International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Labour unrest in the readymade garment sector of bangladesh am empirical rese...Md Zafar Alam Bhuiyan
Bangladesh is a country where garment sector has been developed informally by the mostly illiterate people of the country. So there is lack of unprofessional and scientific way of management of production and the related other issues. Now, this sector is the main bread earner of the country from foreign sector. As its inception, the garment sector is not being modernised with the globalised atmosphere as per the requirement of the civilization especially compliance other human right issues resulting frequent unrest therefore. Still now some of the owners are not agree to increase the labor facilities rather to continue as the sweatshops while demanding to increase facilities from the buyer side. But, buyers are not willing to increase CM (cost of manufacturing), they have increased much the same in other countries. After the incidents of Tazreen Fashion and Rana Plaza. Government and garment owners should increase the facilities of the workers and finally the buyers should increase their rate to mitigate the situation.
Global competition in rmg related industry and bangladeshs present positionMarchant Sajib
This document discusses the history and role of the ready-made garment (RMG) sector in Bangladesh. It provides background on the growth of RMG factories and workers since the sector emerged in the late 1970s. Some key points:
- The RMG sector has grown exponentially and is now the largest export industry and foreign currency earner for Bangladesh. It employs over 4 million workers, around 90% of whom are women.
- The sector has contributed significantly to GDP growth and reducing unemployment in Bangladesh as the population grows. It has also helped develop other industries like banking and transportation.
- While RMG has boosted the economy, the sector still faces challenges like an unskilled workforce, infrastructure issues, high costs
A CASE STUDY ON CONSTRAINTS AFFECTING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF READYMADE GARMENT (...ijmvsc
The success of Readymade garment (RMG) exports from Bangladesh over the past few decades has
reached to an unprecedented height and sometimes it goes beyond optimistic expectations compared to any
other sectors in the country. Being one of the lucrative multibillion dollar industries, it has provided more
than 4.0 million employment opportunities and ensured women empowerment. It has brought the fortune to
rural women communities and they have become independent by themselves. The garment industry in
Bangladesh faces a number of challenges including fallacious working condition, dearth of safety, political
turbulence and, low remuneration. To sustain in the competitive global market, management has to identify
the prime key opportunities and identify any threats. This study was conducted to analyze the prospects and
constraints of Bangladesh RMG industry using well known multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) method
namely analytic hierarchy process (AHP). To judge the model, data was collected through the focus group
discussion and key informant interviews with the managers of three different garment industries situated in
Gazipur, Bangladesh. The findings of the study showed that “unsound working condition” among several
challenges affects workers working capability and productivity severely. The study recommends that
through proper identification and taking corrective measures against the challenges by the management of
RMG sector, Bangladesh has the opportunity to be the market leader in this sector.
This document discusses employee satisfaction levels in the Ready Made Garments (RMG) sector in Bangladesh. It provides background on the growth of the RMG industry and discusses key factors that impact employee satisfaction, such as wages, working conditions, and relationships with supervisors. The literature review examines previous research on employee satisfaction and productivity in the garments industry. The objectives are to assess satisfaction levels among garment employees, identify the major factors affecting satisfaction, and examine how employees are treated. The methodology section outlines the data collection process, including surveys of RMG workers in Dhaka to measure satisfaction levels.
RMG Sector Risk Management and Social Compliances in BangladeshAhasan Uddin Bhuiyan
The RMG sector in Bangladesh faces many risks that threaten its growth and sustainability. Major risks include accidental factory fires and building collapses that have killed over 1,100 workers in recent years. Other risks are reputational risks to brands from supply chain issues, regulatory risks from stricter compliance standards, and operational risks from disruptions. To manage these risks, reforms are needed that strengthen compliance with building codes and safety standards, improve worker representation, relocate unsafe factories, and develop new economic zones with robust infrastructure and safety measures. Social compliance with codes of conduct is also important to manage risks and improve working conditions.
The ready-made garment (RMG) sector has emerged as Bangladesh's biggest export industry since the 1980s. It contributes significantly to GDP and employs around 4.2 million people, mainly women from low-income families. This employment has improved women's social status by providing financial independence. While the RMG sector is expected to continue growing due to Bangladesh's low labor costs, several major fires and a building collapse in 2013 highlighted ongoing issues with worker safety and compliance in the industry.
A Study of the Contract Labour System in the Garment Industry in Gurgaon
Haryana State is one of the fastest growing states in India. The GDP was Rs 2, 162,870 million in 2009-2010 and Rs 2,577,930 million in 2010-2011, an increase of 19% in a single year. This reflects an increasing trend of economic growth in Haryana over the last decade despite the global downturn and its impact on the export/foreign investment-oriented industries that now characterise the economy of the state. In keeping with the neo liberal economic policies introduced in India during the early 1990s, the state has attracted investment through various incentives to the industrial sectors, embarking on the industrialisation of an economy that had traditionally been based on agriculture. Industry in Haryana is highly dependent on a migrant workforce that has flooded in to the state along with its phenomenal economic growth.
This document summarizes a research study on female workers' attitudes toward industrial disputes in the ready-made garments (RMG) sector in Bangladesh. The RMG sector is a major contributor to Bangladesh's economy and employs around 2 million people, most of whom are women. However, industrial disputes have hindered the sector's growth in recent years. The study aims to assess female workers' attitudes on industrial disputes and identify ways to minimize disputes to increase productivity. The researchers conducted interviews and surveys of female RMG workers to analyze their views on the sources of disputes and how disputes could be better resolved. The findings could help develop guidelines to reduce disputes and strengthen the sustainable development of Bangladesh's important RMG industry.
Labour unrest in the readymade garment sector of bangladesh am empirical rese...Md Zafar Alam Bhuiyan
Bangladesh is a country where garment sector has been developed informally by the mostly illiterate people of the country. So there is lack of unprofessional and scientific way of management of production and the related other issues. Now, this sector is the main bread earner of the country from foreign sector. As its inception, the garment sector is not being modernised with the globalised atmosphere as per the requirement of the civilization especially compliance other human right issues resulting frequent unrest therefore. Still now some of the owners are not agree to increase the labor facilities rather to continue as the sweatshops while demanding to increase facilities from the buyer side. But, buyers are not willing to increase CM (cost of manufacturing), they have increased much the same in other countries. After the incidents of Tazreen Fashion and Rana Plaza. Government and garment owners should increase the facilities of the workers and finally the buyers should increase their rate to mitigate the situation.
Global competition in rmg related industry and bangladeshs present positionMarchant Sajib
This document discusses the history and role of the ready-made garment (RMG) sector in Bangladesh. It provides background on the growth of RMG factories and workers since the sector emerged in the late 1970s. Some key points:
- The RMG sector has grown exponentially and is now the largest export industry and foreign currency earner for Bangladesh. It employs over 4 million workers, around 90% of whom are women.
- The sector has contributed significantly to GDP growth and reducing unemployment in Bangladesh as the population grows. It has also helped develop other industries like banking and transportation.
- While RMG has boosted the economy, the sector still faces challenges like an unskilled workforce, infrastructure issues, high costs
A CASE STUDY ON CONSTRAINTS AFFECTING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF READYMADE GARMENT (...ijmvsc
The success of Readymade garment (RMG) exports from Bangladesh over the past few decades has
reached to an unprecedented height and sometimes it goes beyond optimistic expectations compared to any
other sectors in the country. Being one of the lucrative multibillion dollar industries, it has provided more
than 4.0 million employment opportunities and ensured women empowerment. It has brought the fortune to
rural women communities and they have become independent by themselves. The garment industry in
Bangladesh faces a number of challenges including fallacious working condition, dearth of safety, political
turbulence and, low remuneration. To sustain in the competitive global market, management has to identify
the prime key opportunities and identify any threats. This study was conducted to analyze the prospects and
constraints of Bangladesh RMG industry using well known multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) method
namely analytic hierarchy process (AHP). To judge the model, data was collected through the focus group
discussion and key informant interviews with the managers of three different garment industries situated in
Gazipur, Bangladesh. The findings of the study showed that “unsound working condition” among several
challenges affects workers working capability and productivity severely. The study recommends that
through proper identification and taking corrective measures against the challenges by the management of
RMG sector, Bangladesh has the opportunity to be the market leader in this sector.
This document discusses employee satisfaction levels in the Ready Made Garments (RMG) sector in Bangladesh. It provides background on the growth of the RMG industry and discusses key factors that impact employee satisfaction, such as wages, working conditions, and relationships with supervisors. The literature review examines previous research on employee satisfaction and productivity in the garments industry. The objectives are to assess satisfaction levels among garment employees, identify the major factors affecting satisfaction, and examine how employees are treated. The methodology section outlines the data collection process, including surveys of RMG workers in Dhaka to measure satisfaction levels.
RMG Sector Risk Management and Social Compliances in BangladeshAhasan Uddin Bhuiyan
The RMG sector in Bangladesh faces many risks that threaten its growth and sustainability. Major risks include accidental factory fires and building collapses that have killed over 1,100 workers in recent years. Other risks are reputational risks to brands from supply chain issues, regulatory risks from stricter compliance standards, and operational risks from disruptions. To manage these risks, reforms are needed that strengthen compliance with building codes and safety standards, improve worker representation, relocate unsafe factories, and develop new economic zones with robust infrastructure and safety measures. Social compliance with codes of conduct is also important to manage risks and improve working conditions.
The ready-made garment (RMG) sector has emerged as Bangladesh's biggest export industry since the 1980s. It contributes significantly to GDP and employs around 4.2 million people, mainly women from low-income families. This employment has improved women's social status by providing financial independence. While the RMG sector is expected to continue growing due to Bangladesh's low labor costs, several major fires and a building collapse in 2013 highlighted ongoing issues with worker safety and compliance in the industry.
A Study of the Contract Labour System in the Garment Industry in Gurgaon
Haryana State is one of the fastest growing states in India. The GDP was Rs 2, 162,870 million in 2009-2010 and Rs 2,577,930 million in 2010-2011, an increase of 19% in a single year. This reflects an increasing trend of economic growth in Haryana over the last decade despite the global downturn and its impact on the export/foreign investment-oriented industries that now characterise the economy of the state. In keeping with the neo liberal economic policies introduced in India during the early 1990s, the state has attracted investment through various incentives to the industrial sectors, embarking on the industrialisation of an economy that had traditionally been based on agriculture. Industry in Haryana is highly dependent on a migrant workforce that has flooded in to the state along with its phenomenal economic growth.
This document summarizes a research study on female workers' attitudes toward industrial disputes in the ready-made garments (RMG) sector in Bangladesh. The RMG sector is a major contributor to Bangladesh's economy and employs around 2 million people, most of whom are women. However, industrial disputes have hindered the sector's growth in recent years. The study aims to assess female workers' attitudes on industrial disputes and identify ways to minimize disputes to increase productivity. The researchers conducted interviews and surveys of female RMG workers to analyze their views on the sources of disputes and how disputes could be better resolved. The findings could help develop guidelines to reduce disputes and strengthen the sustainable development of Bangladesh's important RMG industry.
The document summarizes the textile industry in Bangladesh, including its history, current state, and future opportunities and challenges. It notes that Bangladesh currently has over 4,800 garment factories and exports over $20 billion worth of garments annually, accounting for 78% of the country's total exports. However, it mainly produces low-cost basic items and lags behind competitors in product diversification. The document discusses new technologies that could be applied to textiles, such as smart textiles that change properties in response to environmental conditions. It predicts Bangladesh's garment exports will triple in size over the next 10 years if it focuses on innovation, but will need to develop more advanced and fashion-oriented products to strengthen its industry.
This document provides information about a research proposal on the ready-made garment (RMG) sector in Bangladesh. Specifically, it aims to analyze the relationship between labor efficiencies, entrepreneurial strategies, and meeting consignment deadlines at Epyllion Textile Ltd. The document outlines the research background, problem, objectives, rationale, scope, literature review, methodology, and plans for data analysis and ensuring validity and reliability. It seeks to address a gap in understanding how labor efficiency and management strategies impact meeting deadlines in Bangladesh's important RMG industry.
final international economics report submitAtifa Mahmoodi
Bangladesh's textile industry has grown significantly since moving to a free trade regime in 2005. The removal of quotas allowed Bangladesh to increase exports, doubling the number of garment factories and textile jobs between 2004 and 2008. US retailers sourcing from low-cost countries such as Bangladesh benefits both parties through increased Bangladeshi exports and employment as well as lower costs and profits for retailers. However, concerns remain regarding working conditions in Bangladeshi factories and potential threats to the industry's growth from infrastructure issues and potential declines in demand due to ethics concerns.
The document summarizes a study on competitiveness in Bangladesh's garment and textiles industry. It discusses:
1) How external trade rules and international buyers have influenced domestic reforms in Bangladesh to improve competitiveness after quotas were phased out.
2) Stakeholders' changing perceptions of what factors are important for competitiveness, from survival to maintaining market share to future growth.
3) The study's findings that productivity, government policy changes, buyers continuing to source from Bangladesh, and improving factory capacity and working conditions were seen as key to the industry's competitiveness.
The readymade garments industry is the backbone of Bangladesh's economy, fetching billions in export earnings and employing millions of workers. While it has brought much economic growth, the Tazreen Fashions and Rana Plaza factory accidents highlighted issues with workplace safety. To further develop the industry, efforts must be made to enhance Chittagong port efficiency, improve truck transportation between Dhaka and Chittagong, expand exports to new markets like the EU and India, and ensure safe working conditions. The Texapp organization aims to bring the textile industry together to launch a Vision 2021 plan to help Bangladesh achieve middle-income status by focusing on continuous improvements across the sector.
The document provides an intensive report on the garments industry in Bangladesh. It discusses the industry's growth over the past 25 years from a negligible sector to a $6 billion industry that employs over 1 million people. The garments industry has significantly contributed to Bangladesh's economic growth and development by making up around 75% of total export earnings and 13% of GDP. However, the industry also faces challenges such as safety issues, reliance on foreign markets, and vulnerability to external economic shocks. Moving forward, the report recommends further developing the industry through market and product diversification to reduce risks.
This document summarizes a study on the determinants of success and failure of entrepreneurs of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Bangladesh. The study aims to identify factors that contribute to entrepreneur success, as well as factors that influence entrepreneur failure. It hypothesizes 10 factors that may contribute to success, including willingness to succeed and maintaining close tabs on finances. It also hypothesizes 18 factors that may lead to failure, such as inadequate funding, raw material issues, and poor management. The study collected primary data from 23 entrepreneurs of SMEs in Bangladesh to analyze the factors.
Garments Industry of Bangladesh Economynusratjahan56
The garments industry is Bangladesh's largest export industry, employing over 2 million workers. It has experienced rapid growth since the late 1970s and now accounts for approximately 80% of Bangladesh's total exports and 13% of GDP. However, working conditions in the industry are harsh, with long hours, low wages that are often unpaid, and few workplace protections. Expanding textile education and training programs could help increase productivity and skills in the industry while reducing unemployment, but continued efforts are needed to improve conditions for garments workers.
A presentation of Situation of Bangladesh Garments Industry was presented for a partial requirements of Micro Economics course.
And all credits goes to my group mates.
This document summarizes labour relations in India. It discusses key topics like the actors in the Indian labour system (government, employees, employers), important labour laws, major trade unions, current issues (strikes, child labour, migrant workers), and implications for managers. Some key points are:
- Labour relations are highly dependent on a country's governance and laws.
- India has a large unorganized workforce of around 90% and rigid labour laws that are challenges.
- Major trade unions aim to improve conditions for workers but are not well unified.
- Issues include many days lost to strikes, high rates of child labour, and poor conditions for migrant workers.
- Labour disputes can negatively impact company production, efficiency
This document summarizes a research paper about improving labor productivity in India's apparel industry. It discusses how the apparel industry contributes significantly to India's GDP and exports. While labor costs are low in India, labor productivity is negatively impacted by issues like labor strikes, lack of training, and outdated technology. The researchers administered surveys to apparel companies to analyze factors affecting labor productivity and identify ways to improve it, such as providing more skills training to workers. The study aims to provide recommendations to enhance labor productivity in the important apparel manufacturing sector.
Comprehensive Project On Apparel IndustryHetal Bhatt
The document provides an introduction and overview of the apparel industry. It discusses the global and Indian markets for apparel, key players in the industry, and distribution channels. Research methods used to study the industry are also mentioned, including Porter's Five Forces analysis, SWOT analysis, PESTLE analysis, and case studies of major companies. The document contains an executive summary and table of contents outlining the various sections of the report on the apparel industry.
Working environment of RMG sector in bangladeshMahfuz Islam
The document summarizes a presentation on the working environment of the ready-made garments (RMG) sector in Bangladesh. It includes an introduction stating that the RMG sector is the largest export earner in Bangladesh. It then lists the objectives, contents, methodology, and key factors influencing the RMG sector. Findings from surveys found issues like lack of worker training, poor air circulation, and inadequate transportation. Recommendations include more audits, safety training, improved facilities, and following industry standards to create a healthier working environment.
Comparative study of compliant & non compliant RMGAzmir Latif Beg
The ready-made garment (RMG) industry of Bangladesh started in the late 1970s and became a prominent player in the economy within a short period of time. The industry has contributed to export earnings, foreign exchange earnings, employment creation, poverty alleviation and the empowerment of women. The export-quota system and the availability of cheap labor are the two main reasons behind the success of the industry.
This document provides an overview of the textile industry in India, with a focus on the handloom sector. It discusses how colonial contact disrupted previously integrated processes like spinning and weaving. The establishment of textile mills in Britain led to India's decline as a player in world trade from the 1820s onward. India was used as a supplier of raw cotton for British manufacturers. The growth of the mill sector in India from the early 20th century onward increased competition for handlooms and their dependence on mill-spun yarn. Various commissions and reports from the 1920s-1940s highlighted the problems facing handloom weavers and the need to regulate the growth of mills and support handlooms
1950 was the beginning of RMG in the Western world. In order to control the level of imported RMG products from developing countries into developed countries, the Multi Fibre Agreement (MFA) was made in 1974. In the early 1980s Bangladesh started receiving investment in the RMG sector,then there was about 50 factories.At present more than 4000 garment factory available in Bangladesh.
Female workers in industrial enterprises in Vietnam account for a relatively high proportion and tend
to increase yearly. Low income, low education, and low labor productivity are listed as main reasons of low life
quality. Evaluation living standard of female workers, especially income and affecting factors is the key to find
solutions to improve the quality of their life. This paper presents results of the study on income assessment to built
a model to identify factors affecting income of female workers in industrial enterprises in Thai Nguyen province,
Vietnam. Working grade, number of training time per year, productivity, and position are found affecting factors
on their income. The results of this empirical work are suggestions for policy makers to find possible solutions to
improve living standard of female workers through income policy.
The ready made garment industry in Bangladesh started contributing significantly to the economy in the late 1970s and has since grown at a rate of around 22% per year. It now accounts for 13% of Bangladesh's GDP and employs over 1.5 million workers, most of whom are women. While the industry has brought economic opportunities, it faces challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, high raw material costs, and political instability that could threaten its continued growth.
This document introduces RMG, a marketing company with 80 in-house staff and expert data and digital printing teams. It provides market research, direct marketing, and marketing solutions services. RMG works with commercial, charity, and public/private sector clients. Testimonials from past clients praise RMG's professional, efficient, and high-quality services.
This document provides a summary of a strategic human resource planning report for Afroze Company. It begins with acknowledging those who contributed to the report. It then includes an executive summary that overviews the company's HR planning process and highlights sections on the company's strategy, history, labor market, and HR planning model. The full report analyzes Afroze Textiles' strategic HR planning process, including their mission, values, products, competition, and environmental scanning practices. It describes the company's strategic HR planning model and how it aligns individual and corporate goals.
The document summarizes the textile industry in Bangladesh, including its history, current state, and future opportunities and challenges. It notes that Bangladesh currently has over 4,800 garment factories and exports over $20 billion worth of garments annually, accounting for 78% of the country's total exports. However, it mainly produces low-cost basic items and lags behind competitors in product diversification. The document discusses new technologies that could be applied to textiles, such as smart textiles that change properties in response to environmental conditions. It predicts Bangladesh's garment exports will triple in size over the next 10 years if it focuses on innovation, but will need to develop more advanced and fashion-oriented products to strengthen its industry.
This document provides information about a research proposal on the ready-made garment (RMG) sector in Bangladesh. Specifically, it aims to analyze the relationship between labor efficiencies, entrepreneurial strategies, and meeting consignment deadlines at Epyllion Textile Ltd. The document outlines the research background, problem, objectives, rationale, scope, literature review, methodology, and plans for data analysis and ensuring validity and reliability. It seeks to address a gap in understanding how labor efficiency and management strategies impact meeting deadlines in Bangladesh's important RMG industry.
final international economics report submitAtifa Mahmoodi
Bangladesh's textile industry has grown significantly since moving to a free trade regime in 2005. The removal of quotas allowed Bangladesh to increase exports, doubling the number of garment factories and textile jobs between 2004 and 2008. US retailers sourcing from low-cost countries such as Bangladesh benefits both parties through increased Bangladeshi exports and employment as well as lower costs and profits for retailers. However, concerns remain regarding working conditions in Bangladeshi factories and potential threats to the industry's growth from infrastructure issues and potential declines in demand due to ethics concerns.
The document summarizes a study on competitiveness in Bangladesh's garment and textiles industry. It discusses:
1) How external trade rules and international buyers have influenced domestic reforms in Bangladesh to improve competitiveness after quotas were phased out.
2) Stakeholders' changing perceptions of what factors are important for competitiveness, from survival to maintaining market share to future growth.
3) The study's findings that productivity, government policy changes, buyers continuing to source from Bangladesh, and improving factory capacity and working conditions were seen as key to the industry's competitiveness.
The readymade garments industry is the backbone of Bangladesh's economy, fetching billions in export earnings and employing millions of workers. While it has brought much economic growth, the Tazreen Fashions and Rana Plaza factory accidents highlighted issues with workplace safety. To further develop the industry, efforts must be made to enhance Chittagong port efficiency, improve truck transportation between Dhaka and Chittagong, expand exports to new markets like the EU and India, and ensure safe working conditions. The Texapp organization aims to bring the textile industry together to launch a Vision 2021 plan to help Bangladesh achieve middle-income status by focusing on continuous improvements across the sector.
The document provides an intensive report on the garments industry in Bangladesh. It discusses the industry's growth over the past 25 years from a negligible sector to a $6 billion industry that employs over 1 million people. The garments industry has significantly contributed to Bangladesh's economic growth and development by making up around 75% of total export earnings and 13% of GDP. However, the industry also faces challenges such as safety issues, reliance on foreign markets, and vulnerability to external economic shocks. Moving forward, the report recommends further developing the industry through market and product diversification to reduce risks.
This document summarizes a study on the determinants of success and failure of entrepreneurs of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Bangladesh. The study aims to identify factors that contribute to entrepreneur success, as well as factors that influence entrepreneur failure. It hypothesizes 10 factors that may contribute to success, including willingness to succeed and maintaining close tabs on finances. It also hypothesizes 18 factors that may lead to failure, such as inadequate funding, raw material issues, and poor management. The study collected primary data from 23 entrepreneurs of SMEs in Bangladesh to analyze the factors.
Garments Industry of Bangladesh Economynusratjahan56
The garments industry is Bangladesh's largest export industry, employing over 2 million workers. It has experienced rapid growth since the late 1970s and now accounts for approximately 80% of Bangladesh's total exports and 13% of GDP. However, working conditions in the industry are harsh, with long hours, low wages that are often unpaid, and few workplace protections. Expanding textile education and training programs could help increase productivity and skills in the industry while reducing unemployment, but continued efforts are needed to improve conditions for garments workers.
A presentation of Situation of Bangladesh Garments Industry was presented for a partial requirements of Micro Economics course.
And all credits goes to my group mates.
This document summarizes labour relations in India. It discusses key topics like the actors in the Indian labour system (government, employees, employers), important labour laws, major trade unions, current issues (strikes, child labour, migrant workers), and implications for managers. Some key points are:
- Labour relations are highly dependent on a country's governance and laws.
- India has a large unorganized workforce of around 90% and rigid labour laws that are challenges.
- Major trade unions aim to improve conditions for workers but are not well unified.
- Issues include many days lost to strikes, high rates of child labour, and poor conditions for migrant workers.
- Labour disputes can negatively impact company production, efficiency
This document summarizes a research paper about improving labor productivity in India's apparel industry. It discusses how the apparel industry contributes significantly to India's GDP and exports. While labor costs are low in India, labor productivity is negatively impacted by issues like labor strikes, lack of training, and outdated technology. The researchers administered surveys to apparel companies to analyze factors affecting labor productivity and identify ways to improve it, such as providing more skills training to workers. The study aims to provide recommendations to enhance labor productivity in the important apparel manufacturing sector.
Comprehensive Project On Apparel IndustryHetal Bhatt
The document provides an introduction and overview of the apparel industry. It discusses the global and Indian markets for apparel, key players in the industry, and distribution channels. Research methods used to study the industry are also mentioned, including Porter's Five Forces analysis, SWOT analysis, PESTLE analysis, and case studies of major companies. The document contains an executive summary and table of contents outlining the various sections of the report on the apparel industry.
Working environment of RMG sector in bangladeshMahfuz Islam
The document summarizes a presentation on the working environment of the ready-made garments (RMG) sector in Bangladesh. It includes an introduction stating that the RMG sector is the largest export earner in Bangladesh. It then lists the objectives, contents, methodology, and key factors influencing the RMG sector. Findings from surveys found issues like lack of worker training, poor air circulation, and inadequate transportation. Recommendations include more audits, safety training, improved facilities, and following industry standards to create a healthier working environment.
Comparative study of compliant & non compliant RMGAzmir Latif Beg
The ready-made garment (RMG) industry of Bangladesh started in the late 1970s and became a prominent player in the economy within a short period of time. The industry has contributed to export earnings, foreign exchange earnings, employment creation, poverty alleviation and the empowerment of women. The export-quota system and the availability of cheap labor are the two main reasons behind the success of the industry.
This document provides an overview of the textile industry in India, with a focus on the handloom sector. It discusses how colonial contact disrupted previously integrated processes like spinning and weaving. The establishment of textile mills in Britain led to India's decline as a player in world trade from the 1820s onward. India was used as a supplier of raw cotton for British manufacturers. The growth of the mill sector in India from the early 20th century onward increased competition for handlooms and their dependence on mill-spun yarn. Various commissions and reports from the 1920s-1940s highlighted the problems facing handloom weavers and the need to regulate the growth of mills and support handlooms
1950 was the beginning of RMG in the Western world. In order to control the level of imported RMG products from developing countries into developed countries, the Multi Fibre Agreement (MFA) was made in 1974. In the early 1980s Bangladesh started receiving investment in the RMG sector,then there was about 50 factories.At present more than 4000 garment factory available in Bangladesh.
Female workers in industrial enterprises in Vietnam account for a relatively high proportion and tend
to increase yearly. Low income, low education, and low labor productivity are listed as main reasons of low life
quality. Evaluation living standard of female workers, especially income and affecting factors is the key to find
solutions to improve the quality of their life. This paper presents results of the study on income assessment to built
a model to identify factors affecting income of female workers in industrial enterprises in Thai Nguyen province,
Vietnam. Working grade, number of training time per year, productivity, and position are found affecting factors
on their income. The results of this empirical work are suggestions for policy makers to find possible solutions to
improve living standard of female workers through income policy.
The ready made garment industry in Bangladesh started contributing significantly to the economy in the late 1970s and has since grown at a rate of around 22% per year. It now accounts for 13% of Bangladesh's GDP and employs over 1.5 million workers, most of whom are women. While the industry has brought economic opportunities, it faces challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, high raw material costs, and political instability that could threaten its continued growth.
This document introduces RMG, a marketing company with 80 in-house staff and expert data and digital printing teams. It provides market research, direct marketing, and marketing solutions services. RMG works with commercial, charity, and public/private sector clients. Testimonials from past clients praise RMG's professional, efficient, and high-quality services.
This document provides a summary of a strategic human resource planning report for Afroze Company. It begins with acknowledging those who contributed to the report. It then includes an executive summary that overviews the company's HR planning process and highlights sections on the company's strategy, history, labor market, and HR planning model. The full report analyzes Afroze Textiles' strategic HR planning process, including their mission, values, products, competition, and environmental scanning practices. It describes the company's strategic HR planning model and how it aligns individual and corporate goals.
Practice of E-Recruitment (Human Resource Management) in RMG Sector.Muhammad Rahat
In recent, years RMG sector is biggest earner of foreign currency in Bangladesh. This sector has experienced an exponential growth since the 1980s. The sector contributes significantly to the GDP. It also provides employment to around 4.2 million Bangladeshis. This has affected the social status of many people coming from low income families. It is the only multi-billion-dollar manufacturing and export industry in Bangladesh. The country’s garments industry grew by more than 15 percent per annum on average during last 15 years. On the other hand, the term “Human resource” is a broad concept. Its meaning is the management of an organization's employees. While human resource management is sometimes referred to as a "soft" management skill, effective practice within an organization requires a strategic focus to ensure that people resources can facilitate the achievement of organizational goals. The Bangladesh RMG sector appointed a qualified person in this sector. They are recruiting in different reliable source. Many of Bangladeshi E-Recruitment agencies provide a qualified person.
The internet, which reaches a large number of people and can get immediate feedback has become the major source of potential job candidates and well known as online recruitment or E-recruitment. However, it may generate many unqualified candidates and may not increase the diversity and mix of employees.
A001321289 Strategic Human Resource DevelopmentGareth Noble
Netflix takes an unconventional approach to strategic human resource development (SHRD) that focuses on attracting talented individuals and fostering self-directed, generative learning. While Netflix does not provide formal training programs, it has created a culture that encourages innovation and learning. Netflix evaluates employees based on their ongoing skills and contributions rather than prioritizing job security. Though controversial, Netflix's SHRD approach has supported its success in a rapidly changing industry by helping attract skilled employees and enabling continuous organizational adaptation through learning.
HBL Acquisition Privatization - Managing Employee Resistance HRMASAD ALI
This document presents a case study of the strategic human resource development challenges faced by HBL during its acquisition and privatization. It describes how HBL transitioned from an employee-oriented culture during its origins in the 1950s-1960s to a bureaucratic culture after nationalization. In the 1990s, increased competition and financial sector restructuring led to HBL's acquisition by AKFED in 2004. This triggered major change management challenges, as the new private management had to overcome employee resistance to restructure HBL's processes and culture. Key strategies used included employee negotiations, communication of change rationale, building trust, and establishing good governance. While resistance persisted among middle management, the changes achieved positive outcomes like profitability, leaner
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1. International Journal of Business and Management Invention
ISSN (Online): 2319 – 8028, ISSN (Print): 2319 – 801X
www.ijbmi.org Volume 3 Issue 4 || April. 2014 || PP.52-66
www.ijbmi.org 52 | Page
Conflict Between Workers And Organization In RMG Sector
Where Security Of Sustainable Human Resource Development:(A
Study On Dhaka City,Bangladesh)
Md.Sirajul Islam1
,Md.Omar Faruk2
,Razia Khatun3
, Md.Esfaqur
Rahman4
.
1
Assistant Registrar, Architecture Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh.
2
Assistant Director, Bangladesh Bank(Central Bank of Bangladesh),Khulna,Bangladesh.
3
Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology
(KUET), Khulna-9203, Bangladesh.
4
Lecturer, Architecture Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh.
ABSTRACT: Conflict is an inevitable part of human existence. Conflict occurs within an individual’s,
between individuals among and within groups or individuals and between societies and nations. In recent years,
labor conflict in RMG sector of Bangladesh has been a matter of serious concern. However, recent incident of
RMG sector is occurring the conflict between management and workers reason of low compensation. Moreover,
the present study is designed to unearth the causes of labor conflict in RMG sector of Bangladesh. The major
causes of labor conflict have been explored from the responses of the respondents. Besides, the study also
identified causes of poor participation in decision making, absence of willingness of the management, absence
of labor union activities, lack of workforce diversity, irregularities in payment, low wage, mistreatment of the
workers by managers/officers, rumor, conspiracy, non-execution of labor laws, unruly nature of the workers
and political intervention. Furthermore, the researcher suggested most of the HRD factors have to be improved
in the RMG sector of Bangladesh for taking competitive advantage in world market.
KEYWORDS: Conflict, Low wage, Sustainable, Human Resource Development, RMG sector.
1. INTRODUCTION:
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY:
Conflict Management and Negotiation is a part of management that concern with people at work and their conflict within the
organization. Conflict is the natural disagreement resulting from individuals, groups and organizations. Conflict originates
past rivalries and personality differences. Conflict is held at several plateaus such as individuals, groups or even nations.
Conflicts have viewed from the micro and macro perspectives. Conflict management is the process of understanding analysis
and resolution problems. The focus of all aspects of Conflict Management is on people and reduces the most conflict in
workforce so that the organization and individual employees can achieve their work goals by minimizing their conflicts.
RMG Sector has concerned with people conflict and their work place related conflicts within the organization.
The export-oriented apparel industry of Bangladesh, popularly known as readymade garment (RMG) or simply the garment
industry occupies a unique position in economy of Bangladesh. It is the largest exporting industry, which experienced a
phenomenal growth during the last three decades. By taking advantage of cheap labor and quota-based market in the USA
and EU under the provision of Multi Fiber Arrangement (MFA) of GATT, it attained a high profile in terms of economic
growth of the country. The industry started its modest journey in late 1970s and enjoyed a meteoric rise from 30 enterprises
in 1980 increased to 4825 in 20081. Average growth rate of this sector was over 20% per over the last two decades. This
single sector alone earns about 80% of yearly foreign exchange of the country. Its contribution to GDP reaches 13% in fiscal
year 2009-2010. Since independence, no single sector could accelerate the industrialization process in the country as the
RMG sector could do. It has created employment opportunity for about 3.5 million people. Most of them are uneducated and
unskilled. About 80% of them are women. To a creditable extent, it has been able to relieve the country from the burden of
unemployment and at the same time contribute to the empowerment of women. Thus this sector is playing a vital role in
socioeconomic development of the country.
But this sector is struggling with a number of problems. Conflict between owners and workers, labor unrest, shortage of gas
and electricity, poor infrastructure, poor port facility, lead time complexities, conspiracy of home and abroad, advancing
competitors in the quota free international market are some of them which are posing a great threat to its survival. In recent
time, labor unrest in the RMG sector has been a matter of serious concern.Almost every day electronic and print media
cover news of labor unrest in RMG sector in one place or another across the country. Fixing new minimum
wage for the garment workers and issue of implementing the new wage structure have been the prime causes of
recent labor unrests across the country. The unrest takes shape of violence and vandalism. The agitated workers
come to the street and go storming on vehicles and garment factories. The attacked factory is declared closed;
2. Conflict Between Workers And Organization…
www.ijbmi.org 53 | Page
many labor leaders are arrested, many workers lose jobs or suffer from uncertainty; losing interest in the
uncertainty, the international buyers cancel their orders and divert to another market. The industry comes to a
deadlock situation.
The growth of RMG sector in Bangladesh is amazing one and it has been possible mainly because of hard work
of labor-force. Rashid, (2010) observes, “It is a story of success, of winning against all odds. It is a story of a
nation, which has vowed to overcome all the barriers with limited resources and immense passion. It is not a
story of "Veni Vidi Vici2
."Rather, it is a tale of toil, a tale of rising, of starting small and finally finding glory”.
But this glory is being diminished day by day due to labor unrest in this sector. This study is designed to unearth
the causes of labor unrest and search the areas where Public-Private Partnership can work to address the
problem.
Therefore, the study has drawn on “Conflict between Workers and Organization in RMG Sector where Security
of Sustainable Human Resource Development:(A Study on Dhaka City, Bangladesh)”models of appropriate
situation initiatives for the purposes of increasing the knowledge base and amplification the capacity to develop
or improve the existing programs in this area. Finally, our main objective is to investigate the aspects of HRD
processes and outcomes to evaluations the effectiveness of the HR unit in case of achieving the organization
goal.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEB:
Readymade garments were started in the economic year 1976-1977 to contribute in the Bangladesh economy.
For that time Bangladesh was exported only 98,000 tk ready made garments. But In the year 1992-1993,
Bangladesh was income 4819.27tk cores to export readymade garments. For that time there were 600 to 700
garments in Bangladesh of the year 1982-1983. The amount of garments is increased in 5000 garments. The
garments sectors are developed day by day. It is our promising sectors to give more income by the export
from Bangladesh to others country. But, it is frightening news for our country that this leading industry is
now passing through crucial moments. Recent continuing conflict situation in different garment factories
creates the threats to its existence. Since one year, the workers of RMG in different industries have been
creating violence in the form of processions, vandalism, blockading the road to hike their minimum wage,
attendance bonus and to ensure other facilities. These are the common scenario of the garments factories of
Savar, Ashulia, Mirpur, Shymali, Tejgaon Industrial Area.In the last year, about 140 garments factories were
closed due to conflict accompanied by the crisis of power and gas, price hike of yarn, poor infrastructure, and
low price offers from international buyers amid increased production cost. These are the main reasons for the
shutdown in the production factory.
Whatever the situation, the authority will have to find out the path of solution to be some observers attribute it to
rising prices of essentials; unpaid salaries; absence of responsible trade unions and good relations between
workers and owners; misbehavior of mid-level officials; and deferred payments to workers. However,Some
RMG entrepreneurs blame the administrative failures of the government; "conspiracy" from outside and careless
implementation of law and order. There are also allegations that a vested group is behind the violence. Very
often, the agitating workers are aided by mysterious outsiders. There is no denying that a fairly widespread
undercurrent of discontent does exist among the workers.
Moreover, solving labor Conflict in the RMG sector requires a collective effort. The root causes of unrest are to
be explored. If private sectors (garment factory owners, managers, workers, BGMEA, workers‟ association,
members of civil society organizations, NGO activists) with their firsthand knowledge and experience work
together with the public bodies, solution of this problem is possible.
In fcact,the study provides a methodology for such problems.Workers are the important part of any
organization.So,conflicts reduce between Organization and workers and create good relationship between
them.Therefore,to follow this RMG sector are expected to play a key role in national economic and industrial
activities in Bangladesh.
1.3 RATIONALITY OF THE STUDY:
Readymade garments,for the last couple of decades, have been the lifeline of Bangladesh‟s
economy(Uddin,M.S.and Jahed,M.A.,2007).At last the count,the sector accounted for nearly 80 percent of
export earning that drives the economy further forward and it also provides jobs for hundreds of thousands of
semi-skilled workers,mostly,who in turn provide livelihood for millions(Uddin,M.S.and Jahed,M.A.,2007).But
the learning fact is that Bangladesh‟s garments exports were down as political turmoil and labor Conflict
wreaked havoc on the sector, which is crucial to the impoverished nation‟s economy.The industry‟s immediate
response was to allege instigation by political conspiracy or international competition.The answer does not lie in
merely apportioning blame to the external actors or seeking hidden clues,but the reason may be deeply rooted in
the owner-labor relations.It was assumed that the negotiating agents could not reduce the gaps between the
3. Conflict Between Workers And Organization…
www.ijbmi.org 54 | Page
workers and the owners in most of the affected industries as trade unionism was virtually absent.None of the
studies has been done so far about the issue.
A good number of researches have been done on various issues ranging from gender discrimination to impact of
globalization in garment industry of Bangladesh. But no research is conducted on public–private cooperation
approach to solve labor conflict. In this respect, this study is new one. Therefore, it is very significant to find out
the real fact behind the role of labor union in the recent conflict to evaluate the necessary of labor union to
reduce the risk of labor conflict.In this context, the research work is more important one.
1.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:
Objective of the Study that are selected are listed below:
1. To identify the causes of labor Conflict in RMG sector of Bangladesh
2. To identify Identifying causes of Conflict Physical Problem in RMG sector of Bangladesh.
3. To identify the motivation system to the workers in RMG sector.
4. To identify Monthly income of workers where causes of conflict against management system.
5. To identify the Educational Status and Skill level and salary system for the workers of garment
industry
6. To identify the human resource Development activities in the readymade garments industry of
Bangladesh;
7. To recommend some guidelines to ensure sustainable human resource Development in RMG sector of
Bangladesh.
1.5 HYPOTHESIS OF THE STUDY:
H1: Satisfy the existing wages of RMG sector.
H2: No Satisfy the existing wages of RMG sector.
H3: To pay the Sufficient money for workers of RMG sector.
H4: No pay the sufficient money for workers of RMG sector.
H5: Enough facility of motivation activities for garments workers of RMG sector.
H6 :No enough facility of motivation activities for garments workers of RMG sector.
H7 : No sufficient salary for workers of RMG sector.
H8 : Sufficient salary for workers of RMG sector.
H9 : Skill workers are available but don‟t get sufficient salary of RMG sector.
H10 : No Skill workers are available but get sufficient salary of RMG sector.
H11 : Human resource development status activities is enough of RMG sector.
H12 : Human resource development status activities is not enough of RMG sector.
1.6 METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY:
The sample of the study consisted 50 workers from five selected garment factories situated in Dhaka city.Both
Primary and secondary sources were used in this study.Primary data was collected through a structed
questionnaire and secondary data were collected by internet,journal,articles etc.
1.7 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY:
Since the study concentrates only on handful organizations, findings may not give the accurate and total picture
of all organizations. Besides, no human resources development implementation of RMG in Dhaka city. In every
study or work, naturally there prevail some obstacles which can be termed as limitations. In the same way, some
limitations had been faced of RMG in Bangladesh. The limitations can be stated as follows:
The scope of the study is so wide and vast that it requires comprehensive and in depth study. But limited time
was a great constraint in doing. Sufficient time was not allowed that was required to serve this purpose.
Sufficient data were not collected for preparing research paper.
1.8 REVIEW OF LITERATURE:
As garment industry is a leading sector in Bangladesh economy and labor unrest is a burning issue at present, a
good number of books, reports, articles and publications of different organizations are available. In course of
conducting this thesis, a number of literatures in this regard have been reviewed.
Siddiqi (2004) in his book „The Readymade Garment Industry of Bangladesh‟ discusses the importance of
RMG industry in the national economy and notes, the RMG industry has become so important that the future of
the economy of Bangladesh is greatly dependent on this single sector. Any slowdown in this sector will slow
down the economic progress of Bangladesh. He analyses the strength and weakness of RMG industry of
Bangladesh and suggests how to ensure its better future in the context of changing global apparel market. He
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explains why the problems caused by the phasing out of MFA will continue to be a matter of great concern. He
argues that the industry would survive and be able to thrive in the post-MFA era if appropriate strategies on
capacity building through backward and forward linkages, cost reduction, market diversification, product
differentiation, infrastructural development, reduction of lead time etc are implemented. To substantiate his
position, he draws insights from the experience of many countries. However, issue of labor unrest in this sector
has not been discussed.
Jakir, (2010) observes long-standing deprivation of basic human needs often force the garment workers to
follow the path of violence. He states, the living condition of RMG workers is worse than that of prisoners in
Bangladesh. According to The Jail Code of 1920, livelihood requirements are decided for the prisoners confined
in different jails of Bangladesh. According to the current TCB price index for Dhaka city, the minimum cost of
food items prescribed for a prisoner is Tk. 52.39 per day. The market price for the allocated amount of food for
the prisoner is Tk. 1,571.70 per month. If the daily allotment of food amount is calculated for an average family
in Bangladesh, it means the family would require Tk. 7,544.16 to have access to the same level of food items
that are allotted to be consumed by every under-trial prisoner. This implies that the current minimum wage
structure of the RMG sector is still below the cost of food for prisoners in different jails, writes Jakir. He also
points that, „in recent years, in the face of unusual price hike, the government initiated special social security
programs for rural workers. According to the program, considering the standard of daily wages of day laborers
at Tk. 150 per day, their monthly wage stands at Tk.4,500. Furthermore, while the productivity of the garment
workers is more than that of the public-sector entry-level workers, the minimum wage of the workers of a
similar level in state-owned industries denotes sheer inequality among the same group of people plying the same
type of job in the country.
Sultan (2010) says, from the total net profit, only 30 per cent is being spent on the workers whereas around 50
per cent is spent on workers' wages in other countries. He further notes, „in our country, people do not pay heed
to any movement unless you come out to the roads.The same happened in the case of the garment workers. They
were facing severe problems and unless they came out on to the roads, no one would have taken their problems
seriously.‟
Fahmida and Moazzem (2007) suggest a number of factors need to be considered while fixing the minimum
wage of industrial workers. These are : i) workers‟ minimum requirement for decent living; ii) enterprise‟s
capacity to adjust with the additional cost originating from the rise in wage; iii) consideration of the wage
structure of similar types of industrial sectors; and iv) adjustment of the wage with country‟s economic
development.
A CPD research entitled “Bangladesh Apparel Sector in Post-MFA Era: A Study on the Ongoing Restructuring
Process” notes, there is a need for a continuing dialogue between workers and management, particularly in view
of changing employment composition and new types of demands. Management of RMG enterprises should take
necessary and prompt measures in case any misconduct with workers is reported. There should be a proper
mechanism for placement and addressing of worker‟s complaint at factory level. Enterprises, in a position to do
so, should appoint a “grievance officer” to deal with factory level misconducts. Labor relations is likely to
become crucially important in near future and RMG enterprises must accord due attention to this.
Shahiduzzaman (2010), notes in absence of an appropriate formal channel to air grievances and seek redress, the
only avenues open to the RMG workers are street protest, picketing, or gherao3 of a manager's office or a
factory. So far, the government has largely left the RMG sector to such devices. Most garment factories do not
follow the labor law and ILO conventions. The Labor Act, 2006 clearly stipulates that the wages of a worker
must be paid within seven workings days of the completion of the stipulated wage period. This is not followed
in practice. In addition, some of the factories do not provide appointment letters, identity cards and service
books.Based on a survey conducted by BIDS, Majumder and Begum (2006) show the gender differentiated
socio-economic impacts in the export-oriented garment industry of Bangladesh. They found that women‟s
employment in the export-oriented garment industry of Bangladesh has narrowed down the gender gap in many
spheres like employment, income, social prestige, control over income, decision-making etc. At the same time,
women‟s employment has widened the gender gap in other spheres such as health, social security etc. Tension
and ambivalence are also more prevalent among female workers than their male counterpart. They also found
that occupational segregation and gender discrimination in wage rate was wide. „Women cannot reap the full
potential of their employment if the gender imbalances are not addressed‟, they observed.
Ali,(2010) observes the adverse impact of labor unrest in national economy of Bangladesh.He states, during last
one year, ownership of about 40 large scale garment factories has been handed over to the foreigners and
ownership of about 100 factories is under process of handing over. This is happening under intensive
supervision of high officials of factories who are responsible for widening the gap between the owners and
workers.
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Umar, (2010) notes that low wage and sub-standard living condition are major causes of labor unrest in the
readymade garment industry of Bangladesh. He states, those who can take proper food and live in better
environment can contribute more to the production than those are deprived of these. In respect of wage and
living standard, the garment workers of Bangladesh lag far behind of those of China, Sri Lanka and Vietnam.
Yet production is high in Bangladesh. The owners of garment factories should take it into consideration. He
further points out another cause of labor unrest in the readymade garment industry of Bangladesh which is
workers‟ lack of feeling of ownership. How can they feel an organization where they are valued only for their
work, where their job is not secure, where they have no right to say anything in any matter?
The present study on “Conflict between Workers and Organization in RMG Sector where Security of
Sustainable Human Resource Development:(A Study on Dhaka City, Bangladesh)”may identifies the extent of
Gender discrimination, working environment, conspiracy, wage, owner-worker relations, life-standard and
socio-economic condition of the garment workers especially of women workers are the major issue of study in
the field of RMG industry of Bangladesh. However, causes of labor Conflict and its impact on national economy
have been focused in many studies and HRD practices in RMG sectors of Bangladesh in workers motivation and
organizational performance.
2. MATERIALS AND METHOD:
2.1 SAMPLING DESIGN:
Under this report we consider all sorts Conflict between Workers and Organization in RMG Sector of
Dhaka city. It bases on the information provided by the workers of 5 major garment factories of the city to find
out the related factors to meet the organizational goals are developed in workers. However, for preparing this
study we mainly depend on primary data which was collected through direct survey. We developed a
questionnaire which consisted of questions and mainly focusing on Conflict between Workers and Organization
and strategic human resource management practices in RMG sector of Bangladesh specially in Dhaka region.
Therefore, Data was collected from employees of different garments in Dhaka city. We took different type of
workers (Male and Female) randomly who work in different garments in the city. Our sample size was 50. The
survey is conducted through face to face interview. Our study findings come out by analyzing these primary
data.
2.2 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS:
Finally, I have solved the solution with equation of Arithmetic Mean, Grand Mean, Standard Deviation,
Hypothesis test.
(1) Arithmetic Mean, ------------------------------------------------(1)
Or,
(2) Grand Mean, ------------------------------------------------------(2)
(3) Standard Deviation, -----------------------------(3)
(4) --------------------------------------------------------------------(4)
(5) Z -------------------------------------------------------------------(5)
Hypothesis Test Z ---------------------------------------------------(6)
At 10% Level of Significance
Null hypothesis: : = Conflict between workers and Organization in RMG Sector.
Alternative hypothesis:Ha : No Conflict between workers and Organization in RMG Sector.
2.3 DATA PROCESSING:
The collected data is presented through tables and figures. Here we have used for presenting data and
using statistical tools like Mean, Standard Deviation, Normal distribution chart (Z-test), analysis are used. For
normal distribution analysis we are taking 95% confidence at 10% level of significance.
3. ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS:
3.1: Identifying Poor Attendence for Low Wages of Job satisfaction of Psychological responses:
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Table-1:Statistical data of Poor Attendence for Low Wages of Job satisfaction
No of Workers(Male and Female) Frequency of Respondents(f) Percentage
Absence of willingness of the Management 6 12.0
Illiteracy of the workers 8 16.0
Lack of workforce diversity 10 20.0
Absence of Labor Union activities 12 24.0
Political grouping among the workers 14 28.0
Total N=50 100.0
Source: Field Survey,2013
Proof:
X d= X-A
6 -4 -24 576
8 -2 -16 256
10 0 0 0
12 2 24 576
14 4 56 3136
Here,A=10,N=50
(a) = 10.8 (b) =9.4994
Hypothesis Test:
=0.216, =1.343, Z =7.880
Here,
, n=50, 0.216,
At 10% level of significance,
: =Satisfy the existing wages
Ha : No Satisfy the existing wages
We observe that Z=7.880,which is greater than critical value,i.e.1.64<7.88,So the null hypothesis is rejected.
Alternative hypothesis is accepted.
The result shows that most of the respondents of workers have no satisfy the existing wages which were
monthly paid. Therefore, in cases of objective 1 we can conclude that there is no wages properly in RMG sector.
Figure-1 : Percentage of workers respondents
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3.2:Identifying causes of Physiological,Biomedical respondents of Garments Industry:
Table-2:Statistical data of Physiological,Biomedical respondents
Reason of Absence(Male and Female) Frequency of Respondents(f) Percentage
Fever 7 14.0
Diarrhea 9 18.0
Hepatitis 10 20.0
Heartbeat 8 16.0
Peptic Ulcer 5 10.0
Headaches 6 12.0
Hypertension 5 10.0
Total 50 100.0
Source: Field Survey,2013
Proof:
X d= X-A
7 -1 -7 49
9 1 -9 81
10 2 20 400
8 0 0 0
5 3 15 225
6 2 12 144
5 3 15 225
Here,A=8,N=50
(a) = 9.28 (b) =4.567
Hypothesis Test:
=0.1856, =0.645, Z =14.09
Here,
, n=50, 0.1856,
At 10% level of significance,
: = To pay the Sufficient money of the workers.
Ha : No pay the sufficient money of the workers.
We observe that Z=14.09,which is greater than critical value,i.e.1.64<14.09, So the null hypothesis is rejected.
Alternative hypothesis is accepted.
The result shows that most of the respondents of workers have effected on weakness of
Physiological,Biochemical and other diseases and have no sufficient money to treatment .Besides, they do not
attend their job regularly. Moreover, they are not satisfy the existing wages. Therefore, in cases of objective 2
we can conclude that there is no wages properly in RMG sector.
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Figure-2 : Percentage of workers respondents
3.3:Identifying Motivation activities for the workers of garment industry:
Table-3:Statistical data of Motivation activities for the workers
Participation in Activities Frequency of Respondents(f) Percentage
Bonous 11 22.0
Transport facilitity 8 16.0
Canteen facilitity 9 18.0
Medical facilitity 13 26.0
Profit Sharing 9 18.0
Total 50 100.0
Source: Field Survey,2013
Proof:
X d= X-A
11 2 22 484
8 -1 -8 64
9 0 0 0
13 4 52 2704
9 0 0 0
Here,A=9,N=50
(a) = 10.32 (b) = 7.9559
Hypothesis Test:
=0.2064, =1.125, Z =8.989
Here,
, n=50, 0.2064,
At 10% level of significance,
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: = Enough facility of motivation activities for garments workers.
Ha : No enough facility of motivation activities for garments workers.
We observe that Z=8.989,which is greater than critical value,i.e.1.64<8.898, So the null hypothesis is rejected.
Alternative hypothesis is accepted.
The result shows that existing facility in RMG sector is not appropriate.However,there is no enough facility for
workers in garments industry.So organization should upgrading the existing motivation activities. Therefore, in
cases of objective 3 we can conclude that there is no sufficient facilities properly in RMG sector.
Figure-3 : Percentage of workers respondents
3.4:Identifying Monthly income of the workers of garment industry:
Table-4:Statistical data of Monthly income of the workers
Monthly Income Frequency of Respondents(f) Percentage
Below 6000 30 60.0
TK.6000-8000 7 14.0
TK.8000-10000 6 12.0
TK.10000-12000 5 10.0
TK.12000-15000 2 4.0
Total 50 100.0
Source: Field Survey,2013
Proof:
X d= X-A
30 24 720 518400
7 1 7 49
6 0 0 0
5 -1 -5 25
2 -4 -8 64
Here,A=6,N=50
(a) = 20.28 (b) = 100.83
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Hypothesis Test:
=0.4056, =14.259, Z =1.393
Here,
, n=50, 0.4056,
At 10% level of significance,
: = No sufficient salary to the workers.
Ha : Sufficient salary to the workers.
We observe that Z=1.393,which is smaller than critical value,i.e.1.64>1.393,So we accept the Null hypothesis.
Alternative hypothesis is rejected.
The Result Shows that Most of the workers have earned below Tk.6000 which is is not sufficient. So
organization should upgrading the existing Wages system. Therefore, in cases of objective 4 we can conclude
that there is no real wages system of monthly payment properly in RMG sector.
Figure-4 : Percentage of workers respondents
3.5:Identifying Educational Status and Skill level of the workers of garment industry:
Table-5:Statistical data of Educational Status and Skill level of the workers
Educational Status and Skill level Frequency of Respondents(f) Percentage
Below SSC 28 56.0
SSC 6 12.0
HSC 5 10.0
Skilled 7 14.0
Unskilled 4 8.0
Total 50 100.0
Source: Field Survey,2013
Proof:
X d= X-A
28 23 644 414736
6 1 6 36
5 0 0 0
7 2 14 196
4 1 4 16
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Here,A=5,N=50
(a) = 18.36 (b) = 89.233
Hypothesis Test:
=0.3672, =12.619, Z =1.425
Here,
, n=50, 0.3672,
At 10% level of significance,
: = Skill workers are available but don‟t get sufficient salary.
Ha : No Skill workers are available but get sufficient salary.
We observe that Z=1.425,which is smaller than critical value,i.e.1.64>1.425, So we accept the Null hypothesis.
Alternative hypothesis is rejected.
The Result Shows that most of the workers are under SSC and skilled.Though the workers are Skilled but they
were not get sufficient salary and capability in garment industry. So organization should upgrading the existing
Educational status activities and salary system. Therefore, in cases of objective 5 we can conclude that there is
no sufficient Education facilities properly in RMG sector.
Figure-5 : Percentage of workers respondents
3.6:Identifying the evaluation of Human Resource Development in respondents of RMG industries:
Table-6:Statistical data of HR Development of the workers
HRD Factors Frequency of Respondents(f) Percentage
Education 9 18.0
Training 20 40.0
Career Development 6 12.0
Carrier Counseling 4 8.0
Flexible Work arrangement 11 22.0
Total 50 100.0
Source: Field Survey,2013
Proof:
X d= X-A
9 3 27 729
20 14 280 76400
6 0 0 0
4 -2 -8 64
11 5 55 3025
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Here,A=6,N=50
(a) = 13.08 (b) = 39.42
Hypothesis Test:
=0.2616, =5.5748, Z =2.2993
Here,
, n=50, 0.2616,
At 10% level of significance,
: =Human resource development status activities is enough.
Ha : Human resource development status activities is not enough.
We observe that Z=2.2993,which is greater than critical value,i.e.1.64 < 2.2993, So the null hypothesis is
rejected. Alternative hypothesis is accepted.
The Result Shows that the organization provide Education,Training, Carrier Development, Carrier
councelling,Flexible work Arrangement for the workers which is not enough.However,organization should
upgrading the existing HR Development status activities. Therefore, in cases of objective 6 we can conclude that
there is no sufficient HR Development status activities facilities properly in RMG sector.
Figure-6 : Percentage of workers respondents
4. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION:
CONCLUSION:
This study has been conducted to represent the conflict scenarios in the garments and conflicts between the
workers and management in these garments. Low wages of factory workers and a highly unfair distribution of
profits are the main cause of conflict, which are inauspicious and unfavorable for the overall situation of our
country. However,only few motivational activities such as bonus, transport, canteen, medical facility and profit
sharing are used in garment sector for motivating the employees.Moreover,the workers of garments industry
identified causes of poor participation in decision making, such as absence of willingness of the management,
absence of labor union activities, lack of workforce diversity, illiteracy of the workers and political grouping
among the workers. Besides,it is quit impossible to 100% remove but as a HR manager should try to control it
as much as possible. Therefore, the main objective of our research was to establish harmonious relationship by
reducing conflict as much as possible between Organization and workers. Finally, we are so much grateful to
those workers who give us time to conduct our survey.
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RECOMMENDATIONS:
After completion the study we have gathered some practical knowledge about Conflict between Workers and
Organization in RMG Sector. Moreover, we would like to provide some recommendations, which might be
helpful to upgrade Sustainable Human Resource Development of RMG Sector is given below:
1. To minimize conflict between Workers and Organization.
2. Ensuring that workers are paid the new legal minimum wage
3. Ensuring that supplements and bonuses are not lost as a consequence of the new minimum wage
implementation
4. Ensuring that workers are not downgraded or prevented from achieving appropriate pay grades
5. Ensuring that proper wage documentation is provided to workers
6. Reducing excessive overtime
7. Ensuring proper Medical Facility for workers in Garments Industry.
8. Ensuring to upgrade the education and Skill facility for workers in Garments Industry.
9. To build up proper Human Resource sector and practice properly not to create this recent incident.
10. Overall the existing Human Resource Development status activities need to be improved.
REFERENCES:
[1] Afroz, Mahfuza, (2001), “Industry Report on The Readymade Garment Sector of Bangladesh”, Indian Institute of Foreign Trade,
New Delhi.
[2] Ali, Muhammad Mahboob, “Profile of women labor force in the RMG Industries: A Supply and Demand side analysis”,
Bangladesh Arthonaitik Samity Samoiky, 2007.
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[5] Bhattacharya, D and M. Rahman, 1999, “Female Employment Under Export-Propelled Industrialization: Prospects for
Internalizing Global Opportunities in Bangladesh's Apparel Sector”, UNRISD Occasional Paper.
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Performance”,Journal of Business and Technology,Volume V,Issue 02,July-December,2010.
[7] Burke, Jason and Saad Hammadi (2010),“Dhaka Garment Workers in Violent Protests over Low Pay”, The Guardian, News,
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violent-protests.
[8] Coping with Post-MFA Challenges: Strategic Responses for Bangladesh RMG Sector”,CPD Dialog Report No. 55, Dhaka,
Bangladesh.
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[10] Hossian, M.,Ismail and Rahman, Shamsur (2002),“Contribution of RMG to our national economy and its impact on our society”.
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[12] Islam, Farmin, (1994), “Aspect of women’s work in Bangladesh: International vis a vis domestic legal framework”. The Dhaka
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[16] Morshed, M. Monjur (2007) A Study on Labour Rights Implementation in Readymade Garment (RMG) Industry in Bangladesh:
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APPENDIX:
Table : Minimum Wage Structure for Garment Workers
Grading ( Main Posts) Basic House rent (40%
of Basic)
Medical Allowance Net Salary
Grade 1:
Pattern Master, Chief Quality Controller
Tk. 6,500 Tk. 2,600 Tk. 200 Tk. 9,300
Grade 2:
Mechanic, Electrician, Cutting Master
Tk. 5,000 Tk. 2,000 Tk. 200 Tk. 7,200
Grade 3:
Sample Machinist, Senior Machine Operator
Tk. 2,870 Tk. 1,148 Tk. 200 Tk. 4,218
Grade 4:
Sewing Machine Operator, Quality Inspector, Cutter,
Packer, Line Leader
Tk. 2,615 Tk. 1,046 Tk. 200 Tk. 3,861
Grade 5:
Junior Machine Operator, Junior Cutter, Junior Marker
Tk. 2,395 Tk. 958 Tk. 200 Tk. 3,553
Grade 6:
Operator of General Sewing/Button Machine
Tk. 2,230 Tk. 892 Tk. 200 Tk. 3,322
Grade 7:
Assistant Sewing Machine Operator, Assistant Dry
washing man, Line Iron Man
Tk. 2,000 Tk. 800 Tk. 200 Tk. 3,000
Source: Minimum Wage Board, 2010.
** Minimum Wage Board, 05, December, 2013 is not implementation/acceptable until.
**Tk. Taka (Currency of Bangladesh)