This document summarizes the results of a comparative survey on academic spin-offs carried out with researchers from the University of G. D'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara in Italy and the University of Applied Sciences Ludwigshafen in Germany. The survey found that 10% of researchers from the Italian university and 40% from the German university have attempted to start a spin-off company, while only 2% and 40% respectively have successfully established one. Researchers from the German university were generally more open to business activities and commercializing their research compared to those from the Italian university.

1. Research, Innovation
and
Academic Spin-offs
Fabiano Madonna 2017
A ComparativeSurvey

2. Summary
Bloomberg Innovation Index
Gross domestic spending on
R&D
Researchers
Scientific publications
Survey
Results
2

3. Bloomberg Innovation Index
3

4. Bloomberg Innovation Index
4

5. Scientific and technological indices
Country Gross domestic
spending on R&D
% of GDP (2015)
R&D spending
per capita (USD)
Italy 1,3 456,4
Germany 2,8 1318,6
European Union 1,9 714,4
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Gross domestic spending on R&D Total, % of GDP, 2006 – 2015
Source: OECD Data (STAN R&D - ISIC Rev. 4)
Researchers Total, Per 1 000 employed, 2014
Source: OECD Data (Main Science and Technology Indicators)
5

6. Scientific publications Annual average growth of publications (2004-2010, %)
Publications (2010) for R&D public spending units
Scientific publications:
Output and efficiency
Source: VQR 2004-2010 Final Report ANVUR | 2013
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7. Comparative Survey on Academic Spin-Offs
SURVEY TITLE
Comparative Survey on Academic Spin-Offs: cases of
G.D'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara University and University of
Applied Sciences Ludwigshafen
DATE OR PERIOD
March and April 2016
POPULATION
Researchers, Associate Professors and Full Professors from
the Department of Economics and Business Administration,
in the case of D'Annunzio University, and from the
departments of Management, Controlling, Healthcare;
Marketing and Human Resources Management; Services
and Consultancy as for Ludwigshafen University.
SAMPLING METHOD
Not probabilistic. Auto-selected sample.
METHODOLOGY OF DATA COLLECTION
CAWI (Computer-Assisted Web Interview)
SAMPLE SIZE, NUMBER OF NON-RESPONDENTS
Unich HsLu
Emails sent 85 74 159
Non respondents 43 51% 54 73% 97 61%
Interviews
carried out
42 49% 20 27% 62 39%
PHENOMENON ANALIZED
The constitution of Academic Spin-Off at the G.
D'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara University and the University
of Applied Sciences of Ludwigshafen
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8. Has the researcher carried out one or more
attempts to start a spin-off enterprise?
Yes 10% No 90%* Yes 40% No 60%
* The percentages are rounded to the nearest integer number. 8

9. Has the researcher established one or more
spin-off enterprises?
Yes 2% No 98% Yes 40% No 60%
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10. 0.00%
20.00%
40.00%
60.00%
80.00%
Rarely Sometimes Often
Has the researcher, or the university on its behalf, carried out at least once one of
the following activities: patent registration, utility model, trademark, plant
varieties, initiating legal action for breach of copyright to software or database?
How often has the researcher provided consulting services?
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
1 2 3 4 5
How much is the researcher willing to sacrifice scientific production
in favour of commitment in business activity?
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
1 2 3 4 5
Would the researcher be inclined to accept a variable salary and
the economic risk deriving from extra-academic business?
Yes 10%
No 90%
Yes 20%
No 80%
10

11. 0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
None 1-10 11-50 51-100 +100
Total number of publications produced by the
researcher:
Have the researcher's research results been applied in new goods,
services, technologies, production processes?
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
1 2 3 4 5
How often does the researcher have relationship with private
enterprises personnel, public authority, business associations,
technology transfer centers?
Yes 26% No 74% Yes 65% No 35%
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12. 0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
1 2 3 4 5
How important are private, mixed and EU funding and grant for
the success of the research projects?
0.00%
20.00%
40.00%
60.00%
80.00%
100.00%
Full professor Associate
Professor
Researcher PhD student
or post doc
The researcher has one of the following academic status:
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
1 2 3 4 5
How important are the internal funding of the University and the
ministerial funds for the success of the researcher's projects?
The researcher is:
Male 62%
Female 38%
Male 90%
Female 10%
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