The document discusses creative methods for developing usable software. It provides an overview of an event hosted by itemis AG on creative methods for software development. It defines creativity and discusses how iterative exploration and teamwork can promote creativity in software development. Specific creative techniques like affinity diagramming and paper prototyping are presented. The goal is to show how creativity can be applied systematically and learnably to software engineering processes.

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© itemis AG
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Vortragsreihe Dortmund
„Gemeinsam kreativ für bessere Software“
Florian Geyer
Usability Engineer
19.03.2013

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Übersicht
Die itemis AG stellt sich vor
 Gründung im Jahr 2003
 Mehr als 160 Mitarbeiter
 Stammsitz in Lünen bei Dortmund
 Niederlassungen in Deutschland,
Frankreich und der Schweiz
 Strategisches Mitglied der
Eclipse Foundation
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© itemis AG
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Übersicht
Die itemis AG stellt sich vor
 Intensive Verzahnung mit Forschungseinrichtungen
 Spezialist für modellbasierte, generative
Entwicklungsverfahren
 Geschäftsbereiche
 Enterprise Application Development
 Embedded Software Development
 Usability Engineering
 Agiles Projektmanagement
 Mobile Strategieberatung
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© itemis AG
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Spezifikationen,
für alle verständlich!
Spezifikationen,
schnell und einfach!
Spezifizieren Sie komplexe Applikationen in kürzester Zeit und behalten Sie die Auswirkungen und Risiken von
Anforderungsänderungen durch den gesamten Entwicklungsprozess im Blick.
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© itemis AG
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http://www.yakindu.de/requirements/
Spezifikationen,
fehlerfrei!

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© itemis AG
Kunden
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Kontakt:
André Ufer
andre.ufer@itemis.de
0231 9860 263
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© itemis AG
itemis AG | Am Brambusch 15-24 | D-44536 Lünen | www.itemis.de
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© itemis AG
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Gemeinsam kreativ für bessere Software
Kreative Methoden für die Entwicklung gebrauchstauglicher Software
Vortragsreihe Dortmund, 19.03.2013

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Vorschau
 Software und Kreativität!?
 Kreativität: Versuch einer Definition
 Softwareentwicklung: Iteration und Exploration
 Teamarbeit: Wissen effektiv kombinieren
 Methoden
 Beispiel: Affinity Diagramming
 Beispiel: Paper Prototyping
 Ausblick
 Werkzeuge und kreative Umgebungen
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© itemis AG
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© itemis AG
Kreativität
Versuch einer Definition
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© itemis AG
Das kreative Produkt
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© itemis AG
Die kreative Person
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Gold, 2007

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Der kreative Prozess
Explorativer Ablauf
• Lösungsorientiert
• Divergenz & Konvergenz
• „Reflective Practice“
Teamarbeit
• Spontanität & Offenheit
• Neugier und Mut
Methoden
• Situationsabhängig
• Informal, Flexibel
• Erlernbar!
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© itemis AG
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© itemis AG
Softwareentwicklungsprozess
Iteration und Exploration
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© itemis AG
Kreativität als Prozess
Ist kein analytischer
Prozess
Akzeptiert, dass Probleme
nicht genau spezifiziert
werden können
Lösungsorientiert
Interdisziplinäres
Teamwork
Informal & „chaotisch“,
„Spielerei“
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Softwareentwicklung
Strukturierter, analytischer
Prozess
Spezifikation ist notwendig
für Projektplanung
Problemorientiert,
Anforderungsmanagement
Koordination
verschiedener Rollen
Formal und gut
dokumentiert

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© itemis AG
Abstraktes Prozessmodell
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Buxton, 2007

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© itemis AG
Wasserfall Modell
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© itemis AG
Erweitertes Wasserfallmodell (Iterationen)
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Royce, 1970

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© itemis AG
Agile Softwareentwicklung (z.B. Scrum)
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Wikipedia

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© itemis AG
Usability Engineering: Explorative Anforderungsanalyse
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DIN EN ISO 9241-210, 2010

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Iteration & Exploration
Iteration:
Inkrementelle Verfeinerung
Kleine Korrekturen
Exploration:
Alternativen entwickeln
Entscheidungen verwerfen
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© itemis AG
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Buxton, 2007

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© itemis AG
Evolution des Softwareentwicklungsprozesses
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Buxton, 2007

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© itemis AG
Teamarbeit
Wissen effektiv kombinieren
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Stakeholder im Entwicklungsprozess
Entwickler
(Interaktions-)Designer
Produktmanager
Requirements Engineers
Usability Engineers
Sales
Management
...
Benutzer!?
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© itemis AG
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© itemis AG
Potential
Gruppenarbeit
Mehr Wissen, mehr Ideen?
24
Warr, 2007

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© itemis AG
Potential
Gruppenarbeit
Mehr Wissen, mehr Ideen?
25
Warr, 2007

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Kreativitätsblocker
Gegenseitige Blockierung
Bewertungsangst
(z.B. Experte vs. Laie)
Starke Persönlichkeiten
Soziales Faulenzen
(Trittbrettfahrer)
Frühe Fixierung
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© itemis AG
26

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Kreativitätsblocker:
Maßnahmen
Moderation der
Kreativarbeit
Gestaltung von Verhaltens-regeln
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© itemis AG
und Methoden
Verwendung geeigneter
Materialien
Gestaltung der
Arbeitsbereiche und
Umgebung
27

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© itemis AG
Methoden
Kreativitätstechniken gezielt einsetzen
28

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Methoden - Übersicht
Concept Maps
Denkhüte
Galeriemethode
Zukunfts-Werkstatt
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© itemis AG
29
Affinity Diagramming
Paper Prototyping
Card Sorting
Brainsketching
KJ Methode
Methode 635
Brainwriting
Mind Mapping
Collective Notebook
Metaplan

30. ●
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Methoden - Übersicht
Concept Maps
Denkhüte
Galleriemethode
Zukunfts-Werkstatt
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© itemis AG
30
Affinity Diagramming
Paper Prototyping
Card Sorting
Brainsketching
KJ Methode
Methode 635
Brainwriting
Mind Mapping
Collective Notebook
Metaplan

31. ●
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Affinity Diagramming
Methode zur
Konsolidierung und
Analyse von
Anforderungen
Phasen:
1) Erstellung von
Anforderungen
2) Präsentation in der
Gruppe
3) Diskussion und
Sortierung
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© itemis AG
31
Gröninger, German UPA

32. ●
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© itemis AG
Phase 1
Individuelle Generierung von Anforderungen
Vorsortierung
32

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© itemis AG
Phase 2
Präsentation der Anforderungen
Anpinnen an Whiteboard oder Wand
33

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© itemis AG
Phase 3
Sortieren der Anforderungen in Cluster (Affinities)
Erstellung von Hierarchien
34

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© itemis AG
Ergebnis
35

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Nutzen und Verwendung
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© itemis AG
36
Bei unklaren Anforderungen in frühen Phasen
Zur Konsolidierung und Analyse von Wissen und Perspektiven

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Paper Prototyping
Methode zur frühen und
informalen Erhebung von
Nutzerfeedback
Phasen:
1) Abläufe Skizzieren
2) Varianten Entwickeln
3) Nutzungstest
vorbereiten
4) Simulation der
Interaktion
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© itemis AG
37
Gröninger, German UPA

38. ●
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© itemis AG
Phase 1
Skizzieren der Anwendung auf Papier
Annotation von Screenshots / digitalen Entwürfen
38

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© itemis AG
Phase 2
Abläufe der Anwendung entwerfen
Entwicklung von Alternativen und Varianten
39

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© itemis AG
Phase 3
Einladen eines potentiellen Benutzers
Erläuterung eines Nutzungsszenarios
40

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© itemis AG
Phase 4
Simulation der Nutzerinteraktion
Austauschen der Skizzen nach Ablaufvarianten
41

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© itemis AG
42
Einbezug des späteren Benutzers vor der Entwicklung
Test von Interaktionsabläufen und Funktionen

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© itemis AG
Ausblick
Kreatives Arbeiten etablieren
43

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Werkzeuge
Haftnotizen und Papier
sind effektiv und effizient!
Ausreichend Material zur
Verfügung stellen
Ein Moderationskoffer
verfügt über die
wichtigsten Materialien
Materialien sind für
verschiedene Methoden
geeignet
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© itemis AG
44

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Kreative Umgebungen
Kreativität braucht
Freiraum
Viel Platz um Ideen und
Konzepte sichtbar &
vergleichbar zu machen
Gemeinsame Orte für
spontane Treffen
Verwendung von
Computern ist oft von
Nachteil!
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© itemis AG
45

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Herausforderungen
Formale Prozesse
benötigen strukturierte
Dokumentationen
Wissensmanagement ist in
kreativen Situationen
schwierig
Nacharbeit und Analyse
notwendig
Rolle des „Dokumentators“
hilfreich
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© itemis AG
46

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© itemis AG
Zukunftsvision
Hybride Werkzeuge für kreative Gruppenarbeit
47

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© itemis AG
48

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Fazit
Bessere Software erfordert
Iteration & Exploration
Kreativität in frühe Phasen
integrieren
Methoden sind einfach und
erlernbar
Herausforderungen im
Bereich der Dokumentation
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© itemis AG
49

50. ●
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Literatur
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© itemis AG
Bill Buxton: Sketching User Experiences,
Morgan Kaufmann, 2007
Terry Winograd: Bringing Design to Software,
ACM Press, 1997
Donald Schön: The Reflective Practitioner,
Basic Books, 1983
Bryan Lawson: How Designers Think,
Elsevier, 1997
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Florian Geyer
florian.geyer@itemis.de
Michael Jendryschik
michael.jendryschik@itemis.de
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© itemis AG
itemis AG | Am Brambusch 15-24 | D-44536 Lünen | www.itemis.de

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Qualitätssteigerung durch Usability Engineering
Nutzungsanalysen Gestaltung Consulting
 Modellierung von
Nutzungsanforderungen
 Benutzungstests im
Usability-Testlabor
 Nutzerinterviews
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© itemis AG
52
Intuitive Anwendungen und
weniger Nutzungsprobleme
Schnellere Zielerreichung
Integration von Benutzern
in den Design- und
Entwicklungsprozess
Potentialanalyse
 Konzeptentwicklung
 Nutzungsszenarien
 Interaktionsdesign
 Sketching & Prototyping
 Etablierung eines
Usability-Prozesses
 Usability-Grundlagen
 Methoden-Schulung
 Heuristische Reviews
Ergebnis:
Kostensenkung in
Entwicklung und Wartung
um Faktor 100 bis 1000!

53. ●
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Kommende Veranstaltungen der itemis AG
2013
• EclipseCon 2013
25.03.2013 – 28.03.2013, Boston, Massachusetts
• REFSQ 2013 – Requirements Engineering Foundation
for Software Quality
08.04.2013 – 11.04.2013, Essen, Vortrag: Jens Trompeter
• Code Generation Conference 2013
10.04.2013 – 12.04.2013, Cambridge, UK
• Frühjahrstagung GSE Arbeitsgruppe Software Engineering
15.04.2013 – 17.04.2013, Köln, Vortrag: Thorsten Kamann
• Vortragsreihe Bonn: Clojure at Work
25.04.2013, Bonn, Vortrag: Falko Riemenschneider
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© itemis AG
1