Climate change is negatively impacting agriculture in Uganda, which provides livelihoods for over 70% of the population. Rising temperatures and shifts in rainfall patterns have led to crop failures, water shortages, and deaths of animals and people from starvation. To address this, Uganda needs financing for climate-smart agriculture practices that sustainably increase productivity while building resilience and reducing emissions. However, climate change funding is limited given other development needs. Uganda should pursue funding from international climate funds and carbon markets, working with organizations like the World Bank and FAO to implement collaborative climate action in line with its commitments under the Paris Agreement.

1. FINANCEFOR CLIMIATE SMART FARMING IN UGANDA
By Ben Jackson Byaruhnga
1. Introduction
Accordingto Uganda Climate Actionreport2015
(https://www.irishaid.ie/media/irishaid/allwebsitemedia/20newsandpublications/publicationpdfsenglis
h/Country-Climate-Action-Reports-Uganda-FINAL.pdf),Ugandaisa landlockedcountryineastAfrica,
approximately236,040 square kilometresinsize.The populationisapproximately37.5millionand
Uganda is ranked161st inthe HDI rankingand 24th intermsof vulnerability.Averageannual
temperature hasincreasedby1.3 degreesCsince 1960 and there will be aprojectedincrease between
1.0 degreesCand3.1 degreesCand increases inannual rainfall bythe 2060s. The rapidpopulation
growthhas contributedtolandfragmentationwhichhasledtoopeningmore landforfarming,demand
for charcoal and fire woodhasalso increased.All these have contributedtodeforestationandwetland
reclamationhence leadingtoclimate change (http://voices.nationalgeographic.com/2016/09/29/how-
climate-change-is-fueling-a-food-crisis-in-kenya-uganda-and-nigeria/,
http://mobile.monitor.co.ug/News/Is-Uganda-prepared-for-the-looming-charcoal-crisis-/2466686-
2451346-format-xhtml-uu55slz/index.html).
2. Impact ofclimate change to agriculture
In Sub Sahara Africa in general and Uganda in particular, climate change has had negative effectson
agriculture yetagriculture providesa livelihoodformore 70% ofthe population
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change_and_agriculture).Climate change hasledto
devastatingeffectsof crop failure,water shortage, and death of animals,persistenthungerand death
of human beingsdue to starvation. Uganda has beenaffectedin one way or another due to the
effectsofclimate change on agriculture.
http://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Farming/Less-bees-cause-worry/689860-3291952-
lg9gdlz/index.html.https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-11-04/uganda-says-1-3-million-
people-are-facing-hunger-due-to-drought.
In the process,the governmentof Ugandahas losta lotof money inagriculture interventions ashunger
bites. http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Government-loses-Shs200-billion-drought-devastates-
country/688334-3451360-12qjq3r/index.html.

2. http://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Farming/Uganda-hit-long-dry-spells-widespread-crop-
failures/689860-3301582-jaeky6/index.html.http://theugandan.com.ug/ugandas-drought-hits-new-
record-high/.
All inall,climate cchange isffectingagricultural produtivity,increaseininflation aresultof increase in
foodpricesand the economyislargelyaffected. http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2017-
01/09/c_135967783.htm.
http://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Farming/Climate-change-hamper-agricultural-productivity-
expert/689860-3301610-61we7q/index.html
Animalsdie asdroughtintensfiesinKaramojaandNakasongoradryregionsof Uganda.

3. 3. FINANACEFOR CLIMATE SMART FARMING TO AVERT CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT ON
AGRICULTURE
Climate-smart agriculture (CSA), a concept developed by FAO, is an approach to developing the
technical, policy and investment conditions to achieve sustainable agricultural development for food
security under climate change (FAO, 2013). It integrates the three dimensions of sustainable
development (economic, social and environmental) by jointly addressing the food security, ecosystems
management and climate change challenges. It is comprised of three main pillars:
 Sustainably increasing agricultural productivity and incomes;
 Adapting and building resilience to climate change;
 Reducing and/or removing greenhouse gases emissions, where possible.
Challengesinfundingclimate change
Climate change isa huge problemthatneedsaconcertedeffortsandtherefore thereislimited finance
for the case of Uganda. There are quite anumberof pressingneedsthatpause achallenge inproviding
adequate finance forclimate change mitigationandadaptationactivitiesforUgandaandother
developingcountries.
 On-budget climate change relevant spending is approximately 0.2 per cent of GDP. This
contrasts with that recommended in the draft Implementation Strategy of the Climate
Change Policy, which estimated that around 1.6 per cent of GDP needs to be spent on
climate change-relevant activities. https://www.odi.org/publications/7906-uganda-nationa l-
climate-change-finance-analysis
 Over the period 2008/9 to 2011/12, available evidence does not show significant levels of
funding to have come from international climate funds.
 For that matter, there is therefore need for local funding
(https://www.diis.dk/en/research/climate-action-in-uganda-need-local-funding).
 Uganda is looking at mobilizing resources using different fronts of implementation
consisting of government, civil society and the private sector.
http://www.ug.undp.org/content/uganda/en/home/presscenter/articles/2015/06/26/uganda
-prepares-to-tap-into-the-green-climate-fund-for-climate-change-mitigation-and-
adaptation.html

4. World Bank supports taking action in response to Climate change
World Bank and FAO are making a lot of contribution to support climate smart agriculture.
https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/agriculture/brief/foster-climate-smart-agriculture
Therefore, Uganda should take up collaborative measures and work these two organization to
effectively implement CSA approaches. Ugandans should act now, act together and act
differently. https://www.coursera.org/learn/climate-science/lecture/RGinZ/act-now-act-
together-act-differently-in-response-to-climate-change).
Act now-financing
Climate Change is real and with us. Time to act is now. We need to plant trees, use organic
manure, use conservation agriculture, practice agroforestry with bee keeping, harvest water
for irrigation and practice mulching as well as use of renewable energy. The private sector
can create business opportunities in clean energy, resilient seeds to drought and water
harvesting initiatives. The civil society can mobilize funding for tree planting, renewable
energy and irrigation services. The academic institutions can contribute by doing research,
empowering students on climate change adaptation and mitigation as well as investing in
the same activities directly.
Act together-collaborative/partnership financing
Climate change affects everyone and therefore it’s a duty for everyone to act. We need to
collaborate and partnership for action against climate change. Climate change adaptation is
very expensive. This requires local, regional and global partnerships for policy, financial and
human resource support. The government should strengths its departments that handle
management of natural resources. Actions against encroaches on wetlands, forestry
reserves and national parks should be strengthened.
Individuals, civil society, NGOs and government departments should work together to
promote environmental conservation, act against pollution and environmental degradation.

5. Act differently
It’s time to be innovative in tackling climate change use a number of approaches. A lot of
research and innovation is need to support climate smart agriculture practices and reduce
the impact of climate change.
Climate and carbon financing
As part of the actions for climate change, innovating financing. Under the United Nations
Framework Conventionon Climate Change, a Green Climate Fund, the GCF, basedin Songdo, Republic
of Korea, has been created. The Green Climate Fund is to be an important catalytic and additional
conduit of climate finance. Uganda can use these avenuesto get finance. World Bank, FAO, European
Union and United Nations Environmental programs could provide more financing for climate change
and carbon reduction initiatives.
Today, with more than 40 countries and states and provinces have either put in place carbon taxes or
emissions trading schemes, market-based mechanisms for the pricing of carbon, or have announced
intentions to do so. So some of the innovations in carbon financing have been undertaking at the World
Bank Group include funds that pay for performance in arresting deforestation. So the idea here is that
there are funds available for building plans to protect forests. Uganda can use international resource
mobilization mechanisms to provide innovative funding for climate change mitigation and adaptation
initiatives. Uganda is a member and signatory to the Paris Climate agreement which calls on member
countries to combat climate change and to accelerate and intensify the actions and investments needed
for sustainable low carbon future and to adapt to the increasing impact of climate change. Therefore
Uganda should act as per the mandates of Paris Climate agreement.