Metro Policy Program Discusses German Model
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The document discusses advanced industries in the United States and Germany. It finds that since the recession, the U.S. has been missing over 5 million jobs compared to pre-recession levels. Advanced industries make up a significant portion of the U.S. and German economies, but Germany invests more in research and has stronger workforce training systems like apprenticeships. The document argues the U.S. could benefit from adopting policies and institutions that strengthen regional innovation ecosystems like those in Germany.
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Metro Policy Program Discusses German Model
- 1. GLOBAL CITIES INITIATIVE A JOINT PROJECT OF BROOKINGS AND JPMORGAN CHASE Munich, Germany / November 18, 2014 @bruce_katz! #globalcities
- 2. Post-Recession U.S. Jobs Gap ! Since start of recession Payroll Count Jobs Gap Growth-Based Jobs Gap 5,000,000 0 -5,000,000 -10,000,000 2007 2009 2014 Source: The Hamilton Project analysis of Congressional Budget Office and Current Employment Statistics data.
- 3. Post-Recession U.S. Jobs Gap ! Since start of recession Payroll Count Jobs Gap Growth-Based Jobs Gap 5,000,000 0 -5,000,000 -10,000,000 2007 2009 2014 5.2 million! missing jobs Source: The Hamilton Project analysis of Congressional Budget Office and Current Employment Statistics data.
- 4. 1 2 3 The U.S. Manufacturing Moment 1
- 5. Blurring distinction between manufacturing and services Relentless pace of technological change Shale gas and domestic energy revolution
- 6. Advanced Industries R&D-intensive industries that concentrate the nation’s science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) workforce
- 7. Manufacturing Pharmaceuticals Motor Vehicles & Medical Equipment Parts Aerospace 35 Advanced Industries
- 8. Manufacturing Pharmaceuticals Advanced Industries Motor Vehicles & Medical Equipment Parts Aerospace 35 Energy 3 Oil & Gas ! Extraction Electricity ! Generation
- 9. Manufacturing Pharmaceuticals Advanced Industries Motor Vehicles & Medical Equipment Parts Aerospace 35 Telecommunications R&D Consulting Services Software Computer Systems Design Services 12 Energy 3 Oil & Gas ! Extraction Electricity ! Generation
- 10. Advanced Industries Wages $90,000 average advanced industry wage > $47,000 average wage Skills 1 out of 2 advanced industry jobs require less than a 4-year degree Source: Brookings Analysis of Moody’s Analytics and BLS OES Data
- 11. Advanced Industries Advanced Industries! Share of U.S. Totals Jobs GDP Exports Patents R&D Share of GDP Growth ’09 – ’13 Share Job Growth ’09 – ’13 *Advanced Industries spend over $450 on R&D per job annually and over 20 percent of jobs are in STEM occupations. Source: Brookings Institution forthcoming.
- 12. Advanced Industries Drive Productivity in Other Industries Support Long! Supply Chains Stimulate Local Economies Develop Technology that Transforms Lives
- 13. Advanced Industries Innovation Skills Ecosystems
- 14. 3.8% 5.0% 3.5% 4.4% Japan France United States 3.1% United Kingdom European Union Germany South Korea China 5.5% 10.9% 20.7% Growth of Domestic R&D Expenditures! Average Annual Growth, 2001-2011 Source: National Science Foundation, SEI 2014 Innovation
- 15. Innovation Triadic patents per million workers 2010-2012 average 400 300 200 100 0 Switzerland Sweden Japan United States Finland Germany Netherlands Israel Korea Denmark Austria United Kingdom France Belgium Luxembourg Canada Singapore Ireland Norway
- 16. Advanced Industries Innovation Skills Ecosystems
- 17. Percentage of graduates majoring in STEM fields RANK VALUE 1 … 31 32 33 34 35 26.7% … 21.9% 21.8% 19.3% 19.2% 18.7% Germany … Australia Poland United States Chile Japan Source: OECD Global Skills Survey Skills
- 18. 36% Source: US Census Bureau, 2010 American Community Survey 19% Hispanics Educational Attainment! Associate’s Degree or Higher African Americans Non-Hispanic Whites Asians 25% 39% 56% United States Skills
- 19. Source: US Census Bureau, 2010 American Community Survey Educational Attainment! Associate’s Degree or Higher 19% Hispanics 25% African Americans Skills
- 20. Advanced Industries Innovation Skills Ecosystems
- 21. Ecosystems Major metropolitan areas with at least 10 percent of total employment in advanced industries 1980 2013
- 22. Ecosystems Decrease in large, integrated R&D operations Outsourcing of manufacturing Diminishing job tenure and internal training
- 23. 1 2 2 3 Lessons from Germany
- 24. Manufacturing and the Export Economy! United States versus Germany 100 50 0 United States Share of GDP in mfg Share of mfg GDP in high-tech Exports as share of GDP Mfg share of mech. exports 22 12 58 42 54 7 82 62 +$425 b German trade balance in manufacturing -$668 b U.S. trade balance in manufacturing Germany
- 25. Advanced Industries Innovation Skills Ecosystems
- 26. Innovation! Platform Workforce & Skills Pipeline Regional ! Ecosystems
- 27. Public Funding Private Funding Basic Research Applied Research Innovation! Platform
- 28. Lander! Institutions Universities Helmholtz! Association Federal! Institutions Max Planck! Society Academies Research Infrastructures Fraunhofer-! Gesellschaft Leibniz! Association Companies/Industrial Research Networks and ! Clusters Public Funding Private Funding Basic Research Applied Research Innovation! Platform Industrial Research ! Associations (AIF)
- 29. Lander! Institutions Universities Helmholtz! Association Federal! Institutions Max Planck! Society Academies Research Infrastructures Fraunhofer-! Gesellschaft Leibniz! Association Companies/Industrial Research Networks and ! Clusters Public Funding Private Funding Basic Research Applied Research Innovation! Platform Industrial Research ! Associations (AIF)
- 30. Lander! Institutions Universities Helmholtz! Association Federal! Institutions Max Planck! Society Academies Research Infrastructures Fraunhofer-! Gesellschaft Leibniz! Association Companies/Industrial Research Networks and ! Clusters Public Funding Private Funding Basic Research Applied Research Innovation! Platform Industrial Research ! Associations (AIF)
- 31. Lander! Institutions Universities Helmholtz! Association Federal! Institutions Max Planck! Society Academies Research Infrastructures Fraunhofer-! Gesellschaft Leibniz! Association Companies/Industrial Research Networks and ! Clusters Public Funding Private Funding Basic Research Applied Research Innovation! Platform Industrial Research ! Associations (AIF)
- 32. Lander! Institutions Universities Helmholtz! Association Federal! Institutions Max Planck! Society Academies Research Infrastructures Fraunhofer-! Gesellschaft Leibniz! Association Companies/Industrial Research Networks and ! Clusters Public Funding Private Funding Basic Research Applied Research Innovation! Platform Industrial Research ! Associations (AIF)
- 33. 67 centers 23,000 6-8,000 employees projects per year ! $2 billion annual research
- 34. SMEs 67 centers 23,000 6-8,000 employees projects per year ! $2 billion annual research
- 35. Lander! Institutions Universities Helmholtz! Association Federal! Institutions Max Planck! Society Academies Research Infrastructures Industrial Research ! Associations (AIF) Fraunhofer-! Gesellschaft Leibniz! Association Companies/Industrial Research Networks and ! Clusters Public Funding Private Funding Basic Research Applied Research Innovation! Platform
- 36. Innovation! Platform Workforce & Skills Pipeline Regional ! Ecosystems
- 37. Workforce & Skills Pipeline
- 38. Completion of Lower Secondary School Workforce & Skills Pipeline
- 39. 15% Fachoberschulen & Berufsfachschulen! Full-time technical education and training. Workforce & Skills Pipeline Completion of Lower Secondary School
- 40. 15% Fachoberschulen & Berufsfachschulen! Full-time technical education and training. 30% Gymnasium! Continued classroom studies and the! pathway to university. Workforce & Skills Pipeline Completion of Lower Secondary School
- 41. 15% Fachoberschulen & Berufsfachschulen! Dual Berfusauddildung! The dual system of training in which students train 3-4 days per week, complemented by teaching in vocational school 1-2 days per week ! 45% Full-time technical education and training. 30% Gymnasium! Continued classroom studies and the! pathway to university. Workforce & Skills Pipeline Completion of Lower Secondary School
- 42. Dual Berfusauddildung! The dual system of training in which students train 3-4 days per week, complemented by teaching in vocational school 1-2 days per week ! 15% 30% 45% Fachoberschulen & Berufsfachschulen! Full-time technical education and training. Gymnasium! Continued classroom studies and the! pathway to university. Workforce & Skills Pipeline Completion of Lower Secondary School
- 43. Dual Berfusauddildung! The dual system of training in which students train 3-4 days per week, complemented by teaching in vocational school 1-2 days per week ! 15% 30% 45% Fachoberschulen & Berufsfachschulen! Full-time technical education and training. Gymnasium! Continued classroom studies and the! pathway to university.
- 44. Dual Berfusauddildung! The dual system of training in which students train 3-4 days per week, complemented by teaching in vocational school 1-2 days per week ! 15% 30% 45% Fachoberschulen & Berufsfachschulen! Full-time technical education and training. Gymnasium! Continued classroom studies and the! pathway to university.
- 45. Innovation! Platform Workforce & Skills Pipeline Regional ! Ecosystems
- 46. Oberschleissheim Regional ! Munich Aschheim Neufarn Ismaning Am Hart Ecosystems
- 51. 1 2 3 3 Delivering the German ! Model in the United States
- 52. Advanced Industries Innovation Skills Ecosystems
- 56. GLOBAL CITIES INITIATIVE A JOINT PROJECT OF BROOKINGS AND JPMORGAN CHASE Munich, Germany / November 18, 2014 @bruce_katz! #globalcities
- 57. Metropolitan Policy Program at BROOKINGS