HIV originated in non-human primates in Africa and was transferred to humans in the late 19th/early 20th century. It attacks CD4+ T cells and can be spread through bodily fluids. There are two main types, HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV is not spread through air, water, insects, or casual contact. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is the later stage of HIV when the immune system is severely damaged. Sub-Saharan Africa has been most heavily affected, with 68% of global cases. Women and children in Africa are especially vulnerable victims due to gender inequality, violence, lack of inheritance/property rights, and inability to negotiate condom use or number of partners
Marama Pala NgÄtiawa ki Kapiti, Kaiwhakahaere/Executive Director (INA), an HIV positive MÄori woman, plans to promote the visibility of Indigenous Peopleâs HIV and AIDS issues; to increase the support from local, regional and international Indigenous people.
âHistory shows us that HIV is not openly discussed at Indigenous conferences. Itâs an issue that gets left off the agenda.â says Marama Pala, âEven though Indigenous Peoples experience high rates of HIV and AIDS, it needs to be made visible at all Indigenous conferences and gatherings. Itâs time that all Indigenous peoples became aware that we are a marginalised community vulnerable to HIVâ
Indigenous people globally continue to under represented in HIV prevention, research, policy and funding initiatives, and this contributes to ongoing HIV disparities and resource allocation. The stigma within Indigenous communities further marginalises this health issue, making it difficult to discuss.
âI hope am able to stress the importance of HIV, speaking openly about HIV and facing the stigma of HIV with my Indigenous and aboriginal brothers and sistersâ urges Marama. âSilence No More...for the sake of my HIV negative children; we need to eliminate stigma and discrimination and make our people safe.â
HIV/AIDS among Persons aged 50 years and older
United States Population Boom
HIV/AIDS Risk Factors for Persons aged 50 years and older
Age-related Disparities in HIV/AIDS Prevention Barriers for Older Persons
Major Efforts to Address HIV/AIDS among Older Persons
Next Steps
Marama Pala NgÄtiawa ki Kapiti, Kaiwhakahaere/Executive Director (INA), an HIV positive MÄori woman, plans to promote the visibility of Indigenous Peopleâs HIV and AIDS issues; to increase the support from local, regional and international Indigenous people.
âHistory shows us that HIV is not openly discussed at Indigenous conferences. Itâs an issue that gets left off the agenda.â says Marama Pala, âEven though Indigenous Peoples experience high rates of HIV and AIDS, it needs to be made visible at all Indigenous conferences and gatherings. Itâs time that all Indigenous peoples became aware that we are a marginalised community vulnerable to HIVâ
Indigenous people globally continue to under represented in HIV prevention, research, policy and funding initiatives, and this contributes to ongoing HIV disparities and resource allocation. The stigma within Indigenous communities further marginalises this health issue, making it difficult to discuss.
âI hope am able to stress the importance of HIV, speaking openly about HIV and facing the stigma of HIV with my Indigenous and aboriginal brothers and sistersâ urges Marama. âSilence No More...for the sake of my HIV negative children; we need to eliminate stigma and discrimination and make our people safe.â
HIV/AIDS among Persons aged 50 years and older
United States Population Boom
HIV/AIDS Risk Factors for Persons aged 50 years and older
Age-related Disparities in HIV/AIDS Prevention Barriers for Older Persons
Major Efforts to Address HIV/AIDS among Older Persons
Next Steps
The National HIV Prevention Inventory provides the first, comprehensive inventory of HIV prevention efforts at the state and local levels in the United States. Based on a survey of 65 health departments, including all state and territorial jurisdictions and six U.S. cities, the Inventory is intended to offer a baseline picture of how HIV prevention is delivered across the country in an effort to provide policymakers, public health officials, community organizations, and others with a more in depth understanding of HIV prevention and the role played by health departments in its delivery.
Ziqitza Healthcare Limited, as an Emergency Service Provider, we are at the forefront with the various state government and corporates to ensure that our services which are so critical are not hampered at all.
The National HIV Prevention Inventory provides the first, comprehensive inventory of HIV prevention efforts at the state and local levels in the United States. Based on a survey of 65 health departments, including all state and territorial jurisdictions and six U.S. cities, the Inventory is intended to offer a baseline picture of how HIV prevention is delivered across the country in an effort to provide policymakers, public health officials, community organizations, and others with a more in depth understanding of HIV prevention and the role played by health departments in its delivery.
Ziqitza Healthcare Limited, as an Emergency Service Provider, we are at the forefront with the various state government and corporates to ensure that our services which are so critical are not hampered at all.
What role do birds play in the transmission of the West Nile virus W.pdfformicreation
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What role do birds play in the transmission of the West Nile virus? What insect is the vector?
How is hepatitis B transmitted, and which occupational group is at greatest risk of contracting
this infection? How do forms A, C, D, and E compare with hepatitis B? How is HIV
transmitted? How are HIV/AIDS currently treated, and how effective is the treatment? In what
areas of the world does the HIV/AIDS epidemic seem virtually unchecked? In terms of STD
prevention, how can sexual practices be made safer? Why are women more often asymptomatic
for STDs than men?
Solution
What role do birds play in the transmission of the west nile virus ?which insect is the vector?
Birds are the reservoir hosts of WNV. the virus is highly pathogenic for bird. Members of the
crow family (Corvidae) are particularly susceptible, but virus has been detected in dead and
dying birds. Birds can be infected by a variety of routes other than mosquito bites, and different
species may have different potential for maintaining the transmission cycle. Mosquito is the
vector .
How is Hepatitis B Transmitted? and which occupational group is at higher risk?how do other
forms compare with hepatitis b?
Hepatitis B is a viral infection that attacks the liver and can cause both acute and chronic
disease.The virus is transmitted through contact with the blood or other body fluids of an
infected person.Hepatitis B is an important occupational hazard for health workers.
There are 5 main hepatitis viruses, referred to as types A, B, C, D and E. These 5 types are of
greatest concern because of the burden of illness and death they cause and the potential for
outbreaks and epidemic spread. In particular, types B and C lead to chronic disease in hundreds
of millions of people and, together, are the most common cause of liver cirrhosis and cancer.
Hepatitis A and E are typically caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water. Hepatitis B,
C and D usually occur as a result of parenteral contact with infected body fluids. Common
modes of transmission for these viruses include receipt of contaminated blood or blood products,
invasive medical procedures using contaminated equipment and for hepatitis B transmission
from mother to baby at birth, from family member to child, and also by sexual contact.
How is HIV transmitted? how HIV/AIDS currently treated? and how effective is the treatment?
in what areas of the world does the HIV/AIDS epidemic seem virtually unchecked? In terms of
STD prevention, how can sexual practices be made safer?
Why are women more often asymptomatic for STDs than men ?
Women are vulnerable to STDs for social and economic reasons. Compared to men, women
generally have low status, education, income and power. Social and economic dependency may
limit a womanâs ability to refuse unsafe sex or negotiate safer sex. She may also find it difficult
to obtain information about disease prevention, or to seek and receive health care. Women
striving to survive economically also may be d.
Sexually transmitted diseases are escalating nowadays when more people have started entering into multiple sexual relationships. They might not consider this ethically wrong but the fact remains that such people are more prone to sexual diseases. However, if unfortunately, one gets infected by any such disease, it is better to start treatment as soon as possible because these diseases have the potential to ruin your entire life. People often are embarrassed and scared to disclose their problem to others even to their friends but they fail to realize that delaying diagnose is compromising with their life. Thus, as soon as you fear a sexually transmitted infection (STI), approach a doctor.
Sexually transmitted diseases are escalating nowadays when more people have started entering into multiple sexual relationships. They might not consider this ethically wrong but the fact remains that such people are more prone to sexual diseases. However, if unfortunately, one gets infected by any such disease, it is better to start treatment as soon as possible as these diseases have the potential to ruin your entire life. People often are embarrassed and scared to disclose their problem to others even to their friends but they fail to realize that delaying diagnose is compromising with their life. Thus, as soon as you fear a sexually transmitted infection (STI), approach a doctor.
This presentation talks on various information about HIV & AIDS from the basic stuff to detailed information as well as a video to show how the regular medicines given to patients help reduce the time of them dying faster hence summarizing the entire presentation.
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2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
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http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasnât one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
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In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
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An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
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This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
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In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
12. How is HIV spread? Unprotected sex Having multiple sex partners or the presence of other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) can increase the risk of infection during sex. Unprotected oral sex can also be a risk for HIV transmission, but it is a much lower risk than anal or vaginal sex. Sharing needles, syringes, rinse water, or other equipment used to prepare illicit drugs for injection. Being born to an infected motherâHIV can be passed from mother to child during pregnancy, birth, or breast-feeding
13. HIV is not spread through: HIV cannot reproduce outside the human body. It is not spread by: Air or water. Insects, including mosquitoes. Studies conducted by CDC researchers and others have shown no evidence of HIV transmission from insects. Saliva, tears, or sweat. There is no documented case of HIV being transmitted by spitting. Casual contact like shaking hands or sharing dishes. Closed-mouth or âsocialâ kissing.
22. Overall HIV Trends In 2007, UNAIDS reported that 22.5 million people in sub-Saharan Africa were living with HIV/AIDS. Represents 68% of the total 33.2 million of AIDS/HIV cases worldwide.  Nearly 61 percent of HIV infections in this region occur in women, a higher percentage than any part of the world.
23. Overall HIV Trends HIV prevalence rate rose a bit in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Five countries in this region (Armenia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan) In 2009, over two-thirds of AIDS death were in this region. In Mozambique, there are 500,000 AIDS orphans.
24. Overall HIV Trends  In 2010, the number of children orphaned by AIDS almost doubled worldwide to 25 million, if trends continue, according to a 2002 report from agencies including UNICEF, an estimated 20 million of them will be in hardest-hit Africa. Southern Africa has the highest HIV prevalence rates in the world Nigeria has the second largest HIV disease burden in theworld due to its large population.
25. HIV and AIDS Indicators in Selected World Regions
27. HIV and AIDS Effects Cause the destruction of labor force in different countries. Destruction of households and families A common source of stigma and discrimination in Africa and Southeast Asian Countries like Thailand.
28. Thailand Denial is part of a slowly crumbling wall of fear and discrimination as AIDS becomes more and more prevalent in Thai society. In 1997 up to the present, Thai people are frightened and often reject people with AIDS and HIV.
29. Discrimination and Stigma in Thaiâs Society early emphasis on "risk groups" -- marginalized people such as homosexuals, prostitutes and drug users -- rather than risk behavior, coupled with a belief that casual contact could cause transmission of the disease, further stigmatized AIDS patients  Physicians and nurses have been known to refuse to treat infected people, and those infected have lost their jobs
30. Discrimination and Stigma in Thaiâs and Other Societies Children whose parents have HIV or AIDS have been expelled from school Abandonment by family relatives and by the government even after death  In many countries women are less likely to be able to negotiate condom use and are more likely to be subjected to non-consensual sex
31. Discrimination and Stigma in Thaiâs and Other Societies In Carribean, there is the so called âcommercial sexâ In Africa, the men are allowed to have polygamous relationships.
33. Inequality within the Family In some societies, women have few rights within sexual relationships and the family. Often men make the majority of decisions, such as whom they will marry and whether they will have more than one sexual partner. This power imbalance means that it can be more difficult for women to protect themselves from getting infected with HIV. For example, a woman may not be able to insist on the use of a condom if her husband is the one who makes the decisions. Marriage does not always protect a woman from becoming infected with HIV. Many new infections occur within marriage or long-term relationships as a result of unfaithful partners. In a number of societies, a man having more than one sexual partner is seen as the norm.
34. Violence against Women Women who are victims of sexual violence are at a higher risk of being exposed to HIV, and the lack of condom use and forced nature of rape means that women are immediately more vulnerable to HIV infection. A South African study concluded that women who were beaten or dominated by their partners were much more likely to become infected with HIV than women who were not.34 Another study of 20,425 couples in India found not only that HIV transmission was much greater in abusive relationships, but also that abusive husbands were more likely to be infected with HIV than non-abusive husbands.
35. Womenâs inheritance and property rights The denial of a womanâs inheritance and property rights can increase her vulnerability to HIV. Not being able to own property means that women have limited economic stability. This can lead to an increased risk of sexual exploitation and violence, as women may have to endure abusive relationships or resort to informal sex work for economic survival
36. Prevention and âCureâ for HIV/AIDS The female condom is the only female-initiated HIV prevention method presently available. These condoms can potentially help women to protect themselves from becoming infected with HIV if used correctly and consistently. However, although the female condom allows partners to share the responsibility of condom use, it still requires some degree of male cooperation.