OF CATEGORICAL SYLLOGISMS
ACTIVITY:
1.All educational games should be encouraged.
Not all games are educational games.
Therefore, _________________________
2. All leaders are good communicators.
All good communicator people are creative.
Therefore,___________________________________.
3. All good students show love for country.
Some students who show love for country are respectful.
Therefore, _______________________________________

45. VALIDITY OF CATEGORICAL SYLLOGISMS
ACTIVITY:
1.All educational games should be encouraged.
Not all games are educational games.
Therefore, not all games should be encouraged.
2. All leaders are good communicators.
All good communicator people are creative.
Therefore, all creative people are good communicators.
3. All good students show love for country.
Some students who show love for country are respectful.
Therefore, some respectful students show love for country.
KEY ANSWER

46. ARGUMENT
VALID
ARGUMENTS
AND FALLACIES

47. ARGUMENT
An argument is a set of propositions
formed by premises supporting the
conclusion.
It can be written in the propositional
form (𝑝1 ∧ 𝑝2 ∧ … ∧ 𝑝𝑛) → 𝑞 or in
standard form: 𝑝1 𝑝2 ⋮ 𝑝𝑛 ∴ 𝑞 𝑝1, 𝑝2, …
, 𝑝𝑛 are the premises of the
argument, while q is the conclusion

48. VALIDITY OF CATEGORICAL
SYLLOGISMS
Example of TRUE ARGUMENT:
P1: If it rains , then farmers can plow the field.
P2: It rains.
Q: Therefore, the farmer can plow the field .
OTHER Examples:
1. p1:If you love your parents then honor them
p2: You made did not follow their pieces of advice.
Q: Therefore,___________________________________