From SR15 to Working Group II AR6 - From the Special Report on 1.5 Degrees Global Warming to the Working Group II Contribution to the IPCC Sixth Assessment Cycle
This document outlines the structure and key areas of focus for the IPCC's Working Group II contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report. It discusses the report's three main sections covering climate risks and impacts, regional analyses, and sustainable development pathways. Key topics will include risks to ecosystems, cities, health and livelihoods from climate change; regional and cross-regional analyses of observed impacts, projected risks, and adaptation options; and integrated approaches to managing risk through adaptation and mitigation linked to sustainable development goals.
Regional Perspective - Central and South America - Feasibility assessment: mi...ipcc-media
The document discusses mitigation and adaptation options to limit global warming to 1.5°C. It assesses the feasibility of options across six dimensions: economic, technological, institutional, socio-cultural, environmental, and geophysical. Adaptation needs will be lower in a 1.5°C world compared to 2°C. Both incremental and transformational adaptation are discussed. Case studies from Latin America and the Caribbean highlight indigenous knowledge, watershed management, disaster preparedness, and forests/food security. Limiting warming will require systemic changes across sectors through mitigation and complementary adaptation actions. A mix of options can enable transitions when aligned with development and supported by governments.
The document summarizes key findings from the IPCC Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5°C as they relate to Africa. It notes that many regions in Africa have already experienced warming greater than the global average between 2006-2015. Limiting warming to 1.5°C rather than 2°C would avoid greater climate change impacts on sustainable development, poverty eradication, and reducing inequalities in Africa if mitigation and adaptation efforts are maximized. International cooperation can help provide an enabling environment for countries to undertake ambitious climate actions to limit warming to 1.5°C.
Chapter 3 -Avoiding impacts and impacts avoided – new frontiers for climate i...ipcc-media
This document discusses the objectives of climate impact science after the Paris Agreement. It aims to inform mitigation efforts by assessing impacts associated with countries' NDCs and impacts avoided by increasing mitigation ambition. It also aims to inform adaptation by providing robust science. The document outlines how climate impact science can inform both mitigation and adaptation actions by assessing impacts and risks over different time horizons and scales, from global to local levels. It emphasizes linking this science to sustainable development goals and contexts.
4 December - Looing Ahead to SROCC and SRCCL - The IPCC Sixth Assessment Cycleipcc-media
The document provides an overview of the IPCC Sixth Assessment Cycle which will produce several reports between 2015 and 2022. It summarizes the upcoming Special Report on Climate Change and Land (SROCC) which will focus on topics like desertification, land degradation, and food security. It also summarizes the Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate (SRCCL) which will examine topics like sea level rise, marine ecosystems, and polar regions. Finally, it outlines the structure and timeline for the three working group reports that will be released as part of the Sixth Assessment Cycle.
Cities and Climate Change - Cities and climate change adaptationipcc-media
This document discusses the impacts of climate change on cities and calls for urgent action. It notes that urbanization is increasing global population and cities are concentrating economic and social activity. However, cities also face increased climate risks like heat waves, flooding, sea level rise and drought. These risks disproportionately impact the poor and populations in developing nations. The document calls for rapid transitions in energy, land, infrastructure and industry to limit warming to 1.5C. It also advocates adaptation measures in cities like urban planning, green infrastructure, water management and strengthened urban governance to build climate resilience.
Regional Perspective - Asia - Pathways with 1.5oC Global Warming in Asiaipcc-media
This document summarizes key points from a presentation on pathways to limit global warming to 1.5°C in Asia. It notes that limiting warming to 1.5°C would require unprecedented emissions cuts across all sectors through a range of technologies and behavioral changes. Progress in renewable energy deployment in Asia would need to match reductions in other high-emitting sectors. The document outlines some of the key challenges Asia faces in transitioning to a low-carbon future, as well as opportunities to pursue sustainable development synergies. Country examples from Thailand, Bhutan, and Indonesia provide insights into existing renewable energy plans and climate targets in the region.
The document summarizes key points from the IPCC AR5 Synthesis Report. It discusses that climate change is a broad issue that affects many aspects of society and the economy. It notes the climate system is changing due to human-caused greenhouse gas emissions. The impacts of climate change are already occurring worldwide and affecting both rich and poor countries. Choices about mitigation and adaptation will determine future temperature increases and impacts, with substantial mitigation needed to limit warming to safer levels.
This document discusses climate change and its causes, impacts, and potential solutions. It notes that climate change is affecting the entire world due to human-caused greenhouse gas emissions. Both near-term changes by 2050 and long-term changes beyond 2050 depend on emissions levels in the coming decades. There are options to act to reduce risks from climate change impacts.
Regional Perspective - Central and South America - Feasibility assessment: mi...ipcc-media
The document discusses mitigation and adaptation options to limit global warming to 1.5°C. It assesses the feasibility of options across six dimensions: economic, technological, institutional, socio-cultural, environmental, and geophysical. Adaptation needs will be lower in a 1.5°C world compared to 2°C. Both incremental and transformational adaptation are discussed. Case studies from Latin America and the Caribbean highlight indigenous knowledge, watershed management, disaster preparedness, and forests/food security. Limiting warming will require systemic changes across sectors through mitigation and complementary adaptation actions. A mix of options can enable transitions when aligned with development and supported by governments.
The document summarizes key findings from the IPCC Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5°C as they relate to Africa. It notes that many regions in Africa have already experienced warming greater than the global average between 2006-2015. Limiting warming to 1.5°C rather than 2°C would avoid greater climate change impacts on sustainable development, poverty eradication, and reducing inequalities in Africa if mitigation and adaptation efforts are maximized. International cooperation can help provide an enabling environment for countries to undertake ambitious climate actions to limit warming to 1.5°C.
Chapter 3 -Avoiding impacts and impacts avoided – new frontiers for climate i...ipcc-media
This document discusses the objectives of climate impact science after the Paris Agreement. It aims to inform mitigation efforts by assessing impacts associated with countries' NDCs and impacts avoided by increasing mitigation ambition. It also aims to inform adaptation by providing robust science. The document outlines how climate impact science can inform both mitigation and adaptation actions by assessing impacts and risks over different time horizons and scales, from global to local levels. It emphasizes linking this science to sustainable development goals and contexts.
4 December - Looing Ahead to SROCC and SRCCL - The IPCC Sixth Assessment Cycleipcc-media
The document provides an overview of the IPCC Sixth Assessment Cycle which will produce several reports between 2015 and 2022. It summarizes the upcoming Special Report on Climate Change and Land (SROCC) which will focus on topics like desertification, land degradation, and food security. It also summarizes the Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate (SRCCL) which will examine topics like sea level rise, marine ecosystems, and polar regions. Finally, it outlines the structure and timeline for the three working group reports that will be released as part of the Sixth Assessment Cycle.
Cities and Climate Change - Cities and climate change adaptationipcc-media
This document discusses the impacts of climate change on cities and calls for urgent action. It notes that urbanization is increasing global population and cities are concentrating economic and social activity. However, cities also face increased climate risks like heat waves, flooding, sea level rise and drought. These risks disproportionately impact the poor and populations in developing nations. The document calls for rapid transitions in energy, land, infrastructure and industry to limit warming to 1.5C. It also advocates adaptation measures in cities like urban planning, green infrastructure, water management and strengthened urban governance to build climate resilience.
Regional Perspective - Asia - Pathways with 1.5oC Global Warming in Asiaipcc-media
This document summarizes key points from a presentation on pathways to limit global warming to 1.5°C in Asia. It notes that limiting warming to 1.5°C would require unprecedented emissions cuts across all sectors through a range of technologies and behavioral changes. Progress in renewable energy deployment in Asia would need to match reductions in other high-emitting sectors. The document outlines some of the key challenges Asia faces in transitioning to a low-carbon future, as well as opportunities to pursue sustainable development synergies. Country examples from Thailand, Bhutan, and Indonesia provide insights into existing renewable energy plans and climate targets in the region.
The document summarizes key points from the IPCC AR5 Synthesis Report. It discusses that climate change is a broad issue that affects many aspects of society and the economy. It notes the climate system is changing due to human-caused greenhouse gas emissions. The impacts of climate change are already occurring worldwide and affecting both rich and poor countries. Choices about mitigation and adaptation will determine future temperature increases and impacts, with substantial mitigation needed to limit warming to safer levels.
This document discusses climate change and its causes, impacts, and potential solutions. It notes that climate change is affecting the entire world due to human-caused greenhouse gas emissions. Both near-term changes by 2050 and long-term changes beyond 2050 depend on emissions levels in the coming decades. There are options to act to reduce risks from climate change impacts.
6 Dec - Chapter 5 - Key findings from Chapter 5: Strengthening the global res...ipcc-media
This chapter from the IPCC Special Report on 1.5°C focuses on sustainable development, poverty eradication, and reducing inequalities in the context of limiting global warming to 1.5°C. It finds that 1.5°C of warming poses fewer risks to achieving sustainable development goals than 2°C but still threatens human and ecosystem well-being. Mitigation and adaptation consistent with 1.5°C can create synergies with sustainable development through low energy pathways and place-specific solutions, but also trade-offs like risks for fossil fuel dependent economies. Achieving sustainable development while limiting warming will require coordinated global cooperation, attention to equity, and fundamental societal changes.
4 December - From SR15 to Synthesis Report - IPCC Special Report on the Ocean...ipcc-media
The document summarizes the IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate (SROCC). It discusses that the SROCC was proposed in 2015 to assess observed and projected changes to oceans and cryosphere and their impacts. An outline was developed at a scoping meeting in 2016 and agreed in 2017. The SROCC will provide an assessment of climate impacts on oceans and cryosphere and implications for human and ecological systems, as well as adaptation and resilience options. It will have 6 chapters covering topics like sea level rise, polar regions, and oceans and risk management. The timeline for the SROCC includes opportunities for expert and government review.
SBSTA - IPCC Special Event - Strengthening the global response in the context...ipcc-media
The document discusses strengthening the global response to climate change in the context of sustainable development and efforts to eradicate poverty. It notes that limiting warming to 1.5°C rather than 2°C would better avoid negative impacts on these goals. While adaptation and mitigation can provide synergies, poorly planned efforts can also create trade-offs. Enabling conditions to limit warming include strengthened governance, policy tools, technology innovation, lifestyle changes, and finance mobilization. A mix of local, national, and global action is needed across sectors through a participatory process.
An overview of the predicted change in energy demand over time, given the projection that economic growth in the emerging and developing countries is not only overtaking growth in the industrialized countries, but that growth rates are poised to continue increasing and will make unsustainable demands on conventional energy resources, and especially fossil fuels unless drastic action, climate action in fact, is taken to address this concern.
Slide presentations developed to demonstrate how Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) be used to address climate change, and why ICTs are a crucial part of the solution – i.e. in promoting efficiency, Green Growth & sustainable development, in dealing with climate change and for climate and environmental action. These slide presentations were delivered in February 2011 in Seongnam, near Seoul in Korea.
These presentations were developed and delivered over 2.5 days on the occasion of a Regional Training of Trainers Workshop for upcoming Academy modules on ICT for Disaster Risk Management and Climate Change Abatement. These modules were developed as part of the Academy of ICT Essentials for Government leaders developed by the United Nations (UN) Asia Pacific Centre for ICT Training (APCICT), based in Songdo City, in the Republic of South Korea.
These presentations were developed in 2011, and are somewhat out of date, but most of the principles still apply. Module 10, which has been published, does not include much of the information outlined in these presentations, which are fairly technical. They were developed to address a significant gap in understanding of the technical basis of using ICTs for climate action and because there is a clear bias in development circles against the importance of dealing with climate change mitigation in developing countries. These presentations are an attempt to redress this lack and are published here with this purpose in mind.
The author, Richard Labelle, is presently working on updating these presentations to further highlight the importance of addressing climate change and the important role that technology including ICTs, play in this effort.
Key findings from SR15: Implications on Sustainable Development, Poverty Redu...ipcc-media
This document discusses the implications of mitigation efforts to limit global warming to 1.5°C on sustainable development goals. It finds that low-energy pathways have the most synergies and fewest trade-offs with sustainable development. Appropriately designed carbon dioxide removal options and a portfolio of mitigation actions that protect the poor can help maximize benefits and minimize negative impacts across development goals. However, a rapid transition away from fossil fuels poses high risks for countries dependent on mining and export revenues that require diversification policies.
Resilient cities and 1.5°C climate changeipcc-media
Cities will be heavily impacted by climate change, with rising populations exacerbating risks from heat waves, flooding, disease, and water scarcity. Limiting warming to 1.5°C instead of 2°C could reduce health risks in cities and prevent over 350 million additional people from experiencing heat stress by 2050. Many coastal mega cities are also at risk from sea level rise and compound flooding. However, cities also provide opportunities to pursue adaptation strategies like green infrastructure, flood protection, early warning systems, and sustainable water management that support development goals. Place-specific adaptation pathways that consider communities' values and trade-offs can maximize well-being benefits at all development levels.
Regional Perspectives - AOSIS - The special report’s relevance for the UNFCCC...ipcc-media
This document summarizes key points from the IPCC's special report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels. It notes that we are currently around 1°C of warming and may reach 1.5°C as early as 2030-2052 if emissions continue unabated. However, warming to 1.5°C is not yet locked in if emissions are stopped. Impacts are substantially greater between 1.5°C and 2°C of warming. Current country commitments are insufficient to limit warming to 1.5°C and will require enhanced cooperation on governance, finance, technology and adaptation, especially for vulnerable regions. International support is essential to help developing countries strengthen
Highlight of the IPCC Work and Process and Findings from the IPCC Special Rep...ipcc-media
1. The IPCC report summarizes the key findings from the Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5°C regarding the impacts of limiting average global temperature increases to 1.5°C compared to 2°C.
2. Limiting warming to 1.5°C rather than 2°C could reduce the number of people affected by climate change impacts and reduce risks to biodiversity, food security, and economic growth.
3. Urgent and unprecedented global actions are needed to limit warming to 1.5°C, including substantial reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and carbon removal from the atmosphere. Every bit of additional warming will raise the risk of severe consequences.
SR15 - Climate Change and Sustainable Developmentipcc-media
This document summarizes an IPCC special report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels. It discusses how climate mitigation measures can have both positive and negative interactions with development actions. It provides examples of mitigation actions in the energy demand, energy supply, and land sectors. While many measures help achieve sustainable development goals, overreliance on land-based measures like bioenergy and afforestation could increase food insecurity if not properly managed. Redistributive policies across sectors and populations can help address potential trade-offs.
Interactions of Climate Change and Climate Responses with Sustainable Develop...ipcc-media
The document discusses the linkages between climate change mitigation and sustainable development. It notes that climate mitigation measures can have both positive and negative impacts on development goals. Positive impacts include synergies with goals around energy demand, energy supply, and land use through actions like improving energy efficiency, expanding renewable energy and biomass, soil carbon sequestration, and reducing deforestation. However, an overreliance on land-based measures like bioenergy and afforestation could negatively impact food security if not properly managed. The document indicates that redistributive policies across sectors and populations can help resolve potential tradeoffs between mitigation and development goals.
Emission Pathways and System Transitions Consistent with 1.5°C Global Warmingipcc-media
The document discusses emission pathways that would be consistent with limiting global warming to 1.5°C. It defines emission pathways and different classes based on temperature trajectories. It notes that to limit warming to 1.5°C, CO2 emissions would need to be reduced by about 45% by 2030 from 2010 levels and reach net zero around 2050, and that reducing non-CO2 emissions would provide health benefits. It also states that limiting warming to 1.5°C would require changes on an unprecedented scale across all sectors including deep emissions cuts, a range of technologies, behavioral changes, and increased investment in low carbon options.
Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability: Overview of AR5 WGII contributionipcc-media
This document provides an overview of the contributions of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. It discusses the framing of climate change risks and opportunities in interaction with adaptation, mitigation and sustainable development. The assessment includes over 500,000 review comments from 308 authors across 70 countries. It finds widespread observed impacts of climate change around the world and increased risks to food and water security, health, coastal flooding and poverty with continued high emissions and warming. The report also examines regional vulnerabilities and opportunities for additional adaptation to reduce risks in Southeast Asia, South Asia and the Lower Mekong Basin.
State action plans on climate change_Preeti Soni, UNDP_15 October 2014India Water Portal
This document discusses State Action Plans on Climate Change (SAPCCs) in India. It provides background on climate change and its impacts. It then describes the process undertaken by states to develop SAPCCs, which help translate national climate policy to the local level. SAPCCs assess state-level vulnerabilities, identify adaptation and mitigation strategies, and prioritize actions. While 20 SAPCCs have been approved, challenges remain around implementation capacities, monitoring, financing, and coordinating with national policy. Ongoing work focuses on strengthening implementation mechanisms and exploring funding opportunities.
Regional Perspective - Central and South America - 1.5ºC Special Report: Reth...ipcc-media
The document discusses the impacts of climate change in Latin America and the Caribbean region and strategies for addressing it. It notes that the IPCC estimates global warming of 1.5°C could be reached by 2040 and outlines impacts like melting glaciers and changes to daily life and economies. It also discusses opportunities around urbanization, employment, and health. Comprehensive and participatory strategies are needed that harmonize policies and budgets across countries and ensure a just transition respecting human rights. Climate finance will be important to support the necessary actions.
Land and climate Key messages for students ipcc-media
This document summarizes key messages from an IPCC report on land and climate. It notes that global warming is already occurring across continents and oceans, affecting both rich and poor countries. While some solutions involve better land management, land alone cannot solve the problem as energy production is the primary driver of greenhouse gas emissions. The document calls for coordinated responses including science-based decision making, spatial planning, measures to reduce emissions from food production, and both near-term adaptation and long-term mitigation efforts across all sectors to minimize impacts on land systems and enable ecological restoration.
IPCC key messages from the Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) and from the Special...ipcc-media
The document summarizes key findings from the IPCC's Fifth Assessment Report and Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5°C. It finds that human influence has clearly warmed the climate and continued emissions will amplify risks. Limiting warming to 1.5°C would require global carbon neutrality by 2050 and deep emissions cuts by 2030, but provides greater benefits than 2°C. Rapid transitions are needed across energy, land, urban and industrial systems through measures like decarbonization, electrification, and carbon removal. Urgent action is required to mitigate climate change and ensure a sustainable future.
Global challenges in delivering Climate Educationipcc-media
This document discusses global challenges in delivering climate education. It provides context on the goals of climate education under the UNFCCC and efforts to promote education, training, and public awareness as outlined in Article 6. While Article 6 aims to increase public participation and develop responses to climate change, efforts have struggled with limited funding and few countries including education in their climate plans. The document also examines obstacles to increasing climate literacy and discusses how education itself can contribute to resource use as secondary education is coupled with planetary boundaries. It emphasizes transforming education to become more sustainable and regenerative.
Lecture 7: Urban Climate Change Mitigation and AdaptationESD UNU-IAS
The document discusses Dr. Riyanti Djalante's background and expertise in areas related to climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction. It includes her educational background, current role at the United Nations University, research interests, and consultancy experience working with various organizations on projects in Indonesia. The final section provides an outline for a presentation on cities and climate change mitigation and adaptation.
Theme 4 - Climate Change Mitigation and AdaptationCIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation by Christopher Martius, Henry Neufeldt, Glenn Hyman and Laura Snook focuses on the objectives and structure of the climate change adaptation and mitigation program of the FTA Research Program, their evolution over time, the major accomplishments and the main obstacles and challenges.
Introduction to and overview of the SRCCLipcc-media
This document provides an overview and introduction to the IPCC Special Report on Climate Change and Land. The summary includes:
- The report was authored by 107 authors from 52 countries, with 40% being female and 53% from developing countries. It assessed over 7,000 scientific publications and received over 28,000 review comments.
- The report examines the interactions between climate change and land use, including the impacts of climate change on agriculture, food systems, and land degradation. It also evaluates the role of land in mitigation efforts.
- A key finding is that while land-based solutions can contribute to reducing emissions, land cannot shoulder the full burden of mitigation - deep reductions are needed across all sectors. Rely
Sixth Assessment Report Cycle; Special Reports with Focus on Climate Change a...ipcc-media
The document outlines the Sixth Assessment Cycle of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). It discusses the two upcoming special reports focusing on climate change and land, as well as ways to get involved in the IPCC process. The special reports will examine global warming of 1.5°C, the impacts on oceans and cryosphere, and the interactions between climate change and land. The Sixth Assessment Cycle will also include updated methodology guidelines and the three working group reports being released in 2021 and 2022.
Turning Black into Green - Incorporating DRR into Social and Economic Develop...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
6 Dec - Chapter 5 - Key findings from Chapter 5: Strengthening the global res...ipcc-media
This chapter from the IPCC Special Report on 1.5°C focuses on sustainable development, poverty eradication, and reducing inequalities in the context of limiting global warming to 1.5°C. It finds that 1.5°C of warming poses fewer risks to achieving sustainable development goals than 2°C but still threatens human and ecosystem well-being. Mitigation and adaptation consistent with 1.5°C can create synergies with sustainable development through low energy pathways and place-specific solutions, but also trade-offs like risks for fossil fuel dependent economies. Achieving sustainable development while limiting warming will require coordinated global cooperation, attention to equity, and fundamental societal changes.
4 December - From SR15 to Synthesis Report - IPCC Special Report on the Ocean...ipcc-media
The document summarizes the IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate (SROCC). It discusses that the SROCC was proposed in 2015 to assess observed and projected changes to oceans and cryosphere and their impacts. An outline was developed at a scoping meeting in 2016 and agreed in 2017. The SROCC will provide an assessment of climate impacts on oceans and cryosphere and implications for human and ecological systems, as well as adaptation and resilience options. It will have 6 chapters covering topics like sea level rise, polar regions, and oceans and risk management. The timeline for the SROCC includes opportunities for expert and government review.
SBSTA - IPCC Special Event - Strengthening the global response in the context...ipcc-media
The document discusses strengthening the global response to climate change in the context of sustainable development and efforts to eradicate poverty. It notes that limiting warming to 1.5°C rather than 2°C would better avoid negative impacts on these goals. While adaptation and mitigation can provide synergies, poorly planned efforts can also create trade-offs. Enabling conditions to limit warming include strengthened governance, policy tools, technology innovation, lifestyle changes, and finance mobilization. A mix of local, national, and global action is needed across sectors through a participatory process.
An overview of the predicted change in energy demand over time, given the projection that economic growth in the emerging and developing countries is not only overtaking growth in the industrialized countries, but that growth rates are poised to continue increasing and will make unsustainable demands on conventional energy resources, and especially fossil fuels unless drastic action, climate action in fact, is taken to address this concern.
Slide presentations developed to demonstrate how Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) be used to address climate change, and why ICTs are a crucial part of the solution – i.e. in promoting efficiency, Green Growth & sustainable development, in dealing with climate change and for climate and environmental action. These slide presentations were delivered in February 2011 in Seongnam, near Seoul in Korea.
These presentations were developed and delivered over 2.5 days on the occasion of a Regional Training of Trainers Workshop for upcoming Academy modules on ICT for Disaster Risk Management and Climate Change Abatement. These modules were developed as part of the Academy of ICT Essentials for Government leaders developed by the United Nations (UN) Asia Pacific Centre for ICT Training (APCICT), based in Songdo City, in the Republic of South Korea.
These presentations were developed in 2011, and are somewhat out of date, but most of the principles still apply. Module 10, which has been published, does not include much of the information outlined in these presentations, which are fairly technical. They were developed to address a significant gap in understanding of the technical basis of using ICTs for climate action and because there is a clear bias in development circles against the importance of dealing with climate change mitigation in developing countries. These presentations are an attempt to redress this lack and are published here with this purpose in mind.
The author, Richard Labelle, is presently working on updating these presentations to further highlight the importance of addressing climate change and the important role that technology including ICTs, play in this effort.
Key findings from SR15: Implications on Sustainable Development, Poverty Redu...ipcc-media
This document discusses the implications of mitigation efforts to limit global warming to 1.5°C on sustainable development goals. It finds that low-energy pathways have the most synergies and fewest trade-offs with sustainable development. Appropriately designed carbon dioxide removal options and a portfolio of mitigation actions that protect the poor can help maximize benefits and minimize negative impacts across development goals. However, a rapid transition away from fossil fuels poses high risks for countries dependent on mining and export revenues that require diversification policies.
Resilient cities and 1.5°C climate changeipcc-media
Cities will be heavily impacted by climate change, with rising populations exacerbating risks from heat waves, flooding, disease, and water scarcity. Limiting warming to 1.5°C instead of 2°C could reduce health risks in cities and prevent over 350 million additional people from experiencing heat stress by 2050. Many coastal mega cities are also at risk from sea level rise and compound flooding. However, cities also provide opportunities to pursue adaptation strategies like green infrastructure, flood protection, early warning systems, and sustainable water management that support development goals. Place-specific adaptation pathways that consider communities' values and trade-offs can maximize well-being benefits at all development levels.
Regional Perspectives - AOSIS - The special report’s relevance for the UNFCCC...ipcc-media
This document summarizes key points from the IPCC's special report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels. It notes that we are currently around 1°C of warming and may reach 1.5°C as early as 2030-2052 if emissions continue unabated. However, warming to 1.5°C is not yet locked in if emissions are stopped. Impacts are substantially greater between 1.5°C and 2°C of warming. Current country commitments are insufficient to limit warming to 1.5°C and will require enhanced cooperation on governance, finance, technology and adaptation, especially for vulnerable regions. International support is essential to help developing countries strengthen
Highlight of the IPCC Work and Process and Findings from the IPCC Special Rep...ipcc-media
1. The IPCC report summarizes the key findings from the Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5°C regarding the impacts of limiting average global temperature increases to 1.5°C compared to 2°C.
2. Limiting warming to 1.5°C rather than 2°C could reduce the number of people affected by climate change impacts and reduce risks to biodiversity, food security, and economic growth.
3. Urgent and unprecedented global actions are needed to limit warming to 1.5°C, including substantial reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and carbon removal from the atmosphere. Every bit of additional warming will raise the risk of severe consequences.
SR15 - Climate Change and Sustainable Developmentipcc-media
This document summarizes an IPCC special report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels. It discusses how climate mitigation measures can have both positive and negative interactions with development actions. It provides examples of mitigation actions in the energy demand, energy supply, and land sectors. While many measures help achieve sustainable development goals, overreliance on land-based measures like bioenergy and afforestation could increase food insecurity if not properly managed. Redistributive policies across sectors and populations can help address potential trade-offs.
Interactions of Climate Change and Climate Responses with Sustainable Develop...ipcc-media
The document discusses the linkages between climate change mitigation and sustainable development. It notes that climate mitigation measures can have both positive and negative impacts on development goals. Positive impacts include synergies with goals around energy demand, energy supply, and land use through actions like improving energy efficiency, expanding renewable energy and biomass, soil carbon sequestration, and reducing deforestation. However, an overreliance on land-based measures like bioenergy and afforestation could negatively impact food security if not properly managed. The document indicates that redistributive policies across sectors and populations can help resolve potential tradeoffs between mitigation and development goals.
Emission Pathways and System Transitions Consistent with 1.5°C Global Warmingipcc-media
The document discusses emission pathways that would be consistent with limiting global warming to 1.5°C. It defines emission pathways and different classes based on temperature trajectories. It notes that to limit warming to 1.5°C, CO2 emissions would need to be reduced by about 45% by 2030 from 2010 levels and reach net zero around 2050, and that reducing non-CO2 emissions would provide health benefits. It also states that limiting warming to 1.5°C would require changes on an unprecedented scale across all sectors including deep emissions cuts, a range of technologies, behavioral changes, and increased investment in low carbon options.
Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability: Overview of AR5 WGII contributionipcc-media
This document provides an overview of the contributions of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. It discusses the framing of climate change risks and opportunities in interaction with adaptation, mitigation and sustainable development. The assessment includes over 500,000 review comments from 308 authors across 70 countries. It finds widespread observed impacts of climate change around the world and increased risks to food and water security, health, coastal flooding and poverty with continued high emissions and warming. The report also examines regional vulnerabilities and opportunities for additional adaptation to reduce risks in Southeast Asia, South Asia and the Lower Mekong Basin.
State action plans on climate change_Preeti Soni, UNDP_15 October 2014India Water Portal
This document discusses State Action Plans on Climate Change (SAPCCs) in India. It provides background on climate change and its impacts. It then describes the process undertaken by states to develop SAPCCs, which help translate national climate policy to the local level. SAPCCs assess state-level vulnerabilities, identify adaptation and mitigation strategies, and prioritize actions. While 20 SAPCCs have been approved, challenges remain around implementation capacities, monitoring, financing, and coordinating with national policy. Ongoing work focuses on strengthening implementation mechanisms and exploring funding opportunities.
Regional Perspective - Central and South America - 1.5ºC Special Report: Reth...ipcc-media
The document discusses the impacts of climate change in Latin America and the Caribbean region and strategies for addressing it. It notes that the IPCC estimates global warming of 1.5°C could be reached by 2040 and outlines impacts like melting glaciers and changes to daily life and economies. It also discusses opportunities around urbanization, employment, and health. Comprehensive and participatory strategies are needed that harmonize policies and budgets across countries and ensure a just transition respecting human rights. Climate finance will be important to support the necessary actions.
Land and climate Key messages for students ipcc-media
This document summarizes key messages from an IPCC report on land and climate. It notes that global warming is already occurring across continents and oceans, affecting both rich and poor countries. While some solutions involve better land management, land alone cannot solve the problem as energy production is the primary driver of greenhouse gas emissions. The document calls for coordinated responses including science-based decision making, spatial planning, measures to reduce emissions from food production, and both near-term adaptation and long-term mitigation efforts across all sectors to minimize impacts on land systems and enable ecological restoration.
IPCC key messages from the Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) and from the Special...ipcc-media
The document summarizes key findings from the IPCC's Fifth Assessment Report and Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5°C. It finds that human influence has clearly warmed the climate and continued emissions will amplify risks. Limiting warming to 1.5°C would require global carbon neutrality by 2050 and deep emissions cuts by 2030, but provides greater benefits than 2°C. Rapid transitions are needed across energy, land, urban and industrial systems through measures like decarbonization, electrification, and carbon removal. Urgent action is required to mitigate climate change and ensure a sustainable future.
Global challenges in delivering Climate Educationipcc-media
This document discusses global challenges in delivering climate education. It provides context on the goals of climate education under the UNFCCC and efforts to promote education, training, and public awareness as outlined in Article 6. While Article 6 aims to increase public participation and develop responses to climate change, efforts have struggled with limited funding and few countries including education in their climate plans. The document also examines obstacles to increasing climate literacy and discusses how education itself can contribute to resource use as secondary education is coupled with planetary boundaries. It emphasizes transforming education to become more sustainable and regenerative.
Lecture 7: Urban Climate Change Mitigation and AdaptationESD UNU-IAS
The document discusses Dr. Riyanti Djalante's background and expertise in areas related to climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction. It includes her educational background, current role at the United Nations University, research interests, and consultancy experience working with various organizations on projects in Indonesia. The final section provides an outline for a presentation on cities and climate change mitigation and adaptation.
Theme 4 - Climate Change Mitigation and AdaptationCIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation by Christopher Martius, Henry Neufeldt, Glenn Hyman and Laura Snook focuses on the objectives and structure of the climate change adaptation and mitigation program of the FTA Research Program, their evolution over time, the major accomplishments and the main obstacles and challenges.
Introduction to and overview of the SRCCLipcc-media
This document provides an overview and introduction to the IPCC Special Report on Climate Change and Land. The summary includes:
- The report was authored by 107 authors from 52 countries, with 40% being female and 53% from developing countries. It assessed over 7,000 scientific publications and received over 28,000 review comments.
- The report examines the interactions between climate change and land use, including the impacts of climate change on agriculture, food systems, and land degradation. It also evaluates the role of land in mitigation efforts.
- A key finding is that while land-based solutions can contribute to reducing emissions, land cannot shoulder the full burden of mitigation - deep reductions are needed across all sectors. Rely
Similar to From SR15 to Working Group II AR6 - From the Special Report on 1.5 Degrees Global Warming to the Working Group II Contribution to the IPCC Sixth Assessment Cycle
Sixth Assessment Report Cycle; Special Reports with Focus on Climate Change a...ipcc-media
The document outlines the Sixth Assessment Cycle of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). It discusses the two upcoming special reports focusing on climate change and land, as well as ways to get involved in the IPCC process. The special reports will examine global warming of 1.5°C, the impacts on oceans and cryosphere, and the interactions between climate change and land. The Sixth Assessment Cycle will also include updated methodology guidelines and the three working group reports being released in 2021 and 2022.
Turning Black into Green - Incorporating DRR into Social and Economic Develop...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
The Climate Change and Land -findings from the Fifth Assessment Report and up...ipcc-media
This document provides information about the IPCC's Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) and the Special Report on Climate Change and Land (SRCCL).
It begins with an overview of the timeline and structure of the AR6 cycle and then discusses the development of the SRCCL, including the scoping process, author selection, and outline. The SRCCL aims to provide an integrated analysis of the interactions between climate change, desertification, land degradation, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes.
Compared to previous IPCC reports, the SRCCL offers a more comprehensive perspective by analyzing multiple drivers of natural resource management related to food, water and energy security. It also examines land degradation from a food security lens
The document summarizes a presentation by Dr. Riyanti Djalante on urban disaster risk reduction. It provides an overview of her background and research interests, which include conceptual frameworks for hazards, risks, vulnerability and resilience. It then outlines key concepts related to disaster risk reduction and frameworks such as the Hyogo Framework and Sendai Framework. The presentation discusses how cities face increased disaster risks due to factors like population concentration, infrastructure development, and effects of climate change. It analyzes the risks cities face from hazards like flooding, earthquakes and storms. The presentation emphasizes the importance of understanding risk and implementing measures to strengthen urban resilience and disaster preparedness.
Overview of the IPCC, its role, mandate, history and the production of the IP...ipcc-media
The IPCC was established in 1988 by the World Meteorological Organization and the United Nations Environment Programme to provide comprehensive assessments of the scientific basis of climate change. It has produced several assessment reports and special reports that have informed international climate change negotiations and policies. The IPCC follows an intensive review process involving scientists and representatives from governments around the world to produce reports that are neutral and policy-relevant assessments of climate change science and impacts. It is currently producing its Sixth Assessment report to inform the global response to climate change.
Special Report on the Climate Change and LandJesbin Baidya
This document outlines the process for developing the IPCC Special Report on Climate Change and Land. It discusses:
1) How the topic was selected in 2015-2016 based on proposals from countries regarding land and climate change.
2) The scoping process in 2017 which identified priority issues to address through a questionnaire and expert meeting.
3) The Dublin expert meeting where participants developed and agreed on a detailed outline and chapter structure for the report.
4) An overview of some of the key issues that will be covered in the chapters on desertification, land degradation, and food security.
Parliament - IPCC Working Group II: assessing research on impacts, adaptation...ipcc-media
This document summarizes the work of the IPCC Working Group II on assessing research related to climate change impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability for the 6th assessment cycle. It discusses the role of the IPCC in providing comprehensive and objective scientific assessments to inform understanding of climate risk. It also outlines the key reports and findings of past assessment cycles that have influenced international climate policy agreements. Finally, it previews some of the open questions that Working Group II plans to explore further in the 6th assessment cycle, including more detailed analysis of risks associated with warming of 1.5°C versus higher levels.
4 December - Looing Ahead to SROCC and SRCCL - Special Report on the Ocean an...ipcc-media
The document provides an overview of the IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate (SROCC). It discusses that special reports address specific policy-relevant issues outside of the main assessment reports. The SROCC focuses on observed and projected changes to oceans and cryosphere and associated risks, impacts, and adaptation options. It will inform policies to address climate-related changes to oceans and cryosphere. The report was developed under joint leadership of IPCC working groups and involved experts from various disciplines and countries.
The document summarizes the key findings of the Working Group II contribution to the IPCC's Fifth Assessment Report on climate change impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. Some of the main points covered include:
- The report assessed risks and opportunities for societies, economies and ecosystems around the world from observed and future impacts of climate change.
- It found that risks are reduced under lower emissions scenarios compared to higher emissions scenarios, particularly in the second half of the 21st century.
- Key risks identified across sectors and regions include risks from sea level rise, flooding, extreme heat, food insecurity and loss of livelihoods and ecosystems.
- The risks are unevenly distributed and generally greater for disadvantaged communities.
The document provides an overview of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). It describes the IPCC as a United Nations body that assesses the science related to climate change. It produces major assessment reports every 6-7 years on climate change impacts, causes, and future risks as well as special reports on specific topics. The IPCC involves scientists and experts from around the world and aims to provide objective information to inform policymakers. Recent achievements include its assessment reports influencing international agreements like the Paris Agreement. The speaker outlines upcoming special reports and the sixth major assessment report planned for 2020-2022.
SROCC and other special reports: process, content and regional involvement ipcc-media
The document provides an introduction to the IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate (SROCC). It notes that special reports address policy-relevant issues requiring input from multiple working groups. The SROCC will assess observed and projected changes to oceans and cryosphere and associated risks, impacts, and adaptation options. It will have 6 chapters covering high mountain areas, polar regions, sea level rise, marine ecosystems, extremes/abrupt changes, and links to the IPCC's Sixth Assessment working group. The report aims to inform climate policies and actions.
IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate (SROCC) ipcc-media
The document provides an introduction to the IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate (SROCC). It notes that special reports address policy-relevant issues requiring input from multiple working groups. The SROCC will assess observed and projected changes to oceans and cryosphere and associated risks, impacts, and adaptation options. It will have 6 chapters covering high mountain areas, polar regions, sea level rise, marine ecosystems, extremes/abrupt changes, and links to the IPCC's Sixth Assessment working group. The report aims to inform climate policies and actions.
The document provides an overview of climate change mitigation. It discusses the key findings of the IPCC's 4th assessment report, including that warming of the climate is unequivocal and human-caused GHG emissions are the dominant cause. It outlines the state of climate change science and reasons for concern about impacts. The document then examines global GHG emissions sources and trends by gas and sector. Finally, it explores mitigation options and policies, co-benefits of mitigation, and the relationship between mitigation, adaptation and sustainable development.
1. Tracking adaptation progress is crucial for informing the global stocktake and accelerating effective adaptation globally.
2. However, there is little knowledge on the effectiveness of adaptation policies and actions in reducing climate risks.
3. A new approach called GAP-Track is proposed to track adaptation beyond the country level and indicators, using expert judgement to assess adaptation challenges across multiple dimensions.
Role- IPCC: How it works and what it’s working onGetting more involvedipcc-media
The document summarizes activities and findings of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). It outlines the IPCC's history and role in assessing climate change science since 1988. It describes the IPCC's current Sixth Assessment cycle which includes several special reports issued in 2018 and 2019, and the three working group reports and synthesis report to be released in 2021 and 2022. The document encourages involvement in the IPCC process through contributing literature, participating as a writer or reviewer, and working with national governments.
Presentation phl - j tio - integrated assessmentNAP Events
This document summarizes the Philippine government's approach to assessing climate and disaster risk and vulnerability. It outlines a framework using integrated assessment approaches to evaluate hazards, sectoral impacts, vulnerability and climate projections. The assessment is conducted at various spatial and temporal scales using exposure and damage databases, flood modeling, and climate change projections. It aims to build adaptive capacity and resilience through plans developed using a bottom-up approach and partnerships between national and local governments. Challenges include building technical capacity, securing financial resources, and institutionalizing the process for long-term sustainability.
ICLR Friday Forum: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability (March 11, 2022)glennmcgillivray
On March 11, 2022, ICLR conducted a Friday Forum Webinar titled 'What are some key findings relevant to the Canadian context from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Sixth Assessment Report – Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adoption and Vulnerability?" led by Linda Mortsch.
IPCC Assessment Reports are considered the gold standard for information on climate change impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. In February 2022, the second of four reports in the sixth assessment cycle - Working Group II’s Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability - was released. It represents the culmination of an exacting process where experts review and assess climate change information in order to provide a synthesis for decision-making that is policy-relevant but not policy prescriptive. This presentation addresses three topics. It begins by describing the unique IPCC assessment process. Next, it highlights key, overarching findings from the report’s Summary for Policy Makers (SPM), which has received governments’ approval. Lastly, it focuses on the North America Chapter providing details relevant to the Canadian context on a wide range of topics such as water resources, forest fires, cities, and economic sectors.
Linda Mortsch has devoted much of her career to addressing climate change issues and facilitating adaptation planning and decision-making in water resources, coastal zones, wetland ecosystems and urban areas. She has expertise collaborating with stakeholders to assess impacts, vulnerability, and resilience, and initiate adaptation. Her 1992 research project “Adapting to climate variability and change in the Great Lakes Basin” was one of the first to engage stakeholders and explore adaptation to climate change in Canada. Since 1989, Linda has played a role in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), a co-recipient of the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize. For the sixth assessment cycle, she was the Convening Lead Author for the North America chapter. Now retired from Environment and Climate Change Canada, Linda has an adjunct appointment in the Faculty of Environment at the University of Waterloo. She continues to undertake studies that support adaptation capacity building and help meet the challenges of moving from adaptation planning to implementation and from incremental to transformative changes. Linda received the 2009 University of Waterloo, Faculty of Environment, Alumni Achievement Award in recognition of professional achievement and distinguished environmental and community leadership.
Environmental Adaption and Mitigation Strategies for Upgrading Industrial slu...IRJET Journal
This document discusses environmental adaptation and mitigation strategies for upgrading industrial slum areas, using the Shubra district of Cairo, Egypt as a case study. It begins by outlining the urban and environmental problems prevalent in slums, including lack of infrastructure, high population density, and pollution from nearby industrial activities. The study area of Shubra contains many slums and is a major industrial zone, home to oil refineries and other factories. GIS analysis is used to map and classify industries in the area according to their environmental impacts. The goal is to identify adaptation and mitigation mechanisms to reduce health effects on residents from industrial pollution and improve the environment.
Day 3 - Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) process (including focus on SR on Ocean...ipcc-media
This document provides information about the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and its Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) focusing on the ocean and cryosphere. The IPCC's role is to objectively assess scientific information on climate change, impacts, and response options. The AR6 will include three special reports in 2019, including one on oceans and cryosphere, and the main Working Group reports in 2021. The document outlines the timeline and process for developing the special report on oceans and cryosphere (SROCC), including nominations by region, country, and efforts to improve gender balance. It emphasizes that individual contributions to the report are important for comprehensively assessing this critical issue.
Similar to From SR15 to Working Group II AR6 - From the Special Report on 1.5 Degrees Global Warming to the Working Group II Contribution to the IPCC Sixth Assessment Cycle (20)
Slide deck for the IPCC Briefing to Latvian Parliamentariansipcc-media
This document summarizes a briefing given by IPCC officials to members of the Latvian Parliament. It discusses the IPCC's Sixth Assessment Report, focusing on mitigation pathways and options available now to halve emissions by 2030 in key sectors. Specific mitigation opportunities highlighted include building retrofits, urban solutions, and the crucial role of the built environment in achieving carbon neutrality. Adaptation strategies are also addressed, with examples given of the European Climate Mission providing support to update risk assessments and develop adaptation plans in focus areas like Latvia.
Climate change mitigation and adaptation options have the potential for synergies and trade-offs with the UN's Sustainable Development Goals. Mitigation and adaptation measures could support certain SDGs related to health, food security, cities and communities, while also potentially conflicting with economic and social development goals depending on how they are designed and implemented. Policymakers should consider these interactions to maximize co-benefits and minimize negative impacts across mitigation, adaptation and development efforts.
Food, agriculture, land, and water: Insights from AR6 and knowledge gaps for AR7ipcc-media
Climate change is impacting the global water cycle and leading to effects across many economic sectors and societies. Most documented adaptations relate to water, and water is central to adaptation, though effectiveness decreases with increased warming. Many mitigation measures have significant water footprints that must be managed to reduce impacts on water and food security. Knowledge gaps remain around transition pathways for the agricultural sector that balance mitigation, adaptation, and sustainable development.
Climate change is already impacting global food systems and future impacts are expected to be systemic, especially from increased heat. Climate change will raise risks of food insecurity, but climate adaptation of food systems can reduce these risks while also lowering greenhouse gas emissions. While climate adaptation in agriculture and food systems has received more attention, current adaptation efforts remain fragmented, small-scale, and focused more on planning than implementation.
Climate change, food, agriculture , land and A guide to findings in the IPCC’...ipcc-media
This document provides an overview of key findings from the IPCC's 6th assessment cycle regarding climate change impacts on food and water systems, risks of food systems and deforestation to climate change, climate change mitigation potentials, and synergies with sustainable development goals. It lists relevant figures from the IPCC reports and provides contact information for the IPCC Secretariat and Press Office.
Assessing the land sector potential in IPCC AR6 WGIIIipcc-media
The document discusses estimates of the land sector's potential to mitigate climate change from 2020-2050. It finds that the cost-effective potential (less than $100/ton of CO2) is estimated to be 8-14 gigatons of CO2 equivalent per year on average, which represents 24-42% of the sector's technical mitigation potential. Bottom-up sectoral models provide higher-resolution estimates at country and sub-national levels but have difficulty accounting for interactions between sectors, while integrated assessment models link all economic sectors but have coarser resolution and consider fewer land-based mitigation activities.
Overview of the IPCC Inventory Software for National Greenhouse Gas Inventori...ipcc-media
The document provides an overview of the latest version (2.89) of the IPCC Inventory Software for estimating national greenhouse gas inventories. Key points:
- Version 2.89 implements Tier 1-3 methods from the 2006 IPCC Guidelines and elements of the 2019 Refinement to facilitate reporting to the UNFCCC.
- It allows estimation of emissions at subnational levels and includes functions for uncertainty analysis and interfacing with the UNFCCC reporting tool.
- The software guides users through the estimation process category-by-category and generates a JSON file that can be imported into the UNFCCC reporting tool.
The IPCC Emission Factor Database (EFDB) is an open library launched in 2002 that contains emission factors and other parameters used to estimate national greenhouse gas emissions. It is regularly updated with new peer-reviewed data and its usage and downloaded data have increased over time. In 2023, a new upgraded version was released with enhanced search functions and data statistics. An annual meeting is held for editorial board members and data providers to discuss proposals for new data to include and ways to improve the database. Over 2,400 new data points were recently accepted for inclusion after robustness, applicability, and documentation criteria were met.
IPCC TFI work on Methodology Report on Short-lived Climate Forcers (SLCFs)ipcc-media
The IPCC decided to develop a new Methodology Report on Short-Lived Climate Forcers during the AR7 cycle. Expert meetings were held to analyze existing methodologies, identify knowledge gaps, and develop category and species lists. A scoping meeting will take place in 2024 to determine the report outline, authors, and workplan. The report will be developed over several years and author meetings, with reviews by experts, governments, and the IPCC before final publication in 2027.
Adaptation-Mitigation Synergies and Trade-offsipcc-media
Dr. Debora Ley presented at COP28 in Dubai on the Sixth Assessment Report from Working Group II on impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. The presentation discussed adaptation and mitigation synergies and trade-offs, the feasibility of adaptation measures, and thanked the audience for their attention.
Adaptation-Mitigation Synergies and Tradeoffsipcc-media
This document discusses the synergies and tradeoffs between climate change adaptation and mitigation. It states that mitigation is critical to ensuring a wide range of effective adaptation options by limiting global warming increase. With increased warming, both human and natural systems will face greater losses and damages and exceed their limits of adaptation. The document also notes that response measures to climate change, like deployment of bioenergy crops, can impact food systems, ecosystems and water scarcity if used over large amounts of land. Dedicated bioenergy crops consistent with mitigation scenarios could require an area half the size of current global cropland.
Lessons learned and impacts of enhancing participation of young scientists in...ipcc-media
Sonia Seneviratne gave a presentation on involving youth and improving participation of young scientists in the IPCC process from a European perspective. She discussed how the climate crisis will impact future young generations the most. While young scientists made up 63% of first-time authors for the IPCC's AR6 report, most recurring authors were from Europe and North America. Barriers to participation for European youth included the extensive travel required for in-person meetings. Seneviratne concluded it is essential to better involve young people by having them serve as authors, observers, and stakeholders, and by reducing demands for travel through more virtual meetings while continuing support for less developed countries.
Opportunities for Early Career Scientists to Contribute to IPCC work & the IP...ipcc-media
This document outlines opportunities for early career scientists to contribute to and get involved with the IPCC assessment process, including the approved outline, nomination and selection of authors, expert reviews, and the IPCC Scholarship Programme. It notes key milestones in the AR7 assessment process such as scoping approval, internal/government reviews, and report approval. The IPCC Scholarship Programme provides opportunities for young scientists from developing countries to further their climate change studies and has awarded over 90 scholarships to date funded by various partners.
The IPCC Inventory Software for the Waste Sector allows for subnational disaggregation of waste data and implements methods for estimating greenhouse gas emissions from waste. It features a Waste Type Manager to centrally manage parameters for different waste categories. Users can select waste types and disposal sites to estimate methane emissions. The software also enables estimation of nitrous oxide from industrial wastewater and interoperates with UNFCCC reporting tools. A guidebook for the waste sector is under development.
Interoperability between the IPCC Inventory Software and IPCC Inventory Softw...ipcc-media
The document summarizes guidebooks being produced by the IPCC to support use of its inventory software. It describes guidebooks for the energy and AFOLU sectors that provide step-by-step guidance on using the software to estimate emissions for each category. It also describes a guide on land representation that explains how to characterize land types and units in the software's land managers. User feedback is sought to improve the guidebooks and address any issues.
Interoperability between the IPCC Inventory Software and the UNFCCC ETF Repor...ipcc-media
This document discusses interoperability between the IPCC Inventory Software and the UNFCCC ETF Reporting Tool to help countries meet their reporting obligations under the Paris Agreement. It outlines a 6-step process for countries to use the IPCC Software to estimate emissions, generate a JSON file, import this file into the ETF Tool to visualize and quality check their inventory data, and finally submit it to the UNFCCC. The goal is to promote consistency, reduce errors and burden, and provide organizational support to countries. Future releases of the IPCC Software will add additional sectors to be interoperable with the ETF Tool by June 2024.
Overview of the IPCC Inventory Software for National Greenhouse Gas Inventori...ipcc-media
The document provides an overview of the latest version (2.89) of the IPCC Inventory Software for estimating national greenhouse gas inventories. Version 2.89 implements Tier 1-3 methods from the 2006 IPCC Guidelines and elements of the 2019 Refinement. It also facilitates interoperability with the UNFCCC reporting tool. The software allows subnational reporting, uses of mixed Tiers, and stores inventory data in a single database. Ongoing work includes developing a land representation tool and guidebook. The IPCC TSU provides support to users through documentation, help desk, and annual meetings.
Carbon Dioxide Removal to reach net-zero and return from overshootipcc-media
1) The document discusses key findings around carbon dioxide removal (CDR) from the IPCC's Sixth Assessment Report (AR6).
2) AR6 defines CDR as activities that remove CO2 from the atmosphere and store it durably, including both natural and enhanced biological and geochemical sinks as well as direct air capture with storage.
3) AR6 assessed CDR methods and their effects, finding that feedbacks will determine CDR effectiveness in drawing down atmospheric CO2. Pathways in AR6 all involve some amount of CDR to balance residual emissions, but specific volumes depend on contextual factors.
The road ahead for the IPCC Special Report on Climate Change and Cities in AR7ipcc-media
The document discusses the upcoming IPCC Special Report on Climate Change and Cities in AR7. It notes that the report is supported by several organizations and will involve contributions from all three IPCC working groups. It also discusses how the report will build upon cross-working group integration that began in AR6, examining topics like urban climate impacts, policy options, and the climate impacts of mitigation actions. The document asks what people are looking for in the upcoming Special Report and why.
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.tiwarimanvi3129
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Recycling and Disposal on SWM Raymond Einyu pptxRayLetai1
Increasing urbanization, rural–urban migration, rising standards of living, and rapid development associated with population growth have resulted in increased solid waste generation by industrial, domestic and other activities in Nairobi City. It has been noted in other contexts too that increasing population, changing consumption patterns, economic development, changing income, urbanization and industrialization all contribute to the increased generation of waste.
With the increasing urban population in Kenya, which is estimated to be growing at a rate higher than that of the country’s general population, waste generation and management is already a major challenge. The industrialization and urbanization process in the country, dominated by one major city – Nairobi, which has around four times the population of the next largest urban centre (Mombasa) – has witnessed an exponential increase in the generation of solid waste. It is projected that by 2030, about 50 per cent of the Kenyan population will be urban.
Aim:
A healthy, safe, secure and sustainable solid waste management system fit for a world – class city.
Improve and protect the public health of Nairobi residents and visitors.
Ecological health, diversity and productivity and maximize resource recovery through the participatory approach.
Goals:
Build awareness and capacity for source separation as essential components of sustainable waste management.
Build new environmentally sound infrastructure and systems for safe disposal of residual waste and replacing current dumpsites which should be commissioned.
Current solid waste management situation:
The status.
Solid waste generation rate is at 2240 tones / day
collection efficiently is at about 50%.
Actors i.e. city authorities, CBO’s , private firms and self-disposal
Current SWM Situation in Nairobi City:
Solid waste generation – collection – dumping
Good Practices:
• Separation – recycling – marketing.
• Open dumpsite dandora dump site through public education on source separation of waste, of which the situation can be reversed.
• Nairobi is one of the C40 cities in this respect , various actors in the solid waste management space have adopted a variety of technologies to reduce short lived climate pollutants including source separation , recycling , marketing of the recycled products.
• Through the network, it should expect to benefit from expertise of the different actors in the network in terms of applicable technologies and practices in reducing the short-lived climate pollutants.
Good practices:
Despite the dismal collection of solid waste in Nairobi city, there are practices and activities of informal actors (CBOs, CBO-SACCOs and yard shop operators) and other formal industrial actors on solid waste collection, recycling and waste reduction.
Practices and activities of these actor groups are viewed as innovations with the potential to change the way solid waste is handled.
CHALLENGES:
• Resource Allocation.
From SR15 to Working Group II AR6 - From the Special Report on 1.5 Degrees Global Warming to the Working Group II Contribution to the IPCC Sixth Assessment Cycle
1. IPCC Sixth Assessment Cycle:
post-SR15 research agenda –
pointers to WGII
Dr. Hans-Otto Pörtner and Dr. Debra Roberts,
IPCC WGII Co-Chairs
COP24 Katowice, December 2018
2. • storyline from climate to natural systems to human
societies, their response options, the associated
feedback potential
• framework that incorporates risk reduction through
adaptation and mitigation
• wider use of social sciences for adaptation (lifestyle
choices: decision making, behaviour, consumption,
technologies, societal inertia and transformation)
• address tradeoffs and synergies between climate
change adaptation and mitigation link to policy goals
(e.g., SDGs, poverty reduction, biodiversity)
• Focus on solutions
AR6 WGII Co-Chairs’ overarching goals
3. Sixth Assessment Report:
Working Group II Outline
Chapter 1: Point of departure and key concepts
SECTION 1: RISKS, ADAPTATION AND SUSTAINABILITY
FOR SYSTEMS IMPACTED BY CLIMATE CHANGE
Chapter 2: Terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems and the
changing structure and their services
Chapter 3: Ocean and coastal ecosystems and their
services
Chapter 4: Water
Chapter 5: Food, fibre, and other ecosystem products
Chapter 6: Cities, settlements and key infrastructure
Chapter 7: Health, wellbeing of communities
Chapter 8: Poverty, livelihoods and sustainable
development
4. SECTION 2: REGIONS
Chapter 9: Africa
Chapter 10: Asia
Chapter 11: Australasia
Chapter 12: Central and South America
Chapter 13: Europe
Chapter 14: North America
Chapter 15: Small Islands
Sixth Assessment Report:
Working Group II Outline (cont’d)
5. Common elements
• Regional/subregional climate
• WGI/WGII information, combined with risk assessment
• Detection and attribution
• Sectoral climate risk (land, coast, regional oceans)
• Cultural and psychological dimensions
• Observed impacts, projected risks (including residual risks
and developing pathways)
• Adaptation options (incremental/transformational;
adaptive capacity, enabliers/barriers, ...)
• Governance, economic aspects (legal, financial,
institutional, ...)
• Cross-sectoral, intra-/inter-regional issues (including
time scale)
• Interaction of risk and responses with sustainable
AR6 WGII - highlight: Regional Chapters
6. SECTION 3: SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PATHWAYS:
INTEGRATING ADAPTATION AND MITIGATION
Chapter 16: Key risks across sectors and regions
Chapter 17: Decision-making options for managing risk
Chapter 18: Climate resilient development pathways
Sixth Assessment Report:
Working Group II Outline (cont’d)
7. CROSS CHAPTER PAPERS
Biodiversity hotspots (land, coasts and oceans)
Cities and settlements by the sea
Deserts, semi-arid areas, and desertification
Mediterranean region
Mountains
Polar regions
Tropical forests
Sixth Assessment Report:
Working Group II Outline (cont’d)
8.
9. SR1.5 pointers to AR6 WGII
2018: Global Warming of 1.5°C
• Impacts on natural and human systems (Ch. 3)
• Strengthening and implementing the global response
(including adaptation and mitigation trade-offs) (Ch. 4)
• Sustainable development, poverty eradication, reducing
inequalities (Ch. 5)
• Regional impacts and adaptation at 1.5, 2ºC and
higher levels of warming
• Projections of risks under a range of climate and
development pathways
• More complex and integrated socio-economic
models for predicting the response of terrestrial
ecosystems to climate
• Tools for informing local and regional decision-
making
10. SR1.5 pointers to AR6 WGII
Overarching challenges
• Transformative adaptation and adaptation pathways
• Governance mechanisms across scales; barriers and
enablers for adaptation
• Involvement of Indigenous and local communities
and their knowledge in adaptation
• Regional information on adaptation options;
monitoring and evaluating progress of adaptation
• Avoiding maladaptation; socio-cultural perspectives
on impacts of adaptation options (e.g., conservation
agriculture, coastal protection, agroforestry,
biodiversity management)
11. SR1.5 pointers to AR6 WGII
Complexity aspects
• Cumulative effects of multiple stresses and risks,
e.g., increased storm intensity interacting with sea
level rise and the effect on coastal people; feedback
on wetlands due to climate change and human
activities
• Synergies and trade-offs with adaptation, mitigation
and sustainable development, e.g., energy and water
sectors, food production systems, carbon dioxide
removal (CDR), biodiversity conservation, poverty
alleviation, competition for land
12. Urban areas:
• ~70% global fossil fuel CO2 emissions
• contain 54% world population (2014)
• Asian and African cities to contain 60% world
population by 2050
• are key in understanding and managing global
climate impacts
and risk
• New Urban Agenda – Habitat III conference 2016
• focus theme in WGII AR6, including cities chapter and
cross-chapter paper
AR6 WGII - highlight: Cities & Climate
Change
13. Balancing AR6 with Upcoming Special
Reports
2019: Ocean and Cryosphere
• High mountain areas (Ch. 2), Polar regions (Ch. 3)
• Sea level rise; implications for low-lying islands,
coasts, communities (Ch. 4; CC-Box)
• Changing ocean, marine ecosystems, dependent
communities (Ch. 5)
• Extremes, abrupt changes, managing risks (Ch. 6)
14. Balancing AR6 with Upcoming Special
Reports
2019: Ocean and Cryosphere
• High mountain areas (Ch. 2), Polar regions (Ch. 3)
• Sea level rise; implications for low-lying islands,
coasts, communities (Ch. 4; CC-Box)
• Changing ocean, marine ecosystems, dependent
communities (Ch. 5)
• Extremes, abrupt changes, managing risks (Ch. 6)
2019: Land
• Desertification (Ch. 3), Land degradation (Ch. 4), Food
security (land) (Ch. 5)
• Risk management, decision making with respect to
sustainable development (incl. institutions,
governance) (Ch. 6)
16. Scenarios
• common set of scenarios across WGs
• consistent set of indicators to use across WGs
• guidance document on scenarios and their uses
17. Regional aspects
• Attributes of climate information (variables and
processed derivatives, resolution in time and space)
need to be determined by characteristics of impacted
systems and regions
• Provide transparent assessment of robustness of
information/observations as a team, including
assessment of the principles and approaches to
interpretation
• Align/harmonize information from WGI with
assessment of regional literature by WGII
• Distinguish more clearly between attribution to
human influence on climate and attribution to
observed climate change (the former applies to
climate variables while the latter applies to impacts)
• Define extreme events from the perspective of
impacts
18. Risk Framework
• knowledge base of risk
• different degrees of quantification
• Broadened view of risk, but still within IPCC boundaries
• WGI/WGII coordination to produce probabilistic
information on climate events for risk calculations
• application of risk assessment to WGIII topics, e.g., risks
of application of new technologies to mitigation
• visibility to human and social factors and social impacts,
especially risks to most vulnerable people, ethical
aspects
• many stakeholders – including business community,
finance, insurance
• flipside of risks – opportunities, inclusion of solutions to
climate risk problems
• mitigation and adaptation measures to reduce risk
19. Aadaptation mitigation interactions
• addressed in sectoral chapters (Ch. 2-8; incl. impacts of
mitigation, and interactions between adaptation-
mitigation)
• Synergies and trade-offs of sustainable development,
adaptation, and mitigation assessed specifically (Ch. 18)
• analysis of economic and social benefits of mitigation
and adaption (incl. avoided impacts), with respect to
sustainable development
• social aspects (e.g., geopolitical, gender, ethnic, equity)
of impacts of adaptation and mitigation, with respect to
sustainable development
20. Geoengineering
primarily WGI-WGIII interaction
WGII involvement
• consequences on permafrost, carbon cycle, land
use and change
• blue carbon context of adaptation and mitigation
impacts and interactions
• impacts and feedbacks from geoengineering
• social acceptability, governance and risks of
geoengineering
21. Global Stocktake
• across all WG
• mitigation, adaptation and financing and support
• WGII specific
• assessment of guidance and development of metrics
for adaptation progress across scales
• assessment of adaptation needs and costs, risks and
vulnerability
• past and future adaptation policy options
• WGII and WGIII
• Interactions of adaptation needs and limits with
mitigation
Editor's Notes
Information on selected regional and sub-regional climate characteristics and zones
covers provision of succinct information that will inform the reader in relation to subsequent elements covered in each regional chapter.
Summary Table and/or figures with WGI and WGII information, combined with risk assessment (e.g., SREX SPM.1)
aimed at creation of a visual, integrative summary of new findings from WGII and III (since AR5) on the effect of regional changes on human and natural systems combined and assessments of risk.
Detection and attribution of observed impacts and responses in natural and human systems on diverse time scales
addresses the development of the evidence base for both the impacts of climate changes and the responses to these impacts across systems in each region and taking into account both contemporary and past evidence.
Current sectoral climate risks, including specific regional and sub-regional considerations related to land, coasts and regional oceans
brings together the array of existing climate risks to establish a baseline for subsequent policy-relevant assessments of the local and regional impacts of global climate change including potential nexus effects.
Cultural and psychological dimensions (values, attitudes, ethical aspects, identity, behaviours)
addresses the social context (including the psychosocial, political, cultural and economic aspects) of climate-related risk for human and ecological systems in each region. Drawing from Chapter 1, it will address key issues around regional culture, (including social norms, customs and conventions, and everyday social practices); ethics and values (from moral principles to reasoning); social identity, behaviour change, or institutional memory. Discussion will draw from disciplines including, but not limited to: sociology, psychology, political science and anthropology.
Observed impacts and projected risks including identifying key risks and residual risks as well as development pathways depending on rate and level of climate change, including extremes and sea level rise
identifies the regionally-important climate risks now and into the future including the inherent and net or residual risks after climate adaptation has occurred.
Adaptation options, from incremental to transformational, including opportunities, enablers, limits, barriers, and adaptive capacity
notes the fundamental importance of adaptation as both a response to reduce vulnerability and to take advantage of opportunities as part of a risk management approach that includes the implications for emission-reduction actions. Discussion will develop shared understandings of the range of climate adaptation responses from incremental (including measurable change with long term cumulative or path dependency effects) to transformative change (including non-linear, systemic or novel shifts of regime and problem approach). Elements addressed will include maladaptation, adaptive capacity, enabling conditions particularly government capacity, political will, institutional regulatory frameworks, effective communication as well as economic policy and practice from local to international scales that enable or act as barriers or limits to adaptation.
Governance and economic aspects including legal, institutional, financing, price responses, and trade
includes the regionally-important and/or regionally-specific governance and economic aspects that could be influential in terms of climate impacts and adaptation including the potential for policy innovation, regulation and cross scale collaboration.
Cross sectoral, intra-regional, and inter-regional issues including consideration of temporal scale
brings into consideration issues where impacts or adaptation responses in one sector impact on other sectors, or in one region or part of a region impact on other regions or parts of regions.
Interaction of risks and responses to climate change with sustainable development pathways
bullet highlights the complex multiple interactions between climate change responses and sustainable development including policy trade-offs, co-benefits, possible tensions and policy and practice opportunities.
Lessons from case studies
covers the lessons that can be learnt in each region from case studies in that region.
Updates from SR15 and the other special reports
Cities and Climate Change
As highlighted in the WGII contribution to the AR6 Chair’s Vision Document, urban areas are increasingly important in understanding impacts and risks of climate change
and innovate and manage global climate risk. Cities are a cross-cutting theme with the WGII report, with a dedicated chapter (Chapter 6, Box 1) and a cross-chapter paper
proposed on “Cities by the sea”. Thus there is a need to advance understanding of risks and develop an understanding of how adaptation and mitigation co-benefits align
at sub-national levels which will require treatment across WGs. To harmonise concepts and methodological aspects, participants agreed that there should be strong coordination
among the WGs on the assessment of the urban literature related to climate change. Recommendation included a cross WG Task Group. The IPCC co-sponsored Cities and Climate
Change Science conference in 2018 offers a platform to focus and coordinate among WG. From a WGII perspective, the treatment of cities, from small settlements to megacities,
with a focus on socio-ecological systems offers opportunity to integrate aspects related to human health, technology development, urbanization, sustainable development, and
climate change adaptation and mitigation across WGs.
LINKAGES OF AR6 WGII WITH THE AR6 SPECIAL REPORTS
The proposed content of the Special Reports was taken into account during scoping of the WGII contribution to the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report (WGII AR6). The proposed structure of the WGII AR6 allows for links to the Special Reports and an update of key issues assessed in the Special Reports.
The Special Report on Oceans and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate (SROCC, due September 2019) includes a chapter dedicated to High Mountain Areas and one on Polar Regions. Therefore, cross-chapter boxes on the Arctic, Antarctica and Mountains of between 5-10 pages each, have been included in the proposed WGII AR6 outline for such an update.
Similarly, the Special Report on Climate Change and Land (SRCCL, due September 2019) includes a chapter of Desertification and space has been made to update findings in the WGII AR6 in a cross-chapter box on Deserts and Semi-Arid Regions of approximately 5 pages. Interactions among climate change land use change and land cover are also addressed in SRCCL, and therefore opportunity to update findings is available in the proposed cross-chapter box on Tropical Forests. Impacts and risks to freshwater, marine and terrestrial biodiversity is considered across all three Special Reports to some degree and findings will be updated in the cross-chapter box on Biodiversity hotspots.
Risks, vulnerabilities and adaptation from sea level rise are addressed in Special Report of Global Warming of 1.5°C (SR1.5, due September 2018) and at global to regional scales in SROCC, including implications for Small Island Developing States, coastal cities and infrastructure, deltas and low-elevation areas. The proposed structure of WGII AR6 keeps the focus on sea level rise issues with observed impacts and projected risks from sea level rise identified as a common element across all regional chapters and in a cross-chapter box of around 10 pages on Cities by the Sea. Similarly, linkages among adaptation and mitigation efforts and Sustainable Development pathways are addressed specifically in SR1.5 and regional perspectives will be updated in the WGII AR6 regional chapters.
Scenarios
The scenario cross-cutting BOG highlighted the necessity of integrating and coordinating across WGs to facilitate cross-WG communication, avoid redundancy and facilitate the WG assessments and recommendations. Integration among WGI and WGII would benefit from consistency in model projections and elements e.g., CMIP and SSPs, treatment of uncertainty, temperature levels assessed, baselines, regions.
The cross-cutting BOG recommendations include:
• Identification of a common set of scenarios across WGs
• Development of a consistent set of indicators to use across WGs
• Development of a guidance document on scenarios and their uses
• Creation of a cross-WG scenario team.
From a WGII perspective, recommendations included being explicit about the use of scenarios in chapters and include scenario approaches in framing chapter, and ensure coordination across chapters.
Regional aspects are integral to the WGII AR6 report and will require consistent treatment across all WGs which will require cross WG cooperation, including a need to better understand the different scientific cultures, and the complications of different use of language and the application of different regionalisations in AR5; climate zones in WGI and continental/ocean regionalisation in WGII. The proposed outline of WGII AR6 contains seven regional chapters (Chapters 9-15, Box 1) which will require the assessment of impacts, risks and other issues at regional and sub-regional scales. Regional considerations are also included in the remaining chapters of WGII. This will require a handshake among the regional treatment of climate information in WGI and the regional assessments of impacts and risks in WGII. To facilitate this, the cross-cutting BOG recommended regular meetings between WGI and WGII facilitated by a cross-WG Task Group. The Task Group may also require participants from WGIII. It was suggested that the transfer and assessment of data could be facilitated by via DDC / new TGICA. The inclusion of WGI expertise in the author team of the WGII regional chapters would also facilitate the handshake between WGI and WGII.
The development of a cross WGI-WGII regional Atlas with a dedicated author team was also recommended. Specifically, coordination would be necessary for mapping risk and the determinants of risk and its dynamics, including a discussion on end-to-end treatment of uncertainty and underlying data and information needs (e.g., addressing different nature and scales of data). Such an Atlas would facilitate the assessment of multi-scale impacts, e.g., cities and regions, transboundary issues.
Specific recommendations are listed below:
• Attributes of climate information (variables and processed derivatives, resolution in time and space) need to be determined by characteristics of impacted systems and regions
• Provide transparent assessment of robustness of information/observations as a team, including assessment of the principles and approaches to interpretation
• Align/harmonize information from WGI with assessment of regional literature by WGII
• Distinguish more clearly between attribution to human influence on climate and attribution to observed climate change (the former applies to climate variables while the latter applies to impacts)
• Define extreme events from the perspective of impacts
The treatment of risk is central to the WGII report as highlight by the three proposed risks chapters in the WGII outline (Chapters 16-18; Box 1).
WGII AR5 developed a risk framework to conceptualize risks and impacts and feedbacks to the climate system and socio-ecological systems.
The cross-cutting BOG recommended adopting and elaborating the WGII AR5 definitions of risk, hazard, vulnerability and exposure, and standardising
definitions and their use across WGs to present a unified concept of risk and treatment of risk in the context of uncertainty. Specifically, in the context
of the risk assessment framework, coordination would be necessary across WGs for mapping risk and the determinants of risk and its dynamics, including
a discussion on end-to-end treatment of uncertainty and underlying data and information needs (e.g., addressing different nature and scales of data). WGII
can supply information on the distribution of potential consequences from hazards and clarity on time-scales and uncertainty.
The BOG recommended the following characteristics are considered for developing a climate risk framework:
• Assesses the knowledge base of risk, not just the risk
• Enables different degrees of quantification
• Broadens the view of risk, but still remains within IPCC boundaries
• Enables better WGI/WGII coordination to produce probabilistic information on climate events that is useful for risk calculations
• Expands on the application of risk assessment to WGIII topics, such as the risks of application of new technologies to mitigation
• Gives visibility to the human and social factors and the social impacts, especially the risks to the most vulnerable people, including ethical considerations
• Speaks to (and listens to) many stakeholders – including the business community, including finance and insurance
• Considers the flipside of risks – opportunities, and enables inclusion of solutions to climate risk problems
• Combines mitigation and adaptation measures as means of reducing risk
Adaptation-Mitigation Interactions
In AR5 adaptation-mitigation interactions will be addressed in the context of sustainable development and will require interaction among WGs particularly WGII and WGIII.
In WGII adaptation and mitigation are addressed in sectoral chapters (Chapters 2-8, Box 1) including impacts of mitigation and the interactions among adaptation-mitigation.
Synergies and trade-offs of sustainable development, adaptation, and mitigation are assessed specifically in Chapter 18. Participants in the scoping meeting recommended the
creation of cross WG task groups to deal with synergies and trade-offs between adaptation and mitigation: (i) analysis of the economic and social benefits of mitigation and
adaption including avoided impacts in the context of sustainable development (the work of this group could lead to a potential joint chapter of WG II and WG III); and (ii) social aspects
(e.g., geopolitical, gender, ethnic, equity) of the impacts of adaptation and mitigation in the context of sustainable development. Adaptation and mitigation responses vary at regional
and local scales and understanding of impacts and feedbacks can be developed across WGs.
Geoengineering
The cross cutting BOG highlighted the need to consistency in definitions and terminology of geoengineering across WGs and defining the categories within the term (e.g., carbon dioxide removal (CDR) and solar radiation management (SRM). The treatment of geoengineering is primarily a WGI-WGIII interaction, will require coordination with WGII for aspects such as impacts and feedbacks from geoengineering consequences on permafrost, carbon cycle, land use and change and blue carbon in the context of adaptation and mitigation impacts and interactions. Issues such as the social acceptability, governance and risks of geoengineering will involve WGII.
Global Stocktake
As highlighted in the Chairman’s Vision Document, the AR6 is intended to align with the requirements of the Global Stocktake (GST). The treatment mitigation, adaptation and financing and support should be considered across WGs to provide inform relevant for the GST. Of particular relevance for WGII is assessment of guidance and development of metrics for adaptation progress across scales, and assessment of adaptation needs and costs, risks and vulnerability and past and future adaptation policy options. The interactions among adaptation needs and limits and mitigation efforts will require coordination across WGII and WGIII.