This document discusses potential future applications of nanotextiles in the automotive industry. It outlines goals of making cars lighter, more efficient and with more interior space. Methods of producing carbon nanotubes are described and their properties explained, making them suitable for solar cell composites and speakers. The document discusses using carbon nanotube composites for car body panels that could store energy and for transparent solar cells on windows. Integrating carbon nanotube speakers into car interiors to reduce weight and complexity is also proposed. Bibliography sources on these potential applications are provided.
Sustainable Solar Power-The Solution to Providing Energy for Low Cost HousingEES Africa (Pty) Ltd
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A one day symposium on zero/low carbon sustainable homes took place at The University of Nottingham on the 24th October, 2012. The event offered professionals within the construction industry a unique opportunity to gain added and significant insight into the innovations, policies and legislation which are driving the construction of zero/low carbon energy efficient homes both here in the UK and elsewhere in Europe. It explored solutions to sustainability issues “beyond” the zero carbon agenda. BZCH followed on from the successful ‘Towards Zero Carbon Housing’ symposium the University hosted in 2007. This event is part of the Europe Wide Ten Act10n project which is supported by the European Commission Intelligent Energy Europe.
Sustainable Solar Power-The Solution to Providing Energy for Low Cost HousingEES Africa (Pty) Ltd
South Africa faces an immense challenge to address the backlog in the construction and delivery
of quality, low cost housing. While there are a number of initiatives underway, there is said to be a
backlog of some 2.3 million houses. Integral to the construction of these houses is the provision of
energy for basic needs. Solar technology is a cost-effective solution for providing energy to low cost houses.
A one day symposium on zero/low carbon sustainable homes took place at The University of Nottingham on the 24th October, 2012. The event offered professionals within the construction industry a unique opportunity to gain added and significant insight into the innovations, policies and legislation which are driving the construction of zero/low carbon energy efficient homes both here in the UK and elsewhere in Europe. It explored solutions to sustainability issues “beyond” the zero carbon agenda. BZCH followed on from the successful ‘Towards Zero Carbon Housing’ symposium the University hosted in 2007. This event is part of the Europe Wide Ten Act10n project which is supported by the European Commission Intelligent Energy Europe.
These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled analyzing hi-tech opportunities to analyze how transparent electronics are becoming economic feasible. Transparent electronics can turn windows into displays and solar cells and enable more aesthetically pleasing designs. Home, car, and office windows can be used to display information or absorb solar energy. The former is also applicable to contact lenses and glasses. Transparent electronics can also enable new forms of designs such as transparent phones, appliances, and monitors. Improvements in transparent conductive films such as indium tin oxides, other forms of oxides, and graphene enable these transparent displays.
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These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled analyzing hi-tech opportunities to analyze how transparent electronics are becoming economic feasible. Transparent electronics can turn windows into displays and solar cells and enable more aesthetically pleasing designs. Home, car, and office windows can be used to display information or absorb solar energy. The former is also applicable to contact lenses and glasses. Transparent electronics can also enable new forms of designs such as transparent phones, appliances, and monitors. Improvements in transparent conductive films such as indium tin oxides, other forms of oxides, and graphene enable these transparent displays.
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In their ongoing quest to improve existing products by creating smaller components and better performance materials, all
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viewed as a process that gradually will affect most companies and Industries.
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𝘼𝙣𝙩𝙞𝙦𝙪𝙚 𝙋𝙡𝙖𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙘 𝙏𝙧𝙖𝙙𝙚𝙧𝙨 𝙞𝙨 𝙫𝙚𝙧𝙮 𝙛𝙖𝙢𝙤𝙪𝙨 𝙛𝙤𝙧 𝙢𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙛𝙖𝙘𝙩𝙪𝙧𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙞𝙧 𝙥𝙧𝙤𝙙𝙪𝙘𝙩𝙨. 𝙒𝙚 𝙝𝙖𝙫𝙚 𝙖𝙡𝙡 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙥𝙡𝙖𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙘 𝙜𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙡𝙚𝙨 𝙪𝙨𝙚𝙙 𝙞𝙣 𝙖𝙪𝙩𝙤𝙢𝙤𝙩𝙞𝙫𝙚 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙖𝙪𝙩𝙤 𝙥𝙖𝙧𝙩𝙨 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙖𝙡𝙡 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙛𝙖𝙢𝙤𝙪𝙨 𝙘𝙤𝙢𝙥𝙖𝙣𝙞𝙚𝙨 𝙗𝙪𝙮 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙜𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙡𝙚𝙨 𝙛𝙧𝙤𝙢 𝙪𝙨.
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2. INTRODUCTION
• Reduce weight of the car to make more
drive efficient.
• Decrease interior complexity.
• Increase cabin space.
• Lightweight cars with strongest material.
• Carbon Nanotube (CNT) Solar cell
composite
• Carbon Nanotube (CNT) Speakers
Automotive Industry Goals Future Possibilities
3. CARBON NANOTUBE (CNT) PRODUCTION
• Methods to manufacture CNT
Arc discharge method –
Simplest and oldest techniques
High quality CNT
Laser ablation –
High quality
Better control than arc method
Cost reduction but complex instrument require (Lasers & ovens)
Chemical vapor deposition(CVD) – Hot filament, Plasma treatment.
Gives good alignment level
Only small quantity CNT can be produce
4. PROPERTIES OF CNT
• CNT length to diameter ratio is 132000000:1. which is good for electronic, optics and sensor
application.
• Thermal stability up to 2800ºc in vacuum & 750ºc in atmosphere.
• Carbon nanotubes are stiffest and strongest material. CNT have tensile strength 16 times greater
than stainless-steel and thermal conductivity 5 times higher than copper which is important for
photovoltaic cell.
• Mainly two categories of CNT, one is SWCNT(Single wall carbon nanotube) and
MWCNT(Multiwall carbon nanotube).
5. CAR BODY PANEL
WORKS AS BATTERY
• This part is from report and it explains about how
carbon fiber composite is used to make car body and
super capacitors are embedded into it.
• In this technology only advantage is to save space
occupied by conventional battery.
• Disadvantage of this technology
Complicated process
Electric energy is required to recharge.
Electric motor is used.
6. • Cars Roof, Bonet, Doors are made up of CNT
solar cells composite.
• Battery is placed in bonet to store energy.
• This battery is also made up of CNT which
called CNT paper battery.
• Sunlight is striking on body of the car and
CNT solar cells absorbs sunlight and convert
it into electric energy
First Future Possibility : CNT Solar cell Composite
JOHN WEAVER (2018)
XIAOYAN
WANG(2015)
GINGER GARDINER
7. • For car windows and sunroof, costly
silicon is replaced by Transparent CNT
solar cell.
• SWCNTs and glass fiber is used for this.
• CNT layer is 100 – 200nm thick.
PAUL RIDDEN (2012)
ARSLAN SAFDER (2019) MICHAEL HERH (2018)
8. PROPERTIES THAT ARE REQUIRED TO BUILT CNT
SOLAR CELL COMPOSITE
• SWCNT & MWCNT - less diameter, compactible for solar cells.
• Diameter required - 20nm,
Diameter of SWCNT & MWCNT 2 - 10nm & 5 – 100nm respectively.
• To Generate electric energy must have electrodes - Indium tin oxide (ITO) & Fluorine tin
oxide (FTO) – have some drawbacks.
CNTs are promising replacement for ITO & FTO - High specular transmittance, low
resistivity in broad spectral range.
Simple fabrication techniques.
9. • CNTs buckypaper structure.
• CNT can transfer electrons efficiently with good PV properties.
• CNT ideal electrode material.
• Excellent mobility.
• Tailorable electronic properties.
• Finish for solar cells
o Brush paining or inkjet painting.
o Nano-enhanced paint – This color absorbs 99.9% of light incident on it
o Plasma treatment
10. ADVANTAGES OF CNT SOLAR CELL COMPOSITE
• More flexible, Cheaper, lighter than conventional material.
• CNT solar cells are twice efficient – certified by ‘National renewable energy
laboratory’.
• Fabrication process is simple.
• Saving in electric energy required for battery charging. Here we are avoiding
the use of battery chargers.
• In case of car crash the damage is minimized because of carbon nanofiber
composite which strongest material.
11. • Reduce interior components.
• Minimize interior complexity.
• Increase interior space.
• Removing conventional
magnetic speakers from doors,
dashboards and back boards.
• Moving audio output to the
overhead i.e. Soundsystem in
Headliner.
• It will reduce mass and create
additional interior space.
Goals of Automotive industry for
Interior
Second Future Possibility : CNT Speakers for car interior
Solution to reduce interior
complexity and space
12. CNT SPEAKERS FOR CAR INTERIOR
• CNT paper thin loudspeakers which can embedded into everything like in clothing, walls, car
interior etc.
• CNTs are mounted on electrodes and this system will work as loudspeakers. By attaching several
films together large area of speaker can produce.
• Current from electrodes heats CNT films, results in temperature oscillation, this excites to oscillate
into surrounding air, resulting in sound generation.
• This is not a mechanical moment.
• When audio frequency current is applied on CNT, it will generate sound with the wide frequency
with High sound pressure levels (SPL) and Low thermal harmonic distortion (THD).
• Sinusoidal voltage is applied to create clear and loud tones.
13. WHY IT IS IMPORTANT
• Ultralight weight
• Flexible
• Stretchable
• Transparent
• No moving parts
• Low material cost
The future of things
BONGIOVI AVIATION
ALLISONS MILLS (2015)
DEXTER JOHNSON
14. • CNT speakers Can be tailored into any shape and size and will be placed on variety of
rigid and flexible surfaces.
• Not consisting any moving parts or magnets, like conventional speakers.
• Promising property of CNT film is stretchability, Film can stretch up to 200% of its
original size with this transparency increases.
• CNT film can heat up and cool down 100000 times each second, as compared to platinum
sheet which can do only 16 times per second.
• If part of film is broken still emits sound but conventional speakers will not work.
Properties of CNT speakers
15. BIBLIOGRAPHY
• LAURA WIELAND et al (2020), Carbon nanotubes for photovoltaics: from lab to industry, Advanced energy material.
• HUDA A. ALTURAIF et al (2014), Use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with polymers in solar cells, molecules, Page no 17330 – 17344.
• MARK HERSAM (2014), Breakthrough for carbon nanotube solar cells, McCormick News, Available from
https://isen.northwestern.edu/breakthrough-for-carbon-nanotube-solar-cells
• PAUL RIDDEN (2012) 23 March, Carbon nanotube solar cells point to possible transparent solar window future, New Atlas, Available from
https://newatlas.com/transparent-carbon-nanotube-solar-cell/21912/
• Nanotube Speakers (2019) December 11, Resources, sound reinforcement, Soundbridge, Available from : https://soundbridge.io/nanotube-speakers/
• Flexible, Transparent Nanotube – Based Loudspeakers, The future of things, Available from: https://thefutureofthings.com/3823-flexible-transparent-
nanotube-based-loudspeakers/
• ALLISONS MILLS (2015), Carbon nanotube speakers play music with heat, phys org, Available from: https://phys.org/news/2015-07-carbon-
nanotube-speakers-music.html
• DAMIR BECIRI (2009) 6 October, Flexible stretchable, nearly indestructible CNT loudspeakers, RobAid, Available from:
http://www.robaid.com/tech/flexible-stretchable-nearly-indestructible-cnt-loudspeakers.htm
• BONGIOVI AVIATION, interior panels become the speaker, Available from: https://bongioviacoustics.com/aviation/
• ULRICH ANDREE (2012) January, Headliner with integrated sound and ambient light, electronic textiles, Smart textiles and nanotechnology.
• P.J. BROWN, K. STEVENS (2007), Nanofibers and nanotechnology in textiles, Cambridge England, Woodhead Publishing Ltd.
16. • JOHN WEAVER (2018)23 November, All I want for Christmas is a 90% efficient solar panel, PV magazine.
• ARSLAN SAFDER (2019) 5 July, Use of graphene in solar cell, Nanografi, Available from :
https://nanografi.com/blog/use-of-graphene-in-solar-cells/
• MICHAEL HERH (2018) 1 November, Hyundai and Kia to Launch Solar-Powered Green Cars Next Year,
Business Korea.
• XIAOYAN WANG et al, (2015), Tio2 nanotube array based flexible perovskite solar cells with
transparent carbon nanotube electrode, Nano energy, vol 11, Page no 728-735.
• GINGER GARDINER (2017) 28 February, Composite in class a body panel integrating energy
storage, Composite world.
• DEXTER JOHNSON (2015) 30 July, Carbon nanotube speakers promise application outside of audio
equipment, IEEE Spectrum.
• DM CHAN (2019), Fade to black : A BMW SUV that stands apart, Asia times.