The document discusses care of elderly people in Vietnamese families. It finds that while the Vietnamese government has policies to support the elderly, available public support is limited. As a result, family plays a crucial role in caring for older family members. Traditionally, the concept of filial piety in Vietnamese culture emphasizes children's responsibility to respect, obey, and care for their parents when they are old. The document analyzes recent census data and finds that most elderly people in Vietnam continue to live with their children. It describes the expectations for how children should materially and emotionally support their parents in old age according to cultural norms of filial piety.
The document discusses vulnerable children in Nigeria, including orphans and children affected by HIV/AIDS. It notes that in 2008 there were 17.5 million vulnerable children in Nigeria. It examines various interventions to help these children, including institutional care, adoption, foster care, and community-based care. It emphasizes that interventions should be community-led and focus on raising awareness, documenting the problem, mobilizing communities, meeting basic needs, education/training, and improving legal protections for children.
The State as party to child maltreatment - lessons from Research on the impac...BASPCAN
The document discusses research on the experiences of child protection social workers and asylum-seeking families in Ireland. Key findings included mutual mistrust between social workers and families due to the social workers' perceived role as representatives of the state and immigration officials. Families found it difficult to trust social workers and viewed them similarly to immigration officers due to fears over deportation. Social workers also struggled to work with unpredictable immigration processes that impacted family care plans. Both groups had challenges with cultural differences, language barriers, and the effects of Ireland's direct provision system for asylum seekers.
Teppo Kroger Working Carers and Societal WellbeingCare Connect
Prof Teppo Kröger, Professor of Social and Public Policy, Department of Social Sciences and Philosophy, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
Working Carers and Societal Well-being: insights from comparative policy analysis in six countries
Carers and Work-Care Reconciliation International Conference
University of Leeds, 13th August 2013
The present status report includes issues of rights to survival and development, these being health, early childhood development and education. A major section is devoted to child protection since the issues to be addressed are far too many. While there is a chapter dedicated to violence against children, separate chapters deal with child sexual abuse, juvenile justice, child labour and trafficking. The last two years have seen large scale de-housing of children and their families. As an addition this time we have included a section on right to adequate housing as it is a right that cuts across survival, development and protection issues. Given that a large number of children are growing in situations of emergency – human made or natural, it was critical to address their situation separately. Even as we write this report a new disaster has struck the country. Thousands have died or been rendered homeless in Jammu & Kashmir due to the earthquake. The rights of the disabled child have always been marginalised. But since little has changed since our last report, we have addressed issues of disability in the chapters on health and education.
HAQ: Center for Child Rights
B1/2, Ground Floor,
Malviya Nagar
New Delhi - 110017
Tel: +91-26677412,26673599
Fax: +91-26674688
Website: www.haqcrc.org
Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/HaqCentreForChildRights
S2 Maria Hildingsson - Fafce, family policies - 30 june 2014sillitoe
Maria Hildingsson discusses family breakdown in Europe and its causes. She notes rising rates of divorce, low birth rates, and individualism have weakened families. Current policies do not adequately support families and marriage. She calls for policies that recognize the family as fundamental to society, support parents as primary educators, and see families as subjects with rights rather than objects to administer. The talk concludes with promoting a manifesto for family-friendly policies in the EU.
Government Policy, Schemes, Law for Senior Citizens in India Sailesh Mishra
The document discusses government policies and schemes in India for senior citizens. It provides key population figures showing India's aging population is increasing significantly. Currently around 100 million Indians are elderly, and by 2050 nearly 20% of the population will be over age 60. It also notes issues faced by elderly Indians such as poverty, illiteracy, lack of employment, health problems, and abuse. The document outlines international frameworks for aging issues, as well as provisions in the Indian Constitution. It summarizes India's National Policy on Older Persons from 1999 and its key objectives of ensuring welfare and an equitable society for elderly citizens.
This article discusses the Tea Party movement and its potential impact on the upcoming November elections. The Tea Party was founded in 2009 in response to government bailouts during the economic crisis. It is a decentralized grassroots organization that promotes fiscal responsibility, limited government, and free markets. The Tea Party is expected to influence many candidates and races in the November elections.
Presentation by Florence Martin, Senior Coordinator at Better Care Network during the "Expert Consultation on Family and Parenting Support," Florence, Italy 26-27 May 2014.
The document discusses vulnerable children in Nigeria, including orphans and children affected by HIV/AIDS. It notes that in 2008 there were 17.5 million vulnerable children in Nigeria. It examines various interventions to help these children, including institutional care, adoption, foster care, and community-based care. It emphasizes that interventions should be community-led and focus on raising awareness, documenting the problem, mobilizing communities, meeting basic needs, education/training, and improving legal protections for children.
The State as party to child maltreatment - lessons from Research on the impac...BASPCAN
The document discusses research on the experiences of child protection social workers and asylum-seeking families in Ireland. Key findings included mutual mistrust between social workers and families due to the social workers' perceived role as representatives of the state and immigration officials. Families found it difficult to trust social workers and viewed them similarly to immigration officers due to fears over deportation. Social workers also struggled to work with unpredictable immigration processes that impacted family care plans. Both groups had challenges with cultural differences, language barriers, and the effects of Ireland's direct provision system for asylum seekers.
Teppo Kroger Working Carers and Societal WellbeingCare Connect
Prof Teppo Kröger, Professor of Social and Public Policy, Department of Social Sciences and Philosophy, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
Working Carers and Societal Well-being: insights from comparative policy analysis in six countries
Carers and Work-Care Reconciliation International Conference
University of Leeds, 13th August 2013
The present status report includes issues of rights to survival and development, these being health, early childhood development and education. A major section is devoted to child protection since the issues to be addressed are far too many. While there is a chapter dedicated to violence against children, separate chapters deal with child sexual abuse, juvenile justice, child labour and trafficking. The last two years have seen large scale de-housing of children and their families. As an addition this time we have included a section on right to adequate housing as it is a right that cuts across survival, development and protection issues. Given that a large number of children are growing in situations of emergency – human made or natural, it was critical to address their situation separately. Even as we write this report a new disaster has struck the country. Thousands have died or been rendered homeless in Jammu & Kashmir due to the earthquake. The rights of the disabled child have always been marginalised. But since little has changed since our last report, we have addressed issues of disability in the chapters on health and education.
HAQ: Center for Child Rights
B1/2, Ground Floor,
Malviya Nagar
New Delhi - 110017
Tel: +91-26677412,26673599
Fax: +91-26674688
Website: www.haqcrc.org
Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/HaqCentreForChildRights
S2 Maria Hildingsson - Fafce, family policies - 30 june 2014sillitoe
Maria Hildingsson discusses family breakdown in Europe and its causes. She notes rising rates of divorce, low birth rates, and individualism have weakened families. Current policies do not adequately support families and marriage. She calls for policies that recognize the family as fundamental to society, support parents as primary educators, and see families as subjects with rights rather than objects to administer. The talk concludes with promoting a manifesto for family-friendly policies in the EU.
Government Policy, Schemes, Law for Senior Citizens in India Sailesh Mishra
The document discusses government policies and schemes in India for senior citizens. It provides key population figures showing India's aging population is increasing significantly. Currently around 100 million Indians are elderly, and by 2050 nearly 20% of the population will be over age 60. It also notes issues faced by elderly Indians such as poverty, illiteracy, lack of employment, health problems, and abuse. The document outlines international frameworks for aging issues, as well as provisions in the Indian Constitution. It summarizes India's National Policy on Older Persons from 1999 and its key objectives of ensuring welfare and an equitable society for elderly citizens.
This article discusses the Tea Party movement and its potential impact on the upcoming November elections. The Tea Party was founded in 2009 in response to government bailouts during the economic crisis. It is a decentralized grassroots organization that promotes fiscal responsibility, limited government, and free markets. The Tea Party is expected to influence many candidates and races in the November elections.
Presentation by Florence Martin, Senior Coordinator at Better Care Network during the "Expert Consultation on Family and Parenting Support," Florence, Italy 26-27 May 2014.
This document summarizes an internship report on the situation of children from waste picker families living in slums in Delhi, India. The report describes conditions in two slums - Sangam Park, home to the Kanjar community, and Wazeerpur Village. Children in both slums face barriers to education and health services. In Sangam Park, none of the 120 children aged 6-14 have access to schooling due to a lack of birth certificates. Living conditions are extremely poor with no water or sanitation facilities. Children help their parents work in waste fields. The report highlights individual stories of children to illustrate the daily struggles they face.
This document discusses the importance of early intervention and supporting children during their primary school years to help overcome disadvantages and break cycles of underachievement. It contains chapters by experts focusing on areas like speech and language development, literacy and numeracy, social and emotional skills, parenting interventions, educational mobility and bridging gaps between advantaged and disadvantaged children. The introductions emphasize that intervening early from pre-school through primary years can significantly improve children's outcomes and have major long-term benefits both for individuals and society.
This document discusses issues related to geriatric care and aging populations. It begins with an introduction to aging and key facts about the global aging situation. Population aging is increasing rapidly around the world, with the number of older persons expected to double by 2050. The document then discusses what aging and geriatrics are, as well as global and national initiatives to address aging populations, including the Madrid International Plan of Action on Aging. It outlines TARAQUI Association's role in aging issues and proposes ways forward, such as enhancing public-private partnerships and establishing an age-friendly society.
- New Zealand has ratified the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, which defines a child as anyone under 18, but domestic legislation defines a child as 16 or younger, showing it has not fully incorporated the Convention.
- When children in foster care turn 17, they "age out" of the system and lose state support even though legally they are not considered adults until 18. This leaves them vulnerable with inadequate resources.
- Expanding support for children in foster care until they reach 18 would better comply with the UN Convention and help address issues abused children face when abruptly cut off from assistance at 17.
Partnerships: A Panacea to end Child Marriages in Bindura and Mount Darwin Di...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: Child marriages have become a thorny issue in Zimbabwe even though the country‟s 2013
Constitution has clauses which try to curtail such abuses. Zimbabwe‟s Mashonaland Central province is no
exception, as the phenomenon is rampant in the province‟s two districts of Bindura and Mount Darwin. This
research is an effort to establish the reasons why children engage in marriages in Bindura and Mount Darwin
districts of Mashonaland Central province. Using the phenomenological research design, the study sought to:
establish the causes of child marriages; analyze the gender and ages of children most affected by child
marriages; and to analyze the current mechanisms in place to protect children against child marriages in the two
districts. The study employed both qualitative and quantitative approaches with interviews and questionnaires
administered to a sample of 66 participants. The findings were that the causes of child marriages included
harmful religious practices, poor policies, poverty, lack of access to education, and death of a child‟s
parents.The study further found that on gender basis, females are affectedmore by child marriages as compared
to males. In addition, there was lack of partnership between the government and other organizations in the fight
to end child marriages. The major recommendation of the study is that the government should enter into
partnership with other organizations in the province to deal with the problem of child marriages. Also, income
generating projects and civic education should be put in place to empower children and promote their rights.
Sound guidance and counselling services should beproffered to assist the affected children.
Analysis of-gender-and-emerging-issues-with-focus-on-ageing-population-help a...Sopheak Sem
This document provides an overview of population aging trends in Cambodia and issues related to older populations. Some key points:
- Cambodia has a relatively young population currently but the percentage and number of older persons (aged 60+) is projected to increase significantly by 2050 due to increasing life expectancy.
- Older women outnumber older men and the population is aging more rapidly among women. Many older women live alone and face disadvantages accessing services.
- Currently most older Cambodians live in rural areas and have low levels of education and income insecurity. Health issues rise sharply with age, especially non-communicable diseases. Disability rates are also higher among older Cambodians compared to other ASEAN countries, particularly for women
Ageing&migrationin cambodia26dec2013 (1)Sopheak Sem
The document discusses population aging in Cambodia and how recent demographic trends have impacted and will continue to impact the country's age structure. It notes that while Cambodia currently has a smaller elderly population than other countries, it will experience rapid aging in the coming decades. This is due to declining fertility rates as well as the legacy of high mortality during the Khmer Rouge regime in the 1970s and subsequent baby boom, which set in motion demographic changes that will result in a large aging population in the future. The document uses population pyramids and birth/death rate data to illustrate how events like the Khmer Rouge disrupted Cambodia's typical demographic patterns and age structure compared to other countries.
Support for the elderly in cambodia letterSopheak Sem
The document discusses support for the elderly population in Cambodia. Currently, there are over 848,000 people over 60 years old in Cambodia, accounting for 6.3% of the population. This number is estimated to grow significantly to 19% of the population being over 60 by 2050. Many elderly people live in rural areas and suffer from disabilities. The elderly population is considered extremely vulnerable. While there are many NGOs working in Cambodia, only one called HelpAge Cambodia focuses on the elderly. The Ministry of Social Affairs, Veterans and Youth Rehabilitation is responsible for elderly policy and works closely with HelpAge Cambodia on programs to help the elderly. The Ministry is seeking new partner NGOs to work on projects for the elderly
This document discusses several social problems in India including poverty, unemployment, diseases, crime, illiteracy, prostitution, and issues facing women and children. It provides background on the criteria for social problems and outlines the major types of social problems including economic, biological, psychological, and cultural problems. For each topic, it discusses definitions, causes, government policies and interventions to address the issues. Key government initiatives are highlighted such as various poverty alleviation programs, national literacy missions, laws related to women and children's rights, and health and welfare programs targeting vulnerable groups.
The document summarizes EU programs that support women globally. It discusses how EU funding has helped enroll over 85,000 girls in secondary education and assisted over 4 million births. It also outlines the EU Gender Action Plan which systematically addresses gender issues. Stories highlight specific EU-funded projects in India, Bangladesh, and Indonesia that empower women through education, reducing child marriage, and assistance for former female soldiers.
The document discusses children's rights in India, including key milestones and laws/policies related to children's rights. It summarizes that the Constitution of India guarantees special protections for children, and that 40% of India's population is under 18. It then discusses definitions of a child, classifications of children's rights as provision, protection and participation, and highlights several important acts related to children's welfare, education, labor and justice in India.
Special laws and ordinances to older peopleJALADIGOPI1
This document discusses difficulties faced by older people such as health issues, income, housing, and social networks. It outlines governmental concessions and facilities for older adults related to health and travel. It also discusses laws in India that provide maintenance and welfare for parents and senior citizens. The document appears to be from Vietnam and contains translations of articles from Vietnam's law on the elderly that discuss the state and society's responsibilities to care for older people. These include providing healthcare, income support, cultural activities, and priority access to services for the elderly.
Social disorganization refers to a breakdown in social order and cooperation within a society. It occurs when there is a lack of consensus or agreement on important social values, norms and institutions. Several factors can contribute to social disorganization, including conflicts between social groups, changes in social roles and statuses, and the breakdown of traditional institutions. This leads to various social problems affecting vulnerable groups. Some key social issues discussed in the document include dowry, child marriage, and child labor. Laws and acts have been implemented in India to help address these social problems and curb social disorganization, such as the Dowry Prohibition Act, Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, and Child Labour Act.
The document provides information about the Zephyr Valley Home for the Elders, a nonprofit nursing home in Gujrat, Pakistan. The home aims to provide shelter, healthcare, rehabilitation, and social activities for elderly residents. It offers 24-hour nursing care, physiotherapy, social work support, dementia care, respite care, and organized activities. The home's mission is to maintain and promote residents' well-being and independence through a variety of services.
This document discusses sociological theories of aging and successful aging. It covers several key topics:
1. It outlines various social theories of aging like disengagement theory, activity theory, role theory, and life course perspective that examine how social roles and relationships impact the aging process.
2. It discusses definitions of successful aging which consider factors like maintaining health, activity levels, and independence. However, critics note that definitions should be multidimensional and consider socioeconomic factors.
3. The document provides an overview of elderly rights established by the UN including independence, participation, dignity, and access to healthcare and social support as people age.
The document discusses child marriage around the world. It states that 15 million children worldwide are married each year, and by 2030 that number will rise to 15.4 million per year. It provides statistics showing that 250 million girls were married before age 15 and 70 million women ages 20-24 were married before 18. Poverty, tradition, gender roles, and security concerns are cited as reasons why child marriage persists in some areas. The document outlines laws against child marriage in India and efforts to reduce the practice through education, community mobilization, and engaging leaders.
Maya, 8, and Kishore, 13, pose for a wedding photo inside their new home, the day after the Hindu holy day of Akshaya Tritiya, called Akha Teej in North India, highlighting how child marriage continues in parts of India and South Asia despite being illegal. The document includes several photographs showing child brides in India, Yemen, Nepal, and Afghanistan, some as young as 5 years old, with descriptions of the harmful impacts of early marriage on girls' health, education, and opportunities.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
This document discusses how mobile marketing is effective. It notes that the number of mobile subscribers and SMS usage has grown dramatically. Mobile phones are now more common than computers or televisions. The document advocates using mobile marketing techniques like text messaging for offers, sweepstakes entries, and links to mobile websites to engage customers. It provides examples of how different industries can utilize these mobile strategies.
This document summarizes an internship report on the situation of children from waste picker families living in slums in Delhi, India. The report describes conditions in two slums - Sangam Park, home to the Kanjar community, and Wazeerpur Village. Children in both slums face barriers to education and health services. In Sangam Park, none of the 120 children aged 6-14 have access to schooling due to a lack of birth certificates. Living conditions are extremely poor with no water or sanitation facilities. Children help their parents work in waste fields. The report highlights individual stories of children to illustrate the daily struggles they face.
This document discusses the importance of early intervention and supporting children during their primary school years to help overcome disadvantages and break cycles of underachievement. It contains chapters by experts focusing on areas like speech and language development, literacy and numeracy, social and emotional skills, parenting interventions, educational mobility and bridging gaps between advantaged and disadvantaged children. The introductions emphasize that intervening early from pre-school through primary years can significantly improve children's outcomes and have major long-term benefits both for individuals and society.
This document discusses issues related to geriatric care and aging populations. It begins with an introduction to aging and key facts about the global aging situation. Population aging is increasing rapidly around the world, with the number of older persons expected to double by 2050. The document then discusses what aging and geriatrics are, as well as global and national initiatives to address aging populations, including the Madrid International Plan of Action on Aging. It outlines TARAQUI Association's role in aging issues and proposes ways forward, such as enhancing public-private partnerships and establishing an age-friendly society.
- New Zealand has ratified the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, which defines a child as anyone under 18, but domestic legislation defines a child as 16 or younger, showing it has not fully incorporated the Convention.
- When children in foster care turn 17, they "age out" of the system and lose state support even though legally they are not considered adults until 18. This leaves them vulnerable with inadequate resources.
- Expanding support for children in foster care until they reach 18 would better comply with the UN Convention and help address issues abused children face when abruptly cut off from assistance at 17.
Partnerships: A Panacea to end Child Marriages in Bindura and Mount Darwin Di...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: Child marriages have become a thorny issue in Zimbabwe even though the country‟s 2013
Constitution has clauses which try to curtail such abuses. Zimbabwe‟s Mashonaland Central province is no
exception, as the phenomenon is rampant in the province‟s two districts of Bindura and Mount Darwin. This
research is an effort to establish the reasons why children engage in marriages in Bindura and Mount Darwin
districts of Mashonaland Central province. Using the phenomenological research design, the study sought to:
establish the causes of child marriages; analyze the gender and ages of children most affected by child
marriages; and to analyze the current mechanisms in place to protect children against child marriages in the two
districts. The study employed both qualitative and quantitative approaches with interviews and questionnaires
administered to a sample of 66 participants. The findings were that the causes of child marriages included
harmful religious practices, poor policies, poverty, lack of access to education, and death of a child‟s
parents.The study further found that on gender basis, females are affectedmore by child marriages as compared
to males. In addition, there was lack of partnership between the government and other organizations in the fight
to end child marriages. The major recommendation of the study is that the government should enter into
partnership with other organizations in the province to deal with the problem of child marriages. Also, income
generating projects and civic education should be put in place to empower children and promote their rights.
Sound guidance and counselling services should beproffered to assist the affected children.
Analysis of-gender-and-emerging-issues-with-focus-on-ageing-population-help a...Sopheak Sem
This document provides an overview of population aging trends in Cambodia and issues related to older populations. Some key points:
- Cambodia has a relatively young population currently but the percentage and number of older persons (aged 60+) is projected to increase significantly by 2050 due to increasing life expectancy.
- Older women outnumber older men and the population is aging more rapidly among women. Many older women live alone and face disadvantages accessing services.
- Currently most older Cambodians live in rural areas and have low levels of education and income insecurity. Health issues rise sharply with age, especially non-communicable diseases. Disability rates are also higher among older Cambodians compared to other ASEAN countries, particularly for women
Ageing&migrationin cambodia26dec2013 (1)Sopheak Sem
The document discusses population aging in Cambodia and how recent demographic trends have impacted and will continue to impact the country's age structure. It notes that while Cambodia currently has a smaller elderly population than other countries, it will experience rapid aging in the coming decades. This is due to declining fertility rates as well as the legacy of high mortality during the Khmer Rouge regime in the 1970s and subsequent baby boom, which set in motion demographic changes that will result in a large aging population in the future. The document uses population pyramids and birth/death rate data to illustrate how events like the Khmer Rouge disrupted Cambodia's typical demographic patterns and age structure compared to other countries.
Support for the elderly in cambodia letterSopheak Sem
The document discusses support for the elderly population in Cambodia. Currently, there are over 848,000 people over 60 years old in Cambodia, accounting for 6.3% of the population. This number is estimated to grow significantly to 19% of the population being over 60 by 2050. Many elderly people live in rural areas and suffer from disabilities. The elderly population is considered extremely vulnerable. While there are many NGOs working in Cambodia, only one called HelpAge Cambodia focuses on the elderly. The Ministry of Social Affairs, Veterans and Youth Rehabilitation is responsible for elderly policy and works closely with HelpAge Cambodia on programs to help the elderly. The Ministry is seeking new partner NGOs to work on projects for the elderly
This document discusses several social problems in India including poverty, unemployment, diseases, crime, illiteracy, prostitution, and issues facing women and children. It provides background on the criteria for social problems and outlines the major types of social problems including economic, biological, psychological, and cultural problems. For each topic, it discusses definitions, causes, government policies and interventions to address the issues. Key government initiatives are highlighted such as various poverty alleviation programs, national literacy missions, laws related to women and children's rights, and health and welfare programs targeting vulnerable groups.
The document summarizes EU programs that support women globally. It discusses how EU funding has helped enroll over 85,000 girls in secondary education and assisted over 4 million births. It also outlines the EU Gender Action Plan which systematically addresses gender issues. Stories highlight specific EU-funded projects in India, Bangladesh, and Indonesia that empower women through education, reducing child marriage, and assistance for former female soldiers.
The document discusses children's rights in India, including key milestones and laws/policies related to children's rights. It summarizes that the Constitution of India guarantees special protections for children, and that 40% of India's population is under 18. It then discusses definitions of a child, classifications of children's rights as provision, protection and participation, and highlights several important acts related to children's welfare, education, labor and justice in India.
Special laws and ordinances to older peopleJALADIGOPI1
This document discusses difficulties faced by older people such as health issues, income, housing, and social networks. It outlines governmental concessions and facilities for older adults related to health and travel. It also discusses laws in India that provide maintenance and welfare for parents and senior citizens. The document appears to be from Vietnam and contains translations of articles from Vietnam's law on the elderly that discuss the state and society's responsibilities to care for older people. These include providing healthcare, income support, cultural activities, and priority access to services for the elderly.
Social disorganization refers to a breakdown in social order and cooperation within a society. It occurs when there is a lack of consensus or agreement on important social values, norms and institutions. Several factors can contribute to social disorganization, including conflicts between social groups, changes in social roles and statuses, and the breakdown of traditional institutions. This leads to various social problems affecting vulnerable groups. Some key social issues discussed in the document include dowry, child marriage, and child labor. Laws and acts have been implemented in India to help address these social problems and curb social disorganization, such as the Dowry Prohibition Act, Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, and Child Labour Act.
The document provides information about the Zephyr Valley Home for the Elders, a nonprofit nursing home in Gujrat, Pakistan. The home aims to provide shelter, healthcare, rehabilitation, and social activities for elderly residents. It offers 24-hour nursing care, physiotherapy, social work support, dementia care, respite care, and organized activities. The home's mission is to maintain and promote residents' well-being and independence through a variety of services.
This document discusses sociological theories of aging and successful aging. It covers several key topics:
1. It outlines various social theories of aging like disengagement theory, activity theory, role theory, and life course perspective that examine how social roles and relationships impact the aging process.
2. It discusses definitions of successful aging which consider factors like maintaining health, activity levels, and independence. However, critics note that definitions should be multidimensional and consider socioeconomic factors.
3. The document provides an overview of elderly rights established by the UN including independence, participation, dignity, and access to healthcare and social support as people age.
The document discusses child marriage around the world. It states that 15 million children worldwide are married each year, and by 2030 that number will rise to 15.4 million per year. It provides statistics showing that 250 million girls were married before age 15 and 70 million women ages 20-24 were married before 18. Poverty, tradition, gender roles, and security concerns are cited as reasons why child marriage persists in some areas. The document outlines laws against child marriage in India and efforts to reduce the practice through education, community mobilization, and engaging leaders.
Maya, 8, and Kishore, 13, pose for a wedding photo inside their new home, the day after the Hindu holy day of Akshaya Tritiya, called Akha Teej in North India, highlighting how child marriage continues in parts of India and South Asia despite being illegal. The document includes several photographs showing child brides in India, Yemen, Nepal, and Afghanistan, some as young as 5 years old, with descriptions of the harmful impacts of early marriage on girls' health, education, and opportunities.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
This document discusses how mobile marketing is effective. It notes that the number of mobile subscribers and SMS usage has grown dramatically. Mobile phones are now more common than computers or televisions. The document advocates using mobile marketing techniques like text messaging for offers, sweepstakes entries, and links to mobile websites to engage customers. It provides examples of how different industries can utilize these mobile strategies.
The document provides an overview of the Vietnam War from multiple perspectives. It discusses the human toll in terms of lives lost and wounded for both Vietnam and the United States. It also examines public opinion shifts in the US as the war continued and details several major events and escalations of the war over time under different presidential administrations.
Issues related to young people growing up in foster care and emerging into adulthood. How should their needs be addressed? Who will fund and fill the gaps in services?
This document discusses foster youth and the challenges they face. It notes that there are nearly half a million foster youth in the US, many of whom do not graduate high school or college. Foster youth have high school graduation rates around 46% and college graduation rates around 2%. The researcher examined past literature on foster youth's educational outcomes through a review of qualitative and quantitative studies. The review sought to understand factors contributing to academic success or challenges for foster youth. It aimed to explore the role of the foster care system and how youth overcame obstacles to achieve academic success.
India has the largest adolescent population in the world at 243 million individuals aged 10-19 years. Adolescence involves rapid physical and psychological development between puberty and legal adulthood. Common problems faced by adolescents in India include misconceptions about physical and sexual changes due to lack of proper guidance from parents and teachers as well as influence of media. Four million adolescent girls in India aged 15-19 give birth each year, putting them at risk for health complications. Efforts are needed from families, schools, and the government to educate adolescents and promote healthy development through this transitional stage.
Changing needs of old people in India
The population of elderly persons in India has grown substantially in recent decades and is expected to continue growing significantly. Many elderly people now live alone and have to depend on their own resources for support. There is a need for more services and facilities to address the healthcare, skill-building, financial security, and social support needs of the growing elderly population in India. A survey of 10,000 elderly Indians found that while many remain active, they lack access to adequate healthcare, pensions, and facilities like old age homes. More efforts are needed to support the independence and well-being of senior citizens.
"Adoption Absurdity."Advocate 1052 (2011): 13. Academic Search Premier. Web. 3 June 2012.
This is an article review of how can the Catholic Church say its protecting children while throwing out hundreds of adoption and foster care cases? This is a case of the end of a century old partnership between the Roman Catholic Church and the state of Illinois. The Catholic Church officials decided to move out of foster care areas and adoption issues. The church is against same sex couple marriages and does not recognize them to be parents so is against issuing adoption and foster care to them. The same sex couples, who have civil union rights in the state of Illinois, say that this is prejudice on the part of the church which says that it is a violation of the constitutionally protected religious beliefs. Many states in the USA have now recognized same sex couples right to marriage and this has become a common ground for anti-gay activists for championing state run adoption and foster care homes. The National Organization for Marriage's Maggie Gallagher, one of the most vocal opponents of gay marriage says that if same sex couple move for equal rights they will be hurting children and put many foster care homes out of business
It is seen that in the state of Illinois, where the catholic church which handles one out of every seven cases of adoption gives up its stake on this the private adoption homes are willing to carry out the same with the catholic church moving out of this, the Illinois Department of Children and Family Services handed over the same to a private care centre which handled 300 cases in weeks. The other catholic dioceses which sued to be exempted from this civil union law have received temporary injunction till their cases are heard in august.
It has been increasingly felt that the catholic dioceses have done enough service to the child welfare services and it would not be good if they leave but, their religious commitment refuses to accept same sex couple marriage which is since then a union civil liberties law and hence against their beliefs.
I am shocked by this. I knew from growing up Catholic that their view points on homosexual lifestyles wasn’t that friendly but I had no idea they went into all of this. My family, both immediate and extended comes from a Catholic background but luckily for my situation it is far from some of the extreme cases you hear about. My family has shown me nothing but love and support, yes they are Catholic, but they know what to believe in and when to “draw the line” so to speak. It is very scary that we live in a world that is still largely run by the Catholic Church. The same people that teach “love thy neighbor” are the same ones that are quick to say but not “those neighbors.”
********************************************
Goldberg, Abbie E., and JuliAnna Z. Smith. "Stigma, Social Context, And Mental Health: Lesbian And Gay Couples Across The Transition To Adoptive Parenthood." Journal Of Cou.
Tracing Young People's Wellbeing, Care and Support in Contexts of Orphanhood ...Ruth Evans
Presentation by Gina Crivello and Patricia Espinoza Revollo, Young Lives, University of Oxford, at workshop "Putting the 'social' back into young people's psychosocial wellbeing, care and support", hosted by ODI and the University of Reading, London, 22 November 2016.
SINGLE PARENTS LONE PARENTHOOD: RESPONSIBILITYNgcNguyn951014
Skip to main content
Psychology Today
Find a Therapist
Get Help
Magazine
Today
US
Search
Find a Therapist (City or Zip)
Verified by Psychology Today
The Single-Parent Family
Reviewed by Psychology Today Staff
A single parent is someone who is unmarried, widowed, or divorced and not remarried. The single-parent household can be headed by a mother, a father, a grandparent, an uncle, or aunt. According to the Pew Research Center, between 25 to 30 percent of children under age 18 in the U.S. live in a single-parent household. The U.S. Census reports that roughly 22 million children live with a single parent. And three times as many women, when compared with men, head these households.
On This Page
The Well-Being of Children in a Single-Parent Household
The Challenges of Single-Parent Families
Raising Kids as a Single Parent
The Well-Being of Children in a Single-Parent Household
Single parents should be reassured by the fact that a large number of studies find no differences between the children of single mothers and children from other types of households. One study looked into the lives of children from different kinds of households—two-parent biological, adoptive, step-father, step-mother, single-parent—and the type of household did not matter. Children’s grades, and their relationships with their siblings and their friends, were about the same across all households. In a survey of adolescents living in nine types of households, those who lived with parents who had always been single and who were being raised in multi-generational households reported the highest sense of well-being of all those surveyed.
Can children of single parents fare just as well as children of married couples?
In studies as well as many reports from children themselves, children are better off raised by a single parent as opposed to living with married parents who engage in constant conflict. Children raised by one divorced parent sometimes have better outcomes than children raised by a parent who is remarried. It is impossible to predict a child's outcome based on this one factor alone.
Are there positives for children raised by a single parent?
Yes. Every situation involves trade-offs, and they often go unrecognized at the time. In a common refrain, the grown child of a single, working mom reported that he was glad that his mom was busy all the time. His friends, by contrast, had moms who stayed at home. These parents were hyper-involved in their lives, including their schoolwork and schedules. This overbearing participation produced problems between parent and child.
Can a single parent become too close to their child?
Are children of single parents at risk for substance abuse?
Are children of single parents at risk for other serious problems?
The Challenges of Single-Parent Families
Children need a safe and reliable household to flourish. Of course, it is much harder for single-parents who live with financial hardship. The Bureau of Labor Statistics
In order to have citizens capable of creating peace in the world, we need stable families that instill values and capacities for peacebuilding. Marriage and the family serve a unique and essential purpose for optimum human development. Research is showing that straying from that purpose weakens the family, increasing disadvantages for the next generation and the future. Clarifying the value of the family will help us strengthen this essential building block of peace.
The document discusses aging and its importance to public health in India. It notes that the elderly population in India is growing rapidly and is projected to reach 179 million by 2031 and 301 million by 2051. Traditionally, older Indians have lived with family members who provide care and support, but this is changing as adult children migrate for work and India transitions to a more nuclear family structure. The National Program for Health Care of the Elderly aims to improve access to health services for seniors, but does not adequately address home-based elder care within families.
Transitional living programs aim to prevent youth aging out of the foster care system from becoming homeless by providing housing and support services. Such programs are needed due to rising numbers of older youth in foster care without permanent placements and cuts to other social services. The presenter outlines different housing models for transitional living programs and what research shows works best, including youth involvement, connections to other agencies, flexibility, and focus on realistic outcomes rather than zero tolerance.
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to the diversity of families, including defining family, types of families (e.g. single-parent, two-parent), functions of families, parenting styles, father involvement, families in transition (e.g. divorce, blended families), poverty, homelessness, and programs that provide assistance. Respect and support from teachers and administrators can help diverse families achieve emotional well-being.
Similar to Function of taking care of elderly people in vietnamese families at present time (11)
Abnormalities of hormones and inflammatory cytokines in women affected with p...Alexander Decker
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have elevated levels of hormones like luteinizing hormone and testosterone, as well as higher levels of insulin and insulin resistance compared to healthy women. They also have increased levels of inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and leptin. This study found these abnormalities in the hormones and inflammatory cytokines of women with PCOS ages 23-40, indicating that hormone imbalances associated with insulin resistance and elevated inflammatory markers may worsen infertility in women with PCOS.
A usability evaluation framework for b2 c e commerce websitesAlexander Decker
This document presents a framework for evaluating the usability of B2C e-commerce websites. It involves user testing methods like usability testing and interviews to identify usability problems in areas like navigation, design, purchasing processes, and customer service. The framework specifies goals for the evaluation, determines which website aspects to evaluate, and identifies target users. It then describes collecting data through user testing and analyzing the results to identify usability problems and suggest improvements.
A universal model for managing the marketing executives in nigerian banksAlexander Decker
This document discusses a study that aimed to synthesize motivation theories into a universal model for managing marketing executives in Nigerian banks. The study was guided by Maslow and McGregor's theories. A sample of 303 marketing executives was used. The results showed that managers will be most effective at motivating marketing executives if they consider individual needs and create challenging but attainable goals. The emerged model suggests managers should provide job satisfaction by tailoring assignments to abilities and monitoring performance with feedback. This addresses confusion faced by Nigerian bank managers in determining effective motivation strategies.
A unique common fixed point theorems in generalized dAlexander Decker
This document presents definitions and properties related to generalized D*-metric spaces and establishes some common fixed point theorems for contractive type mappings in these spaces. It begins by introducing D*-metric spaces and generalized D*-metric spaces, defines concepts like convergence and Cauchy sequences. It presents lemmas showing the uniqueness of limits in these spaces and the equivalence of different definitions of convergence. The goal of the paper is then stated as obtaining a unique common fixed point theorem for generalized D*-metric spaces.
A trends of salmonella and antibiotic resistanceAlexander Decker
This document provides a review of trends in Salmonella and antibiotic resistance. It begins with an introduction to Salmonella as a facultative anaerobe that causes nontyphoidal salmonellosis. The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella is then discussed. The document proceeds to cover the historical perspective and classification of Salmonella, definitions of antimicrobials and antibiotic resistance, and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella including modification or destruction of antimicrobial agents, efflux pumps, modification of antibiotic targets, and decreased membrane permeability. Specific resistance mechanisms are discussed for several classes of antimicrobials.
A transformational generative approach towards understanding al-istifhamAlexander Decker
This document discusses a transformational-generative approach to understanding Al-Istifham, which refers to interrogative sentences in Arabic. It begins with an introduction to the origin and development of Arabic grammar. The paper then explains the theoretical framework of transformational-generative grammar that is used. Basic linguistic concepts and terms related to Arabic grammar are defined. The document analyzes how interrogative sentences in Arabic can be derived and transformed via tools from transformational-generative grammar, categorizing Al-Istifham into linguistic and literary questions.
A time series analysis of the determinants of savings in namibiaAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the determinants of savings in Namibia from 1991 to 2012. It reviews previous literature on savings determinants in developing countries. The study uses time series analysis including unit root tests, cointegration, and error correction models to analyze the relationship between savings and variables like income, inflation, population growth, deposit rates, and financial deepening in Namibia. The results found inflation and income have a positive impact on savings, while population growth negatively impacts savings. Deposit rates and financial deepening were found to have no significant impact. The study reinforces previous work and emphasizes the importance of improving income levels to achieve higher savings rates in Namibia.
A therapy for physical and mental fitness of school childrenAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the importance of exercise in maintaining physical and mental fitness for school children. It discusses how physical and mental fitness are developed through participation in regular physical exercises and cannot be achieved solely through classroom learning. The document outlines different types and components of fitness and argues that developing fitness should be a key objective of education systems. It recommends that schools ensure pupils engage in graded physical activities and exercises to support their overall development.
A theory of efficiency for managing the marketing executives in nigerian banksAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study examining efficiency in managing marketing executives in Nigerian banks. The study was examined through the lenses of Kaizen theory (continuous improvement) and efficiency theory. A survey of 303 marketing executives from Nigerian banks found that management plays a key role in identifying and implementing efficiency improvements. The document recommends adopting a "3H grand strategy" to improve the heads, hearts, and hands of management and marketing executives by enhancing their knowledge, attitudes, and tools.
This document discusses evaluating the link budget for effective 900MHz GSM communication. It describes the basic parameters needed for a high-level link budget calculation, including transmitter power, antenna gains, path loss, and propagation models. Common propagation models for 900MHz that are described include Okumura model for urban areas and Hata model for urban, suburban, and open areas. Rain attenuation is also incorporated using the updated ITU model to improve communication during rainfall.
A synthetic review of contraceptive supplies in punjabAlexander Decker
This document discusses contraceptive use in Punjab, Pakistan. It begins by providing background on the benefits of family planning and contraceptive use for maternal and child health. It then analyzes contraceptive commodity data from Punjab, finding that use is still low despite efforts to improve access. The document concludes by emphasizing the need for strategies to bridge gaps and meet the unmet need for effective and affordable contraceptive methods and supplies in Punjab in order to improve health outcomes.
A synthesis of taylor’s and fayol’s management approaches for managing market...Alexander Decker
1) The document discusses synthesizing Taylor's scientific management approach and Fayol's process management approach to identify an effective way to manage marketing executives in Nigerian banks.
2) It reviews Taylor's emphasis on efficiency and breaking tasks into small parts, and Fayol's focus on developing general management principles.
3) The study administered a survey to 303 marketing executives in Nigerian banks to test if combining elements of Taylor and Fayol's approaches would help manage their performance through clear roles, accountability, and motivation. Statistical analysis supported combining the two approaches.
A survey paper on sequence pattern mining with incrementalAlexander Decker
This document summarizes four algorithms for sequential pattern mining: GSP, ISM, FreeSpan, and PrefixSpan. GSP is an Apriori-based algorithm that incorporates time constraints. ISM extends SPADE to incrementally update patterns after database changes. FreeSpan uses frequent items to recursively project databases and grow subsequences. PrefixSpan also uses projection but claims to not require candidate generation. It recursively projects databases based on short prefix patterns. The document concludes by stating the goal was to find an efficient scheme for extracting sequential patterns from transactional datasets.
A survey on live virtual machine migrations and its techniquesAlexander Decker
This document summarizes several techniques for live virtual machine migration in cloud computing. It discusses works that have proposed affinity-aware migration models to improve resource utilization, energy efficient migration approaches using storage migration and live VM migration, and a dynamic consolidation technique using migration control to avoid unnecessary migrations. The document also summarizes works that have designed methods to minimize migration downtime and network traffic, proposed a resource reservation framework for efficient migration of multiple VMs, and addressed real-time issues in live migration. Finally, it provides a table summarizing the techniques, tools used, and potential future work or gaps identified for each discussed work.
A survey on data mining and analysis in hadoop and mongo dbAlexander Decker
This document discusses data mining of big data using Hadoop and MongoDB. It provides an overview of Hadoop and MongoDB and their uses in big data analysis. Specifically, it proposes using Hadoop for distributed processing and MongoDB for data storage and input. The document reviews several related works that discuss big data analysis using these tools, as well as their capabilities for scalable data storage and mining. It aims to improve computational time and fault tolerance for big data analysis by mining data stored in Hadoop using MongoDB and MapReduce.
1. The document discusses several challenges for integrating media with cloud computing including media content convergence, scalability and expandability, finding appropriate applications, and reliability.
2. Media content convergence challenges include dealing with the heterogeneity of media types, services, networks, devices, and quality of service requirements as well as integrating technologies used by media providers and consumers.
3. Scalability and expandability challenges involve adapting to the increasing volume of media content and being able to support new media formats and outlets over time.
This document surveys trust architectures that leverage provenance in wireless sensor networks. It begins with background on provenance, which refers to the documented history or derivation of data. Provenance can be used to assess trust by providing metadata about how data was processed. The document then discusses challenges for using provenance to establish trust in wireless sensor networks, which have constraints on energy and computation. Finally, it provides background on trust, which is the subjective probability that a node will behave dependably. Trust architectures need to be lightweight to account for the constraints of wireless sensor networks.
This document discusses private equity investments in Kenya. It provides background on private equity and discusses trends in various regions. The objectives of the study discussed are to establish the extent of private equity adoption in Kenya, identify common forms of private equity utilized, and determine typical exit strategies. Private equity can involve venture capital, leveraged buyouts, or mezzanine financing. Exits allow recycling of capital into new opportunities. The document provides context on private equity globally and in developing markets like Africa to frame the goals of the study.
This document discusses a study that analyzes the financial health of the Indian logistics industry from 2005-2012 using Altman's Z-score model. The study finds that the average Z-score for selected logistics firms was in the healthy to very healthy range during the study period. The average Z-score increased from 2006 to 2010 when the Indian economy was hit by the global recession, indicating the overall performance of the Indian logistics industry was good. The document reviews previous literature on measuring financial performance and distress using ratios and Z-scores, and outlines the objectives and methodology used in the current study.
Summer is a time for fun in the sun, but the heat and humidity can also wreak havoc on your skin. From itchy rashes to unwanted pigmentation, several skin conditions become more prevalent during these warmer months.
Are you looking for a long-lasting solution to your missing tooth?
Dental implants are the most common type of method for replacing the missing tooth. Unlike dentures or bridges, implants are surgically placed in the jawbone. In layman’s terms, a dental implant is similar to the natural root of the tooth. It offers a stable foundation for the artificial tooth giving it the look, feel, and function similar to the natural tooth.
Giloy in Ayurveda - Classical Categorization and SynonymsPlanet Ayurveda
Giloy, also known as Guduchi or Amrita in classical Ayurvedic texts, is a revered herb renowned for its myriad health benefits. It is categorized as a Rasayana, meaning it has rejuvenating properties that enhance vitality and longevity. Giloy is celebrated for its ability to boost the immune system, detoxify the body, and promote overall wellness. Its anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and antioxidant properties make it a staple in managing conditions like fever, diabetes, and stress. The versatility and efficacy of Giloy in supporting health naturally highlight its importance in Ayurveda. At Planet Ayurveda, we provide a comprehensive range of health services and 100% herbal supplements that harness the power of natural ingredients like Giloy. Our products are globally available and affordable, ensuring that everyone can benefit from the ancient wisdom of Ayurveda. If you or your loved ones are dealing with health issues, contact Planet Ayurveda at 01725214040 to book an online video consultation with our professional doctors. Let us help you achieve optimal health and wellness naturally.
Nano-gold for Cancer Therapy chemistry investigatory projectSIVAVINAYAKPK
chemistry investigatory project
The development of nanogold-based cancer therapy could revolutionize oncology by providing a more targeted, less invasive treatment option. This project contributes to the growing body of research aimed at harnessing nanotechnology for medical applications, paving the way for future clinical trials and potential commercial applications.
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, prompting the need for innovative treatment methods. Nanotechnology offers promising new approaches, including the use of gold nanoparticles (nanogold) for targeted cancer therapy. Nanogold particles possess unique physical and chemical properties that make them suitable for drug delivery, imaging, and photothermal therapy.
Breast cancer: Post menopausal endocrine therapyDr. Sumit KUMAR
Breast cancer in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) status is a common and complex condition that necessitates a multifaceted approach to management. HR+ breast cancer means that the cancer cells grow in response to hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. This subtype is prevalent among postmenopausal women and typically exhibits a more indolent course compared to other forms of breast cancer, which allows for a variety of treatment options.
Diagnosis and Staging
The diagnosis of HR+ breast cancer begins with clinical evaluation, imaging, and biopsy. Imaging modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI help in assessing the extent of the disease. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy sample confirm the diagnosis and hormone receptor status by identifying the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) on the tumor cells.
Staging involves determining the size of the tumor (T), the involvement of regional lymph nodes (N), and the presence of distant metastasis (M). The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system is commonly used. Accurate staging is critical as it guides treatment decisions.
Treatment Options
Endocrine Therapy
Endocrine therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for HR+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The primary goal is to reduce the levels of estrogen or block its effects on cancer cells. Commonly used agents include:
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Tamoxifen is a SERM that binds to estrogen receptors, blocking estrogen from stimulating breast cancer cells. It is effective but may have side effects such as increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events.
Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): These drugs, including anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, lower estrogen levels by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogen in peripheral tissues. AIs are generally preferred in postmenopausal women due to their efficacy and safety profile compared to tamoxifen.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs): Fulvestrant is a SERD that degrades estrogen receptors and is used in cases where resistance to other endocrine therapies develops.
Combination Therapies
Combining endocrine therapy with other treatments enhances efficacy. Examples include:
Endocrine Therapy with CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are CDK4/6 inhibitors that, when combined with endocrine therapy, significantly improve progression-free survival in advanced HR+ breast cancer.
Endocrine Therapy with mTOR Inhibitors: Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, can be added to endocrine therapy for patients who have developed resistance to aromatase inhibitors.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is generally reserved for patients with high-risk features, such as large tumor size, high-grade histology, or extensive lymph node involvement. Regimens often include anthracyclines and taxanes.
The biomechanics of running involves the study of the mechanical principles underlying running movements. It includes the analysis of the running gait cycle, which consists of the stance phase (foot contact to push-off) and the swing phase (foot lift-off to next contact). Key aspects include kinematics (joint angles and movements, stride length and frequency) and kinetics (forces involved in running, including ground reaction and muscle forces). Understanding these factors helps in improving running performance, optimizing technique, and preventing injuries.
NAVIGATING THE HORIZONS OF TIME LAPSE EMBRYO MONITORING.pdfRahul Sen
Time-lapse embryo monitoring is an advanced imaging technique used in IVF to continuously observe embryo development. It captures high-resolution images at regular intervals, allowing embryologists to select the most viable embryos for transfer based on detailed growth patterns. This technology enhances embryo selection, potentially increasing pregnancy success rates.
STUDIES IN SUPPORT OF SPECIAL POPULATIONS: GERIATRICS E7shruti jagirdar
Unit 4: MRA 103T Regulatory affairs
This guideline is directed principally toward new Molecular Entities that are
likely to have significant use in the elderly, either because the disease intended
to be treated is characteristically a disease of aging ( e.g., Alzheimer's disease) or
because the population to be treated is known to include substantial numbers of
geriatric patients (e.g., hypertension).
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/Pt1nA32sdHQ
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/uFdc9F0rlP0
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Function of taking care of elderly people in vietnamese families at present time
1. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-5766(Paper) ISSN 2225-0484(Online)
Vol.2, No.4, 2012
Function of taking care of elderly people in Vietnamese families at
present time
Nguyen Thanh Binh
Institute of Sociology, Free University of Berlin, Gary strasse 55, 14195 Berlin, Germany
E-mail: binh1980gdct@yahoo.com.vn
Abstract
Although Vietnamese government spitulated a lot of policies for elderly people, but the public support that is
currently available to the elderly is extremely limited. The state´s inability to provide full support to elderly people
so that the responsibility of taking care of them actually belongs to family. It is confirmed by the number of elderly
people living with their children when they are old and a lot of policies required families take care of elderly people.
The family undoubtedly continues to play a crucial role in providing older persons with care in Vietnam.
Keywords: Elderly people, Family, Vietnam
1. Introduction
The statistics from the 2009 Vietnam population and housing census as well as Vietnam Household Living
Standard Survey in recent years show that the proportion of old people is rising sharply in almost countries all
over the world. Vietnam is not an exception. The number of elderly people increased yearly. By the year 2008,
with the elderly population of 11%, Vietnam population starts ageing.
Elderly people in many other Asia countries usually live with a spouse and a married child is the social norm
for children to pay gratitude for elderly people. Is it true in Vietnam at the moment? The article tries to find the
answer of this question. To do it, I will present an overview of elderly people and analyze the performance of
taking care of elderly people in Vietnamese families nowadays.
2. Methodology
This article relies on the result of a lot of research: the statistics from the statistical agencies, especially from
General Statistical Office, General Office for Population Family Planning. It provides an overview statistics
about Vietnamese elderly people. Specifically, this article bases on the latest result of the 2009 Vietnam
population and housing census survey. Literary works, both written (novels, short stories and so on) and oral
ones (tales, folk songs, proverbs, and sayings, etc.) are used as well to understand the implementation of taking
care of elderly people in Vietnamese families.
3. Results
3.1 Elderly people in Vietnamese society at present time
The elderly populations in many countries are growing and will continue to grow in the coming years, both in
absolute numbers and as a percentage of the population. According to the medium-variant population
projections of the United Nations (2004), there are about 610 million people aged 60 and over (or 10 percent of
the world population in 2000). The number of elderly people reached 672 million in 2005 and this number is
expected to grow to around 1.9 billion people (or 22 percent of the world population) in 2050. Vietnam is
experiencing the changes just described.
In Vietnam, people aged from 60 years or above are defined as older persons or elderly people (Clause 1,
49
2. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-5766(Paper) ISSN 2225-0484(Online)
Vol.2, No.4, 2012
Chapter 1, The Ordinance on Elderly). In 1979, there were 3.71 million men and women age 60 and above,
representing 6.9% of the total population, and in 1989 the total of elderly people estimated 4.64 million
accounted for 7.2% of the total population. In 1999, the percentage of older people reached 8.2% or 6.19
million. According to the statistics from the 2008 Vietnam Household Living Standard Survey, the total of
elderly people estimated 9.47 million accounted for 11% of the total population. By the year 2020, Vietnam is
expected to have more than 12 million older persons. The importance of the issue becomes clearer when the
projected increases in the numbers of elderly people are (i) compared with those in the past and (ii) seen within
the context of the growth in the total population.
The number of elderly people increased by 5.76 million during 1979 - 2008. By the year 2008, with the elderly
population of 11%, Vietnam population starts ageing.
As elderly people make effective contributions to their families and society, following fine Vietnamese
traditions, the Vietnamese Communist Party, the State, citizens and society have always cared for elderly
people and consider it a matter of national ethics, respect, and responsibility. One of the objectives of the
National Action Program on elderly people (2005 - 2010) is to improve physical and mental health of aged
people.
Basically, Vietnam has had the following policies in place to protect and take care of elderly people:
- Ordinance of the Communist Party of Vietnam
- Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam
- Marriage and Family Law
- Civilian Law
- Labor Code
- Public Health Care Law
- Law of Crime
- Laws on Social Insurance
- Laws of Legal Aid
- Ordinance of special treatment of people with meritorious services to revolutions
- Ordinance of Veteran
- Ordinance of Disabled People
- The Ordinance of Ageing People and the Guidance to implement some items of this Ordinance
Although Vietnamese government spitulated a lot of policies for elderly people as mentioned above, but the
public support that is currently available to the elderly is extremely limited. The state´s inability to provide full
support to elderly people so that the responsibility of taking care of them actually belongs to family. It is
confirmed by the number of elderly people living with their children when they are old and a lot of policies
required families take care of elderly people. The family undoubtedly continues to play a crucial role in
providing older persons with care in Vietnam. This conclusion will be clarified in the next part.
3.2 Filial piety - a decisive factor for the care for ageing people in Vietnamese families
3.2.1 What is filial piety?
Filial piety is a concept originating with Confucianism. In somewhat general terms, filial piety means to be
good to one´s parents; to take care of one´s parents; to engage in good conduct not just towards parents but also
outside the home so as to bring a good name to one´s parents and ancestors; to perform the duties of one´s job
well so as to obtain the material means to support parents as well as carry out sacrifices to the ancestors; not be
rebellious; show love, respect and support; display courtesy; ensure male heirs, uphold fraternity among
50
3. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-5766(Paper) ISSN 2225-0484(Online)
Vol.2, No.4, 2012
brothers; wisely advise one´s parents, including sorrow for their sickness and death; and carry out sacrifices
after their death. But a core ideal of filial piety is the fulfillment of child´s obligations to the parent.
Filial piety is a social norm that parents should love their children and that children in turn should love and
respect their parents (Lew, 1995) to repay the comfort and aid received: “Children were made to feel keenly that
they owed parents a moral debt so immense as to be unpayable. A child was supposed to try to please his or her
parents all the time and in every way, to increase their comfort, to accede to all their wishes, to fulfill their
aspirations, to lighten their burden of work and of worry, and to comply with their wishes in all matters, great
and small” (Jamieson, 1993:17).
From that, we could define the filial piety is the responsibility of each person to respect their parents, obey
them, take care of them as they age, advise parents, and of course to love them.
3.2.2 The practice of filial piety in taking care of elderly people in Vietnamese families
Filial piety in families is defined: “Filial piety is respect, taking good care of parents wholeheartedly”. Parents’
love and sacrifice to give birth, foster and educate their children is so great which can never be compensated,
higher than sky and deeper than sea: “Parents’ love and sacrifice to give birth, foster and educate children /
Never forget all day and night/ Higher than sky and deeper than sea”.
Children must show gratitude to their parents by performing specific action. When parents are alive, children
must wholeheartedly support, always take care of, visit them; if unfortunately to live a beggarly life, hungry
with only maize or manioc, children must try to provide parents with food and drink, give what more delicious,
better for parents, desiring parents to live longer to receive repayment: “Old mother lives in a thatched hut/
Only visiting her day and night makes children’ mind easy”. The family education of feudal system of Vietnam
highlighted: “Parents are the most respectable ones/ Providing them with support and requital when they are
old/ Never forget parents’ grace/ Children must repay their parents”. Parents give birth, foster and bring up
children, sacrificing their youth for their children's maturity, success. When children grow up, their parents are
old, bad health, need good care from children. So many children are aware of this and repay their parents. They
always pay attention, take care and encourage their parents, making them feel pleasant with their old age. There
are the children who are very busy with their works but they have saved time to visit, to live with their parents,
shared weal and woe with their old parents, learnt about their inmost feelings and expectation and repaid their
parents.
In material term, when parents are old, children must serve their parents wholeheartedly. As a child, he/ she has
to know their parents’ meal taste, depending on his/ her financial capacity, to cook what their parents want to
eat. There are something to be noted that the elderly, with week teeth and stomach, so children should prepare
for them soft, easily digestive meal which is nutritious and suitable to parents’ taste. About clothing, elderly are
easily affected by weather so children must prepare suitable clothing for their parents, wool clothing in winter,
silk clothing in summer, help them feel strong enough to resist changeable weather. Special attention should be
paid to parents’ sleep, it is very difficult for the elderly to have good sleep and easily awake by noise, children
must prepare appropriate bedding for their parents’ good sleep, quiet during their sleep, go to bed after and get
up before their parents.
Everyone has to go through birth, aging, disease, and death. When parents are sick, children must take care of
them conscientiously, invite doctor, buy medicine for parents. Some elderly suffer from hemiplegia, cannot take
care of themselves, have meal and relieve themselves at the same place. The children who have parents like
that should not be fearful of serving their parents, should remember that when we were a small child, our
parents were not fearful of serving us.
In the old days, it is said that filial duty a child must: “fan parents when it is hot, warm up when it is cold, visit
them day and night”. Fan means in hot summer, children must stay up all night to fan their parents; warm up
means in frosty winter, bedding is cold so children must lie down in bed to warm it up for their parents to have
good sleep; visit day and night as the elderly are not as strong as young people. They may be in good health in
the evening but may be ill the following morning; their health is changeable so children must visit their parents
51
4. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-5766(Paper) ISSN 2225-0484(Online)
Vol.2, No.4, 2012
in the morning and in the evening to know their condition of health, to give them medicine in timely manner.
Above is material repayment and about spiritual aspect, children must repay with all their heart. We have to
understand that elderly always feel inferiority complex, self-pity when their children do not give them due
attention. Therefore, children must conscientiously take care of sick parents and always talk with them. If
children live far from parents, sometimes children must call to know their parents’ condition of health because
if we don’t do so when our parents alive, we will have no more opportunity when they passed away.
Another reason, the elderly are always fear of sorrow and do not want nuisance to happen because it is very
difficult for them to forget, to move such sorrow out of their heart once it happened. Therefore, children must
try their best not to do wrong thing, which might cause their parents’ sadness.
It is said that: “Grass grows on soil, bad habit in elderly”, parents at old age always feel aches and pains,
pull-brained, unpleasant, sometimes they scold their children not for justified cause or even they have just been
fed but said that they have not been fed, etc. Children must understand and sympathize with parents every time
they changes their mood, not bear a grudge against parents. Filial piety, firstly, children must be always observe
parents’ intention and must not make them feel sad and worried.
Children must try best to live a moral life and studious, make parents feel pleasant because elderly are always
happy when their children are dutiful and successful. Moral life and success of children are always invaluable
gift for their parents, are happiness and pride for their parents at old age.
Children should respect their parents’ pleasures and hobbies because young people have their own pleasures
and elderly also have their own pleasures. For example, if the parents who settled down far from their
homeland want to come back to their native land, children must save money, provide them with favorable
condition, to satisfy their expectation. This means as a child, he or she must respect parents’ hobbies and
expectation and try best to meet their needs to make parents happy.
4. Conclusion
The society is “aging” meanwhile population in each family has rapidly decreased (originated from guideline
“each married couple should have only one or two children”). That means the number of people who shoulder
the family affairs such as support grandparents and parents has been rapidly decreased also. In such context, it
is supposed that the caring for the elderly cannot be fully taken by each individual family but it must be
included as an important social policy. Thus, in Vietnam, paying attention to and caring for grandparents,
parents and the elderly aiming at improving and promoting the elderly in Vietnam currently have become a
significant and consistent policy of the Party and the State, responsibility of the whole political system, and
obligation of each family, community as well as society. It is very necessary to issue the Law on elderly to form
legal corridor for organization of the association, serve the lofty cause of caring of the elderly and make
contribution to realize filial piety in the new context.
References
Cang, C.V. (2006). Filial piety and conduct in the past and present. National Cultural Publishing House, pp.
181.
Central Population and Housing Census Steering Committee. (2010). The 2009 Vietnam population and
housing census: Completed results. Hanoi.
Dan Tri newspaper, 23rd August 2011.
General Statistical Office (2009). 2008 Vietnam Household Living Standard Survey. Hanoi.
Ho Chi Minh. (2000). Ho Chi Minh Volume. Vol. 7. National Political Publishing House.
52
5. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-5766(Paper) ISSN 2225-0484(Online)
Vol.2, No.4, 2012
Institute of Linguistics (2004). Vietnamese dictionary, pp. 439.
Jamieson, N.L. (1993). Understanding Vietnam. Berkely: University of California press.
Kiet, D.P. (2006). Vietnamese Families - Traditional values and social mental - pathological issues, pp. 120.
Lew, S.K. (1995). Filial piety and human society. Korea: The Academy of Korean Studies, pp. 19 - 36.
News Program -Vietnam Television, evening 19th November 2008.
Nhan, N.T (Translation) (1999). Book of rites. Literature Publishing House.
Sang, T.L. (Chief - author). (2002). Literature in Chinese and Chinese- transcribed Vietnamese, vol. 1 - Four
Books. Social Sciences Publishing House.
Tho, N.T. (2007). According to traditional filial duty, think about present filial duty. Review of Philosophy, No.
6, 2007.
Toan, D.T., Chau, D.T.M. (2007). Current situation and policy implementation of population ageing in
Vietnam: Key issues. Seminar on Social, Health and Economic cosequences of population ageing in the
context of changing families. Bangkok, July 25-27.
Trai, N. (1952). Family instructions. (Corrected by Thi Nham Dinh Gia Thuyet). Tan Viet Book, pp. 35.
Van, P.T. & Tram, B.T.H. (2007). The role of social networks in health care for elderly people in Vietnam.
Hanoi.
Vietnam News Agency, 19th June 2008.
Table 1. Elderly people in some countries (in:%)
1950 1975 2000 2025 2050
Japan 7.7 11.7 23.2 35.1 42.3
Singapore 3.7 6.7 10.6 30.0 35.0
Thailand 5.0 5.0 8.1 17.1 27.1
USA 12.5 14.8 16.1 24.8 26.9
China 7.5 6.9 10.1 19.5 29.9
Laos 4.6 4.6 5.6 7.0 13.3
Source: Van, P.T., Tram, B.T.H. (2007). The role of social networks in health care for elderly people in Vietnam,
pp. 5.
53
6. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-5766(Paper) ISSN 2225-0484(Online)
Vol.2, No.4, 2012
Table 2. Vietnam’ elderly people by number and percentage
Year Population Elderly people Elderly people in total
(Million) (Million) population (in:%)
1979 53.74 3.71 6.9
1989 64.41 4.64 7.2
1999 76.32 6.19 8.2
2002 79.73 7.37 9.24
2004 82.03 8.12 9.9
2006 84.14 8.75 10.4
2008 86.21 9.47 11
Source: - Authors’ calculation using National Committee for Population, Families and Children, Country
Report, December 2002
- 2008 Vietnam Household Living Standard Survey and Statistical Yearbook of Vietnam 2008
54
7. This academic article was published by The International Institute for Science,
Technology and Education (IISTE). The IISTE is a pioneer in the Open Access
Publishing service based in the U.S. and Europe. The aim of the institute is
Accelerating Global Knowledge Sharing.
More information about the publisher can be found in the IISTE’s homepage:
http://www.iiste.org
The IISTE is currently hosting more than 30 peer-reviewed academic journals and
collaborating with academic institutions around the world. Prospective authors of
IISTE journals can find the submission instruction on the following page:
http://www.iiste.org/Journals/
The IISTE editorial team promises to the review and publish all the qualified
submissions in a fast manner. All the journals articles are available online to the
readers all over the world without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than
those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself. Printed version of the
journals is also available upon request of readers and authors.
IISTE Knowledge Sharing Partners
EBSCO, Index Copernicus, Ulrich's Periodicals Directory, JournalTOCS, PKP Open
Archives Harvester, Bielefeld Academic Search Engine, Elektronische
Zeitschriftenbibliothek EZB, Open J-Gate, OCLC WorldCat, Universe Digtial
Library , NewJour, Google Scholar