stages of general anesthesia
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General anesthesia progresses through four stages: I) analgesia, where the patient feels drowsy and numb; II) excitement, where the patient may feel agitated or delirious; III) surgical anesthesia, the target stage where painful stimuli do not elicit reflexes or autonomic responses; and IV) impending death, where breathing and circulation fail and death occurs if not treated. The ideal anesthetic agent allows quick progression from initial feelings of numbness to unconscious surgical anesthesia without inducing excitement or life-threatening paralysis.
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Rationale: Drug-associated adverse effects are one of the most important entities in clinical medicine. Involuntary movements may have a dynamic serious impact on myocardial muscle. Myoclonus is well as abnormal involuntary movements with a distinct description. Myoclonus is a physical trauma and stress for coronary arteries. Physical and mechanical stress may be causing coronary artery spasm. Drug-inducing allergic angina, allergic coronary artery spasm, and allergic myocardial infarction are renowned as Zavras-Kounis syndrome. Streptokinase is a still-known effective thrombolytic in myocardial infarction. There is a correlation between COVID-19 infection and myocardial infarction. Patient concerns: A 70-year-old married, farmer, smoker, Egyptian male patient was admitted to the critical care unit with acute inferior myocardial infarction and suspected COVID-19 pneumonia. An interlacing generalized myoclonus and allergic coronary artery spasm occurred. Diagnosis: Reactional myoclonus with allergic coronary artery spasm post-streptokinase in COVID-19 inducing myocardial infarction. Interventions: Electrocardiography, oxygenation, streptokinase intravenous infusion, and echocardiography. Outcomes: Reactional generalized myoclonus with coronary artery spasm had happened during-streptokinase infusion but the dramatic response was the result. Lessons: Dramatic clinical and electrocardiographic response after using the traditional anti-allergic signifying its role and suggest the diagnosis of Zavras-Kounis syndrome. The presence of continuing generalized myoclonus movements with the disappearance of coronary artery spasm after stoppage may be directed to the myoclonus cause. Streptokinase causing generalized myoclonus movements previously unknown, so it is a new recording adverse effect finding. The presence of involuntary movements, COVID-19 pneumonia, myocardial infarction, elderly, and cigarette smoking are prognostic factors for the severity of the disease.seizure seizure in medical surgical nursing
- Seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain that can be accompanied by various disorders or occur spontaneously. Epilepsy is characterized by recurrent, spontaneous seizures.
- Seizures can be generalized, involving both sides of the brain, or focal, beginning in one area. Common generalized seizures include tonic-clonic, absence, myoclonic, atonic, tonic, and clonic. Focal seizures affect a specific brain region.
- Diagnosis involves the seizure description, EEG, and tests to rule out underlying causes. Treatment includes antiseizure medications and possibly surgery for drug-resistant cases. The goals are preventing injury and status epilepticus while improving quality of
General Anesthetics
General anesthetics are drugs that induce reversible loss of consciousness and sensations during surgery. They work by depressing the central nervous system in stages, starting with cortical centers and ending with the medulla. There are two main types - inhalational gases administered through masks or intravenous drugs given through injections. A balanced anesthesia approach uses multiple drugs to induce unconsciousness, amnesia, analgesia, and muscle relaxation. Precise drug combinations and dosages are tailored for each patient and procedure type. The goal is to smoothly induce and rapidly recover from anesthesia with minimized risks and side effects.
Similar to stages of general anesthesia (20)
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Anesthetics and its side affect Mechanism of action
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Zavras-Kounis syndrome simultaneously with reactional myoclonus post-streptok...
Zavras-Kounis syndrome simultaneously with reactional myoclonus post-streptok...
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stages of general anesthesia
- 1. Stages of GENERAL ANESTHESIA Medicinal chemistry Reference :- Wilson and Giswolds textbook of organic medicinal and pharmaceutical chemistry
- 2. General Anesthesia •Clinical definition; “General Anesthesia is a state where no movement occurs in response to what should be painful.”
- 3. Stages of General Anesthesia 1.Analgesia (stage I) 2.Excitement (Stage II) 3.Surgical Anesthesia (Stage III) 4.Impending Death (Stage IV)
- 4. Analgesia (stage I) •The Stage of analgesia lasts from onset of drowsiness to loss of eyelash reflex (blinking when the eyelash is stroked ) . •Variable levels of amnesia and analgesia are seen in this stage I . •The patient is considered unconscious at the end of stage I .
- 5. Excitement (Stage II) •The stage of excitement is characterized by agitation and delirium . •During this stage , salivation may be copious . •Heart rate and respiration may be irregular. •Induction agents are designed to move the patient through this undesirable stage quickly .
- 6. Surgical Anesthesia (Stage III) •This stage of anesthesia is the target depth for this procedure .During this stage , a painful stimuli will not elicit a somatic reflex or deleterious autonomic response .
- 7. Impending Death (Stage IV) •This stage lasts from onset of apnea to failure of circulation and respiration and ends in death.
- 8. Note:- •The ideal anesthetic combination will allow the patient to proceed quickly from stage I to stage III and avoid stage IV .
- 9. Thank you Stay healthy Stay sparkling !