Cells are the basic units of all living organisms. They contain organelles that perform specific functions, enabling the cell to function. The nucleus contains genetic material, while other organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts perform functions like energy production. Plant and animal cells both contain a nucleus and cytoplasm surrounded by a plasma membrane, but plant cells have an additional cell wall providing structure and protection.

1. CELL
STRUCTURES
AND CELL
ORGANISATION

2. CELLS =
BRICKS

3. Have you noticed how workers at a
construction site lay bricks to build the
walls of a house ?
Just as the walls of a house are made
of bricks, livings organisms are made
of basic units called cells.
They form the building blocks of all
living organism.

4. • Generally cell can
be divided to two
types, plant cell and
animal cell.
• Both animal and
plants cells consist
of
cytoplasm,nucleus
and surrounded by a
thin layer of plasma
membrane.

5. WHAT IS ORGANELLE?
The cytoplasm contains structures
called organelles.
Organelles perform specific functions
which enables the cell to function as a
unit of life.
Besides the nucleus, other examples of
organelles include mitochondria,
chloroplast, vacuoles, ribosomes,
lysosomes and the Golgi apparatus.

6. cell membrane

7. Refers to all the membranes found
inside the cell
• the membrane at the surface which
encloses the content of a cell is called
plasma membrane.
• made of proteins and phospholipids
• separates the content of a cell from the
outer environment.
• semi-permeable and regulates the
movement of substances into and out
of the cytoplasm.

8. cell wall

9. • Rigid outer layer that surrounds the
plasma membrane of plant cells
• composed of cellulose,a a tough and
fibrous carbohydrate
• permeable to all fluids
• gives shape to a plant cell
• provides mechanical support
• protection from rupturing

10. cytoplasm

11. • region between the nucleus and the
plasma membrane.
• jelly-like matrix in which organelles
are suspended.
• acts a a medium for biochemical
reactionsin the cell.
• provides substances obtained from the
external environment to the organelles.

12. organelles and
their functions

13. nucleus

14. • large,dense and spherical organelle
enclosed by nuclear membrane
• contain nucleolus, chromatin @
chromosome and nucleoplasm
• choromosomes carry genetic
information
• controls all the activities which take
place in the cell

15. vacuole

16. • fluid-filled sac surrounded by
tonoplast
• contain cell sap
• plant cell contain more vacuole
compared with animal cell
• helps to regulate water balance
• acts as a storage place in a cell
• support herbaceous plant

17. mitochondria

18. • small spherical organelles
• involved in cellular respiration
• store energy in the form of ATP

19. ribosomes

20. • compact spherical organelles found
attached to the surface of the rough
endoplasmic reticulum or suspended
freely in the cytoplasm
• contains two subunits,comprises a type
of ribonucleic acid (RNA) and protein
• synthesis protein

21. endoplasmic
reticulum

22. • physically continuos with the nuclear
membrane
• two types: rough ER and smooth ER
• RER: transport protiens made by
ribosome
• SER: the site of important metabolic
reactions,including synthesis of lipids

23. golgi apparatus
• functions as a processing, packaging
and transporting centre of
carbohydrates, proteins, phospholipids
and glycoproteins

24. lysosomes
• membrane-bound
sacs that contain hydrolytic enzymes
• eliminate worn out
mitochondria and
others damaged
organelles
• digest bacteria by
breaking
down the bacteria
cell wall

25. centrioles

26. chloroplasts

27. • typically lens-shaped
• contain green pigment chlorophyll
• chlorophyll traps sunlight and convert
light energy to chemical energy during
photosynthesis

28. •
IQ TEST

29. QUESTION 1
livings organisms are made of basic units
known as ?
• A – vacuole
• B – nucleus
• C – cell
• D - muscle

30. Tahniah!jawapan anda
betul!!
So clever =)

31. Kurang tepat..sila cuba
lagi ya =)

32. QUESTION 2
Below are two types of cell except :
• A – animal
• B – plant
• C – plasma membrane

33. Tahniah!jawapan anda
betul!!
So clever =)

34. Kurang tepat..sila cuba
lagi ya =)

35. QUESTION 3
Which of the following is true about the
cell
gives shape to a plant cell
provides mechanical support
protection from rupturing
• A – cell wall
• B – cell membrane
• C – cytoplasma
• D - vacoule

36. Tahniah!jawapan anda
betul!!
So clever =)

37. Kurang tepat..sila cuba
lagi ya =)

38. QUESTION 4
What picture is it?
• A – nucleus
• B – cell wall
• C – mitochondria
• D – cell membrane

39. Tahniah!jawapan anda
betul!!
So clever =)

40. Kurang tepat..sila cuba
lagi ya =)

41. QUESTION 5
Which of the following is the function
of chloroplast
A - gives shape to a plant cell
• B - contain green pigment chlorophyll
• C - store energy in the form of ATP
• D - provides mechanical support

42. Tahniah!jawapan anda
betul!!
So clever =)

43. Kurang tepat..sila cuba
lagi ya =)