The document summarizes the writing of history in the Philippines during the American period and Third Republic period. During the American period, histories were often biased though some provided a more favorable view of Filipinos. Historians included Filipino ilustrados and American colonial officials. In the Third Republic, historians continued traditional approaches though some like Teodoro Agoncillo and Renato Constantino placed greater emphasis on the Filipino perspective and masses. Archaeological findings also allowed for studies of pre-colonial civilization.

1. The Writing of
History during
the American
Period

2. Clorado S. Jhoan
Irish Buenaflor
Jhennifer Guzman Barcelona
John Michael Gonzaga Roxas
Karl Christian Bermas
Lyza Castro
Mark Genver Medina Gianan
Michael Vincent Juan
LEADER:
MEMBERS:

3. On June 12, 1898, General Emilio
Aguinaldo declared the independence of
the Philippines. The short-lived
Philippine Republic ended with the
capture of Aguinaldo in Palanan, Isabela
on March 23, 1901. In this year, the
American government decided to
terminate the military government and
replaced it with a civil government under
the leadership of William Howard Taft.

4. the writing of history during this period can be
considered better compared to the writings of
history during Spanish period . Although,
most of the writings of the Americans about
the Philippines were extremely biased, still
there were few Americans who wrote in favor
of the Filipinos . historians during this period
can be classified into Filipino ilustrado,
American colonial officials, non-colonial
officials and the so-called academic
historians.

5. PEDRO PATERNO
RAFAEL PALMA
TRINIDAD PARDO DE
TAVERA
EPIFANIO DE LOS
SANTOS
TEODORO M KALAW ISABELO DE LOS REYES
SOME KNOW FILIPINO
ILUSTRADOS

6. Their socio-political affairs of the country led
them to contribute to the development of
Philippine historical writing. there are also
Americans who made a tremendous effort in
research to write the history of the Philippines,
some of them are Emma hellen Blair, James
Alexander Robertson, Fred Atkinson, James Le
Roy and Joseph hayden, Though the Americans
were critical to the Republic of Malolos and the
American history in the Philippines.

7. Historical Writings during the Third Republic
After the Philippines regained its
independence in 1946, the newly established
Philippine Republic has to confront several
problems. Aside from the rehabilitation of
the country, the newly established
government had to face the problems
concerning national unity and national
identity. In this light, the country was in need
of history that will reflect the characters of
the people and will serve as a unifying factor
of the country.

8. Here are some of the important
occurrences in the history of the
Philippines during this period:
The writings of history continued
to be dominated by traditional
historians. The saying “No
Documents, No History” is
popularized by the positivist
tradition advocated by Leopold
Von Ranke in the early 19th
century continued to have support
from the Filipino historians. Some
historians in early 50’s are Dr.
Nicolas Zafra, Dr. Conrado Benitez,
Dr. Domingo Eufronio Alip, Dr.
Gregorio Zaide and Dr. Antonio
Molina.
Early 1950s

9. History writing during
this period was
influenced by the cold
war. The Philippines,
being known as an ally of
the United States tried to
combat communism by
privileging the
achievements of the
colonizers in the
Philippine history.

10. Historian Gregorio Zaide and
younger scholars like Fr.
Horacio de la Costa and Fr.
Jose Arcilla had written their
history books from a clerical
point of view. Needless to say,
most of the writings during
this period are actually the
history of the colonizers in the
Philippines. Basically, it’s just
like being re-written.

11. Teodoro Agoncillo
revolutionized the writing of
the Philippine history. In his
effort to write the history of
the Philippines using a
Filipino standpoint
highlighted the 1896
Revolution and considered
1872 as the beginning of the
history of the Philippines as a
nation.
In the late 1950s

12. Agoncillo’s argument that 1872 was the beginning of
the history of the Philippines is that for his, the early
years of 1872 was actually the history of Spain in the
Philippines because the Filipinos then were just
passive followers of the Spaniards. Also, there are
controversies in Agoncillo’s writings because of his
questionable methodology like oral interviews which
is not a popular practice at that time, nonetheless ,
we cannot deny his contribution in writing the
Philippine history.

13. Following the footsteps of Agoncillo, Renato
Constantino placed the masses at the center in
his treatment of history. He emphasized that the
real mover of history is the masses and superman
does not exist, only leaders who became great
because they were working with people. His book,
“The Philippines: A Past Revisited ” departed
heavily from the tradition treatment of history.
Even though followed opinion about the oral
interview, he believed in the existence of
Philippine pre-colonial civilization. He argued that
the pre-colonial Philippines develop a structure
he termed as a communal democracy.

14. Archaeological and anthropological findings in the late 1960s had
given scholars the chance to reconstruct the history of the
Philippines prior to and during the early years of Spanish
domination. William Henry Scott and Dr. Landa Jocano were the
leading scholars who specialized on the subjects that concern
the pre-colonial civilization of the country. Some notable writings
of them were Scott’s “Cracks in the Parchment Curtain” and Dr.
Jocano’s The Philippine Pre-History.The two used different
sources like the colonial documents, ethnographic accounts or
participants observation and archaeological data in their
reconstruction of the Philippine past. Their works had given the
historians new possibilities in the study of the Philippine history
because of the inclusion of the different indigenous communities
of the past that led to a better understanding, acceptance and
respect to the least acculturated Filipinos who tried to maintain
their social order despite the threats from the colonizers.

15. Aside from Ileto, Vicente Rafael and Connie Alaras made
significant studies using the tradition of Annales as their
framework. Vicente Rafael’s Contracting Colonialism is
a good follow-up to the work of Ileto. On the other hand,
Consolacio Alaras’ “Pamathalaan” documented the world
view of the kapatiran. This documentation gave people
the chance to understand the mentality of the kapatiran.
The works of Rafael and Alares are good additions to the
historiographical literature. Like Ileto, both scholars tried
to penetrate the mentality of the common people. They
gave scholars new lens to interpret history and that will
answer the challenges posed by the changing time and
changing need.

16. SOURCE:
https://www.studocu.com/ph/docum
ent/university-of-san-carlos/history-
of-the-philippines/the-writing-of-
history-during-the-american-and-
3rd-republic-period/14198145