The document provides calculations and recommendations for fertilizer amounts for the north and south halves of a 1/2 acre garden. For the north half, it is recommended to apply 3.0 lbs of nitrogen per 1000 square feet. The calculations determine that 261.36 lbs of 25-5-5 fertilizer should be applied. For the south half, it is recommended to apply 3.1 lbs of nitrogen per 1000 square feet. The calculations determine that 675.18 lbs of 10-10-10 fertilizer should be applied.

1. FERTILIZER ASSIGNMENT - SOLUTION NORTH HALF Recommended – 3.0 lb. N Fertilizer – 25-5-5 Garden size – ½ acre 43,560 sq. ft. per acre / 2 = 21,780 sq. ft. 21,780 sq. ft. / 1000 = 21.78 1000s 100% / 25% = 4 lb. fertilizer per lb. of N

2. FERTILIZER ASSIGNMENT – SOLUTION (cont.) 3.0 lb. N per 1000 sq. ft. recommended x 4 lb. fert. per lb. N = 12 lb. fert. per 1000 sq. ft. 12 lb. fert. X 21.78 1000s = 261.36 lb. fertilizer

3. FERTILIZER ASSIGNMENT – SOLUTION (cont.) SOUTH HALF Recommended – 3.1 lb. N Fertilizer – 10-10-10 Covering 21.78 1000s as in north half 100% / 10% = 10 lb. fert. per lb. N 3.1 lb. N per 1000 sq. ft. recommended x 10 lb. fert. per lb. N = 31 lb. fert. per 1000 sq. ft. 31 lb. fert. x 21.78 1000s = 675.18 lb. fertilizer

4. PATHOLOGY & PESTS

5. METHODS OF CONTROL Resistant varieties Mechanical controls Organic controls Chemical controls INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT (IPM) Best combination of all methods As environmentally friendly as possible Economical

6. RESISTANT VARIETIES ADVANTAGES Little or no other control needed for that pest DISADVANTAGES Resistant only to specific pests Seed may be more expensive

7. MECHANICAL CONTROLS Rotate plantings Netting, exclosures Picking insects Water spray Mechanical traps Insect vacuums Diatomaceous earth Clean up trash Hoe weeds Weed barriers Insecticidal soaps Horticultural oils

8. MECHANICAL CONTROLS (cont.) ADVANTAGES Often cheap Environmentally friendly DISADVANTAGES More attention May not be as effective as chemical or organic

9. ORGANIC CONTROLS Release of natural enemy of pest Lady bird beetle (lady bug) - aphids Preying mantis - other insects Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) - bacterial disease of insects

10. ORGANIC CONTROLS (cont.) ADVANTAGES Environmentally friendly May last longer than chemicals DISADVANTAGES May be expensive May not be as quick or effective as chemical controls

11. CHEMICAL CONTROLS ADVANTAGES Usually immediate Sometimes specific to pest Often quite effective DISADVANTAGES Often expensive Least environmentally friendly May be dangerous to humans Often kills other insects or plants besides pest May be toxic to birds, animals, fish, etc.

12. PESTICIDE SAFETY Homeowners are worst contaminators Latest label is the LAW Violations may be costly & deadly Designed to be safe if THE LABEL IS FOLLOWED Exposures are cumulative

13. PESTICIDE SAFETY (cont.) Avenues of exposure: Mouth Breathing Skin Hands, face & neck, groin Eyes USE THE REQUIRED SAFETY EQUIPMENT If contaminated immediately flush w/ water, shower, change clothes See doctor immediately if symptoms occur

14. PESTICIDE SAFETY (cont.) Always shower & change clothes after application Wash clothes separate

15. Dermal (skin) absorption rates Scalp 3.7 Forehead 4.2 Ear canal 5.4 Abdomen 2.1 Groin area 11.6 Forearm 1.0 Palm 1.3 Ball of foot 1.6

30. PESTICIDE LABELS Brand Name Active Ingredients Type Unclassified Restricted Use Private Applicator Certification Commercial Applicator Certification

31. PESTICIDE LABELS (cont.) Warning Statement Caution - slightly or nontoxic Warning - moderately likely to cause acute illness Danger - highly toxic May be accompanied by “POISON” & skull and crossbones if especially toxic

32. PESTICIDE LABELS (cont.) Statement of practical treatment (first aid) Hazards to humans & domestic animals Allergic effects statement Personal protective equipment This is a minimum BE SURE TO READ & FOLLOW Environmental hazards Physical or chemical hazards

33. PESTICIDE LABELS (cont.) Directions for use Mixing levels - ILLEGAL TO EXCEED Crops & weeds specified - CANNOT BE USED ON OTHERS Entry statement Storage & disposal