This document provides biographical details about Mahatma Gandhi's life and activism. It describes how Gandhi faced discrimination as an Indian man in South Africa, motivating him to fight social injustice through nonviolent protest. As the leader of India's independence movement, Gandhi employed tactics like non-cooperation, hunger strikes, and civil disobedience to peacefully resist British rule. Though he was imprisoned for several years, Gandhi's nonviolent movement eventually helped India achieve independence in 1947. However, Gandhi's commitment to nonviolence did not prevent his assassination by Nathuram Godse in 1948.

1. Government Engineering
College, Bhavnagar
Contributor in social welfare
Prepared by:
 GAURANG RANA(110210125102)

2. MAHATMA GANDHI
1869-1948

3. Gandhi in South Africa: 1893- 1914
• In South Africa, Gandhi faced
discrimination directed at Indians. He
was thrown off a train at
Pietermaritzburg after refusing to
move from the first class to a third
class coach while holding a valid first
class ticket. Traveling farther on by
stagecoach he was beaten by a
driver for refusing to travel on the foot
board to make room for a European
passenger. These events were a
turning point in his life, awakening
him to social injustice and influencing
his subsequent social activism.
Gandhi while serving in
the Ambulance Corps
during the Boer War.

4. The South
Africa Years
Gandhi and his legal colleagues.
Gandhi and his South African friends.
Gandhi served in and lead an
Ambulance Corps Unit in both the
Boer War 1899-1892 and the Zulu War
of 1906. By supporting the British
government, Gandhi hoped to gain full
citizenship for Indians in South Africa,
a goal he did not achieve.

5. Gandhi’s Tactics
• Gandhi employed non-cooperation,
non-violence and peaceful
resistance as his "weapons" in the
struggle against British. In Punjab,
the Jallianwala Bagh massacre of
civilians by British troops (also
known as the Amritsar Massacre)
caused deep trauma to the nation,
leading to increased public anger
and acts of violence. Gandhi
criticized both the actions of the
British Raj and the retaliatory
violence of Indians. When he was
arrested, he continued his non-violent
protest through hunger
strikes.
Gandhi on the Salt March.
Gandhi on Dandi
March

6. Imprisonment
• Gandhi was arrested on 10 March 1922, tried
for sedition, and sentenced to six years'
imprisonment. He began his sentence on 18
March 1922. He was released in February 1924
for an appendicitis operation, having served
only 2 years. Without Gandhi's uniting
personality, the Indian National Congress
began to splinter during his years in prison,
splitting into two factions. Furthermore,
cooperation among Hindus and Muslims, which
had been strong at the height of the non-violence
campaign, was breaking down. Gandhi
attempted to bridge these differences through
many means, including a three-week fast in the
autumn of 1924, but with limited success.
Gandhi on a “fast.”

7. Independence
• When the moment of
freedom came, on 15
August 1947, Gandhi
was nowhere to be seen
in the capital, though
Nehru and the entire
Constituent Assembly
were to salute him as
the architect of Indian
independence, as the
'father of the nation'.

8. Gandhi’s response to threats
• Gandhi, quite characteristically, refused additional
security, and no one could defy his wish to be allowed to
move around unhindered. In the early evening hours of
30 January 1948, Gandhi met with India's Deputy Prime
Minister and his close associate in the freedom struggle,
Vallabhai Patel, and then proceeded to his prayers.
Gandhi commenced his walk towards the garden where
the prayer meeting was held. As he was about to mount
the steps of the podium, Gandhi folded his hands and
greeted his audience with a namaskar; at that moment, a
young man came up to him and roughly pushed aside
Manu. Nathuram Godse (a Brahmin Hindu) bent down in
the gesture of an obeisance, took a revolver out of his
pocket, and shot Gandhi three times in his chest.