The document proposes using semantic web technologies and linked data to connect distributed and heterogeneous open educational resources and repositories. It discusses the current ecosystem of isolated "silos" of OER data and the barriers this poses to discovery, access and reuse of resources. The approach is to publish OER metadata and data as linked open data using URIs, RDF, and SPARQL to enable federated querying and integration across systems. This would help realize a single global "dataspace" for OER.
The present society is considered an information society. A society where the creation, distribution, use, integration, and manipulation of digital information have become the most significant activity in all aspects. Information is producing from every sector of any society, which has resulted in an information explosion. Modern technologies are also having a huge impact. So managing this voluminous information is really a tough job. Again WWW has opened the door to connect anyone or anything within a fraction of a second. This study discussed the Semantic Web and linked data technologies and their effect and application to libraries for the handling of various types of resources.
Nelson Piedra , Janneth Chicaiza
and Jorge López, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Edmundo
Tovar, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid,
and Oscar Martínez, Universitas
Miguel Hernández
Explore the advantages of using linked data with OERs.
Enterprise content management and digital librarieskgerber
Presentation at the March 2012 Library Technology Conference at Macalester College. Compares and contrasts how libraries and businesses manage and share their digital information and assets. It explores the current conversation in two private liberal arts institutions, Bethel University and Macalester College and how they are approaching the conversation around managing digital assets on their campus.
Slides | Research data literacy and the libraryColleen DeLory
Slides from the Dec. 8, 2016 Library Connect webinar "Research data literacy and the library" with Sarah Wright, Christian Lauersen and Anita de Waard. See the full webinar at: http://libraryconnect.elsevier.com/library-connect-webinars?commid=226043
Presented at the Northern Ohio Technical Services Librarians' meeting, November 22, 2013. Describes why libraries should move toward a linked data future to enable their resources to be discoverable on the open web, and includes lessons learned from developing the eXtensible Catalog at the University of Rochester.
The present society is considered an information society. A society where the creation, distribution, use, integration, and manipulation of digital information have become the most significant activity in all aspects. Information is producing from every sector of any society, which has resulted in an information explosion. Modern technologies are also having a huge impact. So managing this voluminous information is really a tough job. Again WWW has opened the door to connect anyone or anything within a fraction of a second. This study discussed the Semantic Web and linked data technologies and their effect and application to libraries for the handling of various types of resources.
Nelson Piedra , Janneth Chicaiza
and Jorge López, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Edmundo
Tovar, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid,
and Oscar Martínez, Universitas
Miguel Hernández
Explore the advantages of using linked data with OERs.
Enterprise content management and digital librarieskgerber
Presentation at the March 2012 Library Technology Conference at Macalester College. Compares and contrasts how libraries and businesses manage and share their digital information and assets. It explores the current conversation in two private liberal arts institutions, Bethel University and Macalester College and how they are approaching the conversation around managing digital assets on their campus.
Slides | Research data literacy and the libraryColleen DeLory
Slides from the Dec. 8, 2016 Library Connect webinar "Research data literacy and the library" with Sarah Wright, Christian Lauersen and Anita de Waard. See the full webinar at: http://libraryconnect.elsevier.com/library-connect-webinars?commid=226043
Presented at the Northern Ohio Technical Services Librarians' meeting, November 22, 2013. Describes why libraries should move toward a linked data future to enable their resources to be discoverable on the open web, and includes lessons learned from developing the eXtensible Catalog at the University of Rochester.
From OER to Open OER Data
Edmundo Tovar Caro (presenter)! Universidad Politécnica de Madrid!
Nelson Piedra, Janneth Chicaiza, Jorge López! Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Ecuador
The internet has fast become the first port of call for all searches. The increasing array of chemistry-related resources now available provides chemists a direct path to the discovery of information, one previously accessed via library services and limited to commercial and costly resources. The diversity of information available online is expanding at a dramatic rate and a shift to publicly available resources offers significant opportunities in terms of the benefit to science and society. While the data available online do not generally meet the quality standards available from manually curated sources there are efforts afoot to gather scientists and “crowd source” an improvement in the quality of available data. This article will discuss the types of public compound databases available online, provide a series of example databases and focus on the benefits and disruptions associated with the increased availability of such data and integrating technologies to data-mine the available information.
Access and Ownership Issues of Electronic Resources in the LibraryFe Angela Verzosa
Presented by Fe Angela M. Verzosa at the Conference sponsored by the Central Luzon Librarians Association, held at Holy Angel University, Angeles City, Philippines on 7 December 2009
The internet has fast become the first port of call for all searches. The increasing array of chemistry-related resources now available provides chemists a direct path to the discovery of information, one previously accessed via library services and limited to commercial and costly resources. The diversity of information available online is expanding at a dramatic rate and a shift to publicly available resources offers significant opportunities in terms of the benefit to science and society. While the data available online do not generally meet the quality standards available from manually curated sources there are efforts afoot to gather scientists and “crowd source” an improvement in the quality of available data. This article will discuss the types of public compound databases available online, provide a series of example databases and focus on the benefits and disruptions associated with the increased availability of such data and integrating technologies to data-mine the available information.
NISO Two Day Virtual Conference:
Using the Web as an E-Content Distribution Platform:
Challenges and Opportunities
Oct 21-22, 2014
Bruce Rosenblum, CEO, Inera, Inc.
Intelligent Expert systems can provide decisions for users for estimate from user preferences to find better destination from user profits. this present provides description of above system and suggest new approach for next researches.
Presentation slide for this:
Kei Kurakawa, Toward universal information access on the digital object cloud, In book of abstracts of International Workshop on Data Science - Present & Future of Open Data & Open Science -, p.57-59, November 12-15, 2018, Mishima Citizens Cultural Hall & Joint Support-Center for Data Science Research, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
Security and Data Ownership in the Cloud
Andrew K. Pace, Executive Director, Networked Library Services, OCLC; Councilor-at-large, American Library Association
Introduction to the Data Web, DBpedia and the Life-cycle of Linked DataSören Auer
Over the past 4 years, the Semantic Web activity has gained momentum with the widespread publishing of structured data as RDF. The Linked Data paradigm has therefore evolved from a practical research idea into
a very promising candidate for addressing one of the biggest challenges
of computer science: the exploitation of the Web as a platform for data
and information integration. To translate this initial success into a
world-scale reality, a number of research challenges need to be
addressed: the performance gap between relational and RDF data
management has to be closed, coherence and quality of data published on
the Web have to be improved, provenance and trust on the Linked Data Web
must be established and generally the entrance barrier for data
publishers and users has to be lowered. This tutorial will discuss
approaches for tackling these challenges. As an example of a successful
Linked Data project we will present DBpedia, which leverages Wikipedia
by extracting structured information and by making this information
freely accessible on the Web. The tutorial will also outline some recent advances in DBpedia, such as the mappings Wiki, DBpedia Live as well as
the recently launched DBpedia benchmark.
#Aprender3C - Recursos Educativos Abiertos y Linked Data en EcuadorAprender 3C
por Nelson Piedra (Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Ecuador).
Serie de webinars “Los desafíos de la Educación Abierta en Latinoamérica”.
Organiza: A-REA y Aprender 3C.
Apoyan: OKFN edu, ABGRA, RENABIar, UMET y Conocimiento GyF.
+ info en http://aprender3c.org/
From OER to Open OER Data
Edmundo Tovar Caro (presenter)! Universidad Politécnica de Madrid!
Nelson Piedra, Janneth Chicaiza, Jorge López! Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Ecuador
The internet has fast become the first port of call for all searches. The increasing array of chemistry-related resources now available provides chemists a direct path to the discovery of information, one previously accessed via library services and limited to commercial and costly resources. The diversity of information available online is expanding at a dramatic rate and a shift to publicly available resources offers significant opportunities in terms of the benefit to science and society. While the data available online do not generally meet the quality standards available from manually curated sources there are efforts afoot to gather scientists and “crowd source” an improvement in the quality of available data. This article will discuss the types of public compound databases available online, provide a series of example databases and focus on the benefits and disruptions associated with the increased availability of such data and integrating technologies to data-mine the available information.
Access and Ownership Issues of Electronic Resources in the LibraryFe Angela Verzosa
Presented by Fe Angela M. Verzosa at the Conference sponsored by the Central Luzon Librarians Association, held at Holy Angel University, Angeles City, Philippines on 7 December 2009
The internet has fast become the first port of call for all searches. The increasing array of chemistry-related resources now available provides chemists a direct path to the discovery of information, one previously accessed via library services and limited to commercial and costly resources. The diversity of information available online is expanding at a dramatic rate and a shift to publicly available resources offers significant opportunities in terms of the benefit to science and society. While the data available online do not generally meet the quality standards available from manually curated sources there are efforts afoot to gather scientists and “crowd source” an improvement in the quality of available data. This article will discuss the types of public compound databases available online, provide a series of example databases and focus on the benefits and disruptions associated with the increased availability of such data and integrating technologies to data-mine the available information.
NISO Two Day Virtual Conference:
Using the Web as an E-Content Distribution Platform:
Challenges and Opportunities
Oct 21-22, 2014
Bruce Rosenblum, CEO, Inera, Inc.
Intelligent Expert systems can provide decisions for users for estimate from user preferences to find better destination from user profits. this present provides description of above system and suggest new approach for next researches.
Presentation slide for this:
Kei Kurakawa, Toward universal information access on the digital object cloud, In book of abstracts of International Workshop on Data Science - Present & Future of Open Data & Open Science -, p.57-59, November 12-15, 2018, Mishima Citizens Cultural Hall & Joint Support-Center for Data Science Research, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
Security and Data Ownership in the Cloud
Andrew K. Pace, Executive Director, Networked Library Services, OCLC; Councilor-at-large, American Library Association
Introduction to the Data Web, DBpedia and the Life-cycle of Linked DataSören Auer
Over the past 4 years, the Semantic Web activity has gained momentum with the widespread publishing of structured data as RDF. The Linked Data paradigm has therefore evolved from a practical research idea into
a very promising candidate for addressing one of the biggest challenges
of computer science: the exploitation of the Web as a platform for data
and information integration. To translate this initial success into a
world-scale reality, a number of research challenges need to be
addressed: the performance gap between relational and RDF data
management has to be closed, coherence and quality of data published on
the Web have to be improved, provenance and trust on the Linked Data Web
must be established and generally the entrance barrier for data
publishers and users has to be lowered. This tutorial will discuss
approaches for tackling these challenges. As an example of a successful
Linked Data project we will present DBpedia, which leverages Wikipedia
by extracting structured information and by making this information
freely accessible on the Web. The tutorial will also outline some recent advances in DBpedia, such as the mappings Wiki, DBpedia Live as well as
the recently launched DBpedia benchmark.
#Aprender3C - Recursos Educativos Abiertos y Linked Data en EcuadorAprender 3C
por Nelson Piedra (Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Ecuador).
Serie de webinars “Los desafíos de la Educación Abierta en Latinoamérica”.
Organiza: A-REA y Aprender 3C.
Apoyan: OKFN edu, ABGRA, RENABIar, UMET y Conocimiento GyF.
+ info en http://aprender3c.org/
The Semantic Web is a vision of information that is understandable by computers. Although there is great exploitable potential, we are still in "Generation Zero'' of the Semantic Web, since there are few real-world compelling applications. The heterogeneity, the volume of data and the lack of standards are problems that could be addressed through some nature inspired methods. The paper presents the most important aspects of the Semantic Web, as well as its biggest issues; it then describes some methods inspired from nature - genetic algorithms, artificial neural networks, swarm intelligence, and the way these techniques can be used to deal with Semantic Web problems.
This work presents a data architecture based on semantic web technologies that support to the inclusion of open materials in massive online courses. The framework provides transparent access to RDF data sources for Open Educational Resources stored in OpenCourseWare repositories.
Speaker(s): Nelson Piedra and Edmundo Tovar
morning session talk at the second Keystone Training School "Keyword search in Big Linked Data" held in Santiago de Compostela.
https://eventos.citius.usc.es/keystone.school/
2015 03 19 (EDUCON2015) eMadrid UPM Towards a Learning Analytics Approach for...eMadrid network
2015 03 19 (EDUCON2015) eMadrid UPM Towards a Learning Analytics Approach for Supporting discovery and reuse of OER. An approach based on Social Networks Analysis and Linked Open Data
The Learning Registry: Social networking for open educational resources?Lorna Campbell
This presentation will reflect on Cetis’ involvement with the Learning Registry and JISC’s Learning Registry Node Experiment at Mimas (The JLeRN Experiment), and their application to UKOER initiatives. Initially funded by the US Departments of Education and Defense, the Learning Registry (LR) is an open source network for storing and distributing metadata and curriculum activity and social usage data about learning resources across diverse educational systems.
Presented for managers & researchers at The Global One Health Initiative of the Ohio State University, Africa Regional Branch in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (April 24th 2019)
Research into Practice case study 2: Library linked data implementations an...Hazel Hall
The research underlying this presentation explored the role that libraries play in the linked data context. Focusing on European national libraries and Scottish libraries, multiple data gathering methods and constant comparative analysis were applied in the study. Amongst the findings, a general lack of awareness within the library community of the Semantic Web and the implications of linked data was identified. At the same time, there is recognition that linked data augments the discoverability and enhances the interoperability of library data. The presentation will include recommendations for the application of the findings of this research in practice.
Linked data have thepotential of create bridges between OCW data silos. To assess the impact of Linked Data in OpenCourseWare, the authors present a faceted tool called Serendipity and a Data Visualization Web interface called Serendipity Maps. Serendipity is an interface of faceted search for open educational content based on Open Educational Resources Data. Additionally, the linked OER and OCW data environment enabled us to show data visualizations. http://serendipity.utpl.edu.ec/
Speaker(s): Nelson Piedra and Edmundo Tovar
Engaging Information Professionals in the Process of Authoritative Interlinki...Lucy McKenna
Through the use of Linked Data (LD), Libraries, Archives and Museums (LAMs) have the potential to expose their collections to a larger audience and to allow for more efficient user searches. Despite this, relatively few LAMs have invested in LD projects and the majority of these display limited interlinking across datasets and institutions. A survey was conducted to understand Information Professionals' (IPs') position with regards to LD, with a particular focus on the interlinking problem. The survey was completed by 185 librarians, archivists, metadata cataloguers and researchers. Results indicated that, when interlinking, IPs find the process of ontology and property selection to be particularly challenging, and LD tooling to be technologically complex and unsuitable for their needs.
Our research is focused on developing an authoritative interlinking framework for LAMs with a view to increasing IP engagement in the linking process. Our framework will provide a set of standards to facilitate IPs in the selection of link types, specifically when linking local resources to authorities. The framework will include guidelines for authority, ontology and property selection, and for adding provenance data. A user-interface will be developed which will direct IPs through the resource interlinking process as per our framework. Although there are existing tools in this domain, our framework differs in that it will be designed with the needs and expertise of IPs in mind. This will be achieved by involving IPs in the design and evaluation of the framework. A mock-up of the interface has already been tested and adjustments have been made based on results. We are currently working on developing a minimal viable product so as to allow for further testing of the framework. We will present our updated framework, interface, and proposed interlinking solutions.
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Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
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from local/regional OER Silos towards an OER Global Dataspace
1. from local/regional OER Silos
towards an OER Global Dataspace
The Open Education Global Conference 2016
Kraków, Poland from the 12th to 14th of April 2016,
at the AGH University of Science and Technology.
The theme of #oeglobal is Convergence Through
Collaboration.
Nelson Piedra | @nopiedra
Nelson Piedra, Janneth Chicaiza, Jorge López
Universidad Técnica particular de Loja, Ecuador
Departamento de Ciencias de la Computación
Loja, Ecuador
nopiedra@utpl.edu.ec, {jachicaiza, jalopez2}@utpl.edu.ec
Edmundo Tovar Caro
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
Dpto. Lenguajes y Sistemas Informáticos e Ingeniería Software
edmundo.tovar@upm.es
2. Summary: Connect Distributed and
Heterogeneous Open Educational Data
And Resources across the Web
• The problem: In recent years, distributed and heterogeneous data stores has gaining attention
of many researchers that attempts to logically interoperate and integrate several different
independent distributed heterogeneous data stores while allowing the local systems to maintain
complete control of their operations. In the OER context, the heterogeneous and distributed
repositories/resources connection is only theoretically feasible, but unfeasible in practice
because of the extremely heterogeneous and distributed environment. Sometimes the ability to
access, re-use, and integrate data sources, providing a wide degree of flexibility and
interoperability in a federated environment, even cannot be established.
• Goal: Use Semantic Web approach and Linked data technologies to consolidate and integrate
OER repositories and resources to ensure the best discovery, use, and reuse of OER. Linked
data is essential to connect the semantic web.
• Approach: Linked Data is about using the Web to connect related data that wasn't previously
linked, or using the Web to lower the barriers to linking data currently linked using other
methods. More specifically, Wikipedia defines Linked Data as "a term used to describe a
recommended best practice for exposing, sharing, and connecting pieces of data, information,
and knowledge on the Semantic Web using URIs and RDF.” [Tim Berners-Lee, 2006]. Currently,
Linked Data delivers the most scalable and best performing interoperability available for Web
data sources.
3. to remember,
OPEN: "A piece of
knowledge is open if you
are free to use, reuse,
adapt and redistribute it"
http://www.opendefinition.org/okd
@nopiedra #OCW #OER #LOCWD #LinkedData #UPM #UTPL
5. Are OER Really Open?
No, there is still much to do.
OER are made available under a Open
License. However, legally free not imply
that the OER is easy to discover, use,
reuse, adapt, remix, and share.
An open license doesn’t OER make.
8. Current OER Ecosystem: Distributed Silos
Limited discovering integration, single access
Business Architecture
Information Architecture
Technological Layer
Presentation Layer
OER Information System A:
(autonomous, heterogeneous and distributed)
Repository
Storage Layer
(Deposits, collections,
metadata catalogue)
Silo
WebServices/API
Business Architecture
Information Architecture
Technological Layer
Presentation Layer
OER Information System B:
(autonomous, heterogeneous and distributed)
Repository
Storage Layer
(Deposits, collections,
metadata catalogue)
Silo
WebServices/API
Business Architecture
Information Architecture
Technological Layer
Presentation Layer
OER Information System C:
(autonomous, heterogeneous and distributed)
Repository
Storage Layer
(Deposits, collections,
metadata catalogue)
Silo
WebServices/API
The Web - HTTP
@nopiedra2015
12. An opportunity for OER Community:
The presence of OER silos impedes
the interoperability, discovery,
synthesis, and flow of knowledge.
Additionally, It’s difficult to develop
tools for consume global OER from
multiple OER silos.
13. Goal:
Exploitation and
integration of heterogeneous
and distributed datasets.
Tools: Queries, analysis, and
visualizations
datastore
Technologies and
methodologies Models Layers, data,
symbology
Metadata
Services
OER Repository B
Regional Initiative
datastore
Technologies and
methodologies
Models Metadata and
standards
Services
OER Directory C
OER Consorcia
Layers, data,
symbology
Datastore
Technologies and
methodologies
Models
Layers, data,
symbology
Metadata
Services
OER Repository A
Local/National Initiative
Challenge: connect silos of OER data
distributed across the Web
Scenario: heterogeneous and distribute
environment
Problem: (a) lack of integration and
interoperability facilities (b) overlap of
information (c) ambiguity in identification
of resources (d) heterogeneity
Other Datasources
OER
Silo A
OER Silo B
OER Silo C
OER Silo DData Requirement
OER query, explore,
re-use, re.mix
15. The Solution not is: subordinating, homogenizing,
or centralizing OER Information Systems.
An best approach is developing OER
Semantically Interoperable Ecosystem.
16. Challenge: OER Interoperability and Global Integration
Approach: Linked data have the potential of create bridges
between OER data silos.
Mo;va;on: Discovery and Re-use of Open Educa;onal Resources…
18. The World Wide Web uses relatively simple technologies
with sufficient scalability, efficiency and utility that they have
resulted in a remarkable information space of interrelated
resources, growing across languages, cultures, and media.
19. The 2001 Scientific American article by Berners-Lee, Hendler, and Lassie
described an expected evolution of the existing Web to a Semantic Web.
See: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/262614/1/Semantic_Web_Revisted.pdf
20. The Semantic Web
A new form of Web content that is meaningful to computers will unleash a
revolution of new possibilities
By Tim Berners-Lee, James Hendler and Ora Lassila on May 1, 2001
“The Semantic Web is an extension of the current web in which
information is given well-defined meaning, better enabling computers
and people to work in cooperation”.
“Make the Web understandable for machines”.
The term was coined by Tim Berners-Lee for a web of data that can be
processed by machines.
See http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-semantic-web/
SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN
May 2001
Volume 284, Issue 5
23. <href> <href>
<href>
<href>
<href>
<href>
<href>
<href>
<href>
from Web of Documents
(unstructured information)
to Web of Linked Data
(structured information)
RDF Links
<> HTML
<> HTML <> HTML
<> HTML
<> HTML
<> HTML
<> HTML
<> HTML
<href>
Towards single OER global dataspace
Using RDF to publish structure data on the Web, ontologies as an
explicit specification of a conceptualization, URI for every Web resource,
and linking between data resources within different data sources.
@nopiedra2016
24. Linked Data is Data Interoperability
The need for communication and interoperation between autonomous and distributed information
systems is increasing with the increasing usage of the Web.
e.g. interoperability between heterogeneous and distributed environments
TED2009 Tim Berners-Lee on the next Web
25. Breaking down the walls.
Understanding an greater empathy.
(z)autonom
y
heterogeneity (x)
distribution(y)
W
orking
togetherand
connecting
experiences
Connectand
informationexchange
Autonomy, heterogeneity and distribution are not the bigger
problem. The key problem is the presence of silos and poor
collaboration to establish agreements towards global
interoperability.
The LOD4OER initiative is a effort fostering global
collaboration to address interoperability and integration
challenges in OER ecosystem and open education. Silos and
isolation must stop. The way is breaking down the silos and
facilitating collaboration.
Grade of Interoperability
P(x,y,z)
@nopiedra2016
OER Interoperability, the
ability of OER information
systems to exchange and
make use of information.
OER Ecosystem
Semantically
Interoperable
27. EXAMPLE: raw data within UPM
opencourseware web page
Title
OCW
University
Author(s)
year
description
knowledge area
bibliography
ects credits
time autoself
Department
syllabus
29. HTTP-URIs to denote/identifies anything at all through
the Web. URIs, in the web architecture, have been used
to"information resources” or web-pages, leaving a
consistent architecture.
30. RDF enables you to open your data to applications
through the Web. RDF is very flexible and extensible.
RDF is a way of recording and sharing semantic
information about resources.
RDF Triples
Resource Description Framework"
subject
<uri>
traits or aspects of the resource
predicate
typed-link
traits or aspects of the resource
object
<uri> or “literal”
traits or aspects of the resource
34. Synergy
Human Expert and Linked OER Data System
The proposed framework combines the traditions of knowledge
sharing and creation (human power) with emergent technology
to create a vast ecosystem of openly shared educational
resources, while harnessing today’s collaborative spirit to
develop educational approaches that are more responsive to
learner’s needs.
@nopiedra 2016
35. OER Ecosystem
(Global OER Dataspace
Semantically Interoperable)
OER ecosystem composed of silos of information
— heterogeneous, autonomous and distributed.
OER
Silo B
OER
Silo A
Models: OWL,
RDFS, SKOS
OER
Silo C
Information exchange and
Queries: RDF and SPARQL
Global names for OER entities:
HTTP-URIs enables data from different
sources to be connected and queried.
The Web as Platform
Federated
Queries
OER services/applications
based on LOD4OER
OER Ecosystem
Semantically Interoperable
Global OER Dataspace — Efficient and
effective cross-border and cross-
knowledge interaction/integration
between information systems.
Linked Data is used to publishing structured data
so that it can be interlinked and become more useful.
37. Open Educational Resources Ecosystem
Goal: Define and promoting semantic interoperability between OER
information systems (autonomous, heterogeneous and distribute).
OER Interoperability
Considerations
OER Interoperability Ecosystem
Efficient and effective cross-border and cross-knowledge
interaction/integration between OER information systems
(autonomous, heterogeneous and distributed)
Organizational
Considerations
Technological
Considerations
Legal Considerations
(open licensing)
Agreements
Strategy vision & Support
Setting strategic goals, requirements,
priorities and support common agreements
of collaboration (LOD4OER work force).
Web of LD
OER Data
Provider
SPARQL
endpoint
OER Data
Provider
SPARQL
endpoint
SPARQL
endpoint
OER Data
integrator
OER
OER
OER
OER metadata/data as Linked Open Data
Continuous improvement
Context: Open Education, EFA and
OER Declarations; International effort
in production of OER, development
of OER Practices, agreements about
interoperability, sharing and reuse;
LD best practices and tools.
Actors: OER providers, OER
consumers, OER consortia,
researchers, and developers.
OER Community
OER4LOD Life-cycle
Semantic Resources
Best Practices
User interface and OER Applications based on LOD4OER
OER APPs and
Mashups
OER Search and
Discovery
Productivity and
data integration
Information and Semantics
Considerations
⚙ OER Apps based on LOD4OER
39. Data source analysis:
identify OER providers
& select content/
resources offered with a
free and open license.
i. Select sources of data
(information sources)
• Specification: scope and
explicit set of requirements
to be satisfied by LOD4OER.
• Describe the main technical
features of the data selected.
Concept mapping
base URI:
http://purl.org/locwd/
RDFS:
http://purl.org/locwd/schema#
Resources:
http://purl.org/locwd/resources/
URI design
Vocabulary
development
(search/reuse
ontologies)
ii. Ontology modelling
LOD4OER
Common and
consensuated
ontology
2
3
4
iii. Generation of RDF
resources
Define data
patterns for
RDF conversion
Data cleansing
(detecting and
correcting corrupt or
inaccurate data),
disambiguation &
data reconciliation
Content extraction
from selected
datasources
(APIs, sql, csv, JSON,
WS, or scraping for
non-structured content)
iv. Data publication
(storage level)
Data enrichment
Extractor of data
patterns
(entity recognition,
classification &
clustering)
• Generation of URI Cools
• Create RDF links to
resources in the LOD-
Cloud)
Publish extracted
data as LinkedData
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
Sparql EndPoint
Repositories of Open
Educational Resources
OER
mobile
data
visualization
recommender systems
(for use, reuse and
adaptation of OER)
OER discovery
tools
Faceted
semantic
search
OER Apps based on
Linked Data
Learning assistant
based on OER
LOD4OER Triple-store
Linked OER
Data
• URIs for OER things
• RDF for describe Entities
• Links to other LOD-things
v. Application Layer
11
12
raw content
raw data
Facilitate finding, retrieving, sharing and adaptation of OER
linked data design issues and data quality assurance
OCW-S Builder
(MOOCs based on OER)
OER-nuggets
@nopiedra #OCW #OER #LOCWD #LinkedData #UPM #UTPL
LOERD: Linked OpenEducationalResources Data
Public DomainAPI
Open Educational
Resources Providers
40. OER Interoperability Ecosystem
Efficient and effective cross-border and cross-knowledge interaction/integration between OER repositories
@nopiedra LOD4OER
OER APPs and
Mashups
OER Search and
Discovery
Productivity and data
integration
User interface and OER Applications
Information interchange: RDF
RDF (& RDF Schema relationships
semantics are accessible and
comprehensible to humans and
machines=
Linked OER Data storage
and publishing Query: SPARQL
Identifiers: URI/IRI UNICODE
Representational Vocabularies:
RDFS, SKOS
Ontologies:
OWL
The Web as Platform: HTTP (as Transport layer)
Semantic Web Infraestructure: LOD4OER
OER’s Silos
An information or data silo is an isolated management
system incapable of reciprocal operation with other, related
information systems.
OER Information silo occurs whenever a OER system is
incompatible or not interoperable with other OER systems.
Hyperlinks (<href>) are not sufficient to achieve semantic
interoperability between OER repositories.
<> HTML
<href>
<href>
<> HTML
<> HTML
Interoperability Framework
Goal: Define and promoting semantic interoperability between OER repositories
Methodology
from OER Silos (Web of Documents - Unstructured information) to OER Interoperability (Web of Linked Data - structured information)
OER Community
EFA and OER Vision;
agreements about
interoperability; LD work
force, promotes
collaboration, sharing and
reuse de best practices
and tools
(Current OER
publication)
Actions from/to
Extraction, Transformation
and Loading
Continuous improvement
Propose future actions.
Analyze & Validate.
Action
Construction and Operation
of Semantic Interoperability
OER datastores.
Guidelines to Implementation
Semantic Interoperability
Guidelines to contribute to the
convergence of interoperable
OER services.
Design
Interoperability approach
based in SemWeb and
LD technologies
Openness:
publication,
discovery, use,
reuse, adaption, add
value, remix, and
redistribute of OER
repositories
SemanticWebApproachandLinkedDataDesignIssues
|OpenLicensingQualityAssurance|DataProvenance
|ReuseResources,LDBestPracticesandTools
Definitions and Initial
Setting strategic priorities and
objectives. Common agreements.
OER Actors: providers, consumers,
consortia, researchers, developers
Strategy and Support
41. OER Interoperability Ecosystem
Efficient and effective cross-border and cross-knowledge interaction/integration between OER repositories
OER Community
@nopiedra LOD4OER
User interface and OER Applications
Information interchange:
RDF
RDF (Resource Description
Framework ) is a model for
representing data as triples.
Linked OER Data storage
and publishing
Query: SPARQL
SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language provides a way to run Structured Queries over LD datasets
Identifiers: URI/IRI UNICODE
A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) provides a simple and extensible means for identifying a resource.
Representational Vocabularies: RDFS, SKOS
Vocabularies provide lists (and definitions) of common terms
that can be used to describe the contents of a dataset -
definitions of classes, properties, relations, and other objects.
Ontologies: OWL
“An explicit specification of a conceptualization” (Gruber ontology definition).
The ontology defines (specifies) the concepts, relationships, constraints and
other distinctions that are relevant for modeling a domain (i.e. OER).
The Web as Platform: HTTP (as Transport layer)
OER data is hosted on servers that can talk Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) to each other and to browsers in order to exchange data across the Internet.
Semantic Web Infraestructure: LOD4OER
OER Users: teachers, students, self-
learners, researchers
OER Providers, Universities, OER
Consortia, OA Initiatives/Repositories.
International declarations and common
agreements to support OER vision about
OER and EFA (Education for ALL).
Impulse, development and maintenance of
Interoperable Open Educational Resources
ecosystem.
EFA and OER Vision; agreements about interoperability;
LD work force, promotes collaboration, sharing and
reuse de best practices and tools
Elements of a Linked Open Data Stack. Adapted
from Tim Berners-Lee LD Stack, and draft sketch
by Tim Davis for IKM Working Paper on Linked
Open Data for Development.
OER APPs and Mashups
Mashups combine multiple OER and OA datasets to create a new
OER service, data visualization, recommender systems, mobile apps.
Search/Discovery
Linked Data search engines allow search across the Web of Data.
Conventional search may present information derived from linked
data (e.g. WS and JSON-LD).
Productivity
Linked data facilitates data integration
for business intelligence or research.
Strategy
and
Support
Interoperability Framework
Goal: Define and promoting semantic interoperability between OER repositories
Methodology
Continuous improvement
Propose future actions.
Analyze & Validate.
Action
Construction and Operation
of Semantic Interoperability
OER datastores.
Guidelines to Implementation
Semantic Interoperability
Guidelines to contribute to the
convergence of interoperable
OER services.
Design
Interoperability approach
based in SemWeb and
LD technologies
Openness:
publication,
discovery, use,
reuse, adaption, add
value, remix, and
redistribute of OER
repositories
SemanticWebApproachandLinkedDataDesignIssues
|OpenLicensingQualityAssurance|DataProvenance
|ReuseResources,LDBestPracticesandTools
Definitions and Initial
Setting strategic priorities and
objectives. Common agreements.
42. The notion of Class in RDFS
rdfs:Class
🏫 ⚙ ⛏ 📊
⚖ 💎 👪 🌎
🔬 🏖 🎻 🏢
🐞 🐄🐛 🎭
Una clase es un conjunto de
recursos que tienen características
y representaciones comunes en un
universo de discurso.
rdf:type
43. The notion of instance
👪
:Persona rdf:type rdfs:Class .
A particular issue of class is
named an instance of class
rdf:type
rdf:type
rdf:type
rdf:type
rdf:type
rdf:type
44. SPARQL can be used to express queries across
diverse data sources, whether the data is stored
natively as RDF or viewed as RDF via middleware.
45. A SPARQL query example that models the question
"What are all the country capitals in Africa?":
PREFIX ex: <http://example.com/exampleOntology#>
SELECT ?capital ?country
WHERE {
?x ex:cityname ?capital ;
ex:isCapitalOf ?y .
?y ex:countryname ?country ;
ex:isInContinent ex:Africa .
}
47. The State of the LOD Cloud 2014 document provides statistics about the structure and content of the crawlable subset of the LOD cloud in April 2014.
LInked OER Data & LOD-CLOUD
49. Webpage: Cordillera de Los Andes
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordillera_de_los_Andes
Resource: Cordillera de Los Andes
http://es-la.dbpedia.org/resource/Cordillera_de_los_Andes
@nopiedra2015
SPARQL endpoint: http://es-la.dbpedia.org/sparql
graph:http://es-la.dbpedia.org/graph/data
50. Case of Use 1.
Interoperability of Open
Access Repositories
51. Open Educational Resources Ecosystem
OER Repository
OER metadata/data as Linked Open Data
Extraction, Data
Preprocessing,
Vocabulary Modeling,
RDF Transformation,
Data Linking, Publication
and Maintenance
OER APPs and Mashups
OER Search and Discovery
Productivity and data integration
Access
Interface
Federated
SPARQL
endpoint
Ad hoc queries
User Interface & OER App
Methodology
Input
LOD4OER Transformation ⚙ LD Consume
OutputSemantic Interoperability Guidelines to contribute to the convergence of interoperable OER services.
52. OAI-PMH vs Linked Data
Data
Provider
Data
Provider
Data
Provider
Harvester
Requests (OAI “verbs”): Identify,
ListMetadataFormats; ListSets; ListRecords;
ListIdentifiers
Responses: General Information; Metadata
formats; Set structure; Record identifier; Metadata
Web
OAI-PMHOAI-PMHOAI-PMH
Data
Provider
Data
Provider
Data
Provider
Federated
SPARQL
endpoint
Web
SPARQL
endpoint
SPARQL
endpoint
SPARQL
endpoint
a. Approach Using OAI-PMH. The Web is an
transport infrastructure of data and metadata.
b. Approach based on Linked Open Data
The data and metadata are part of the same web.
Fedora, DSpace, and EPrints
implement the OAI-PMH
protocol by default.
Service
Provider
SPARQL
endpoint
@nopiedra2015
Data
integrator
53.
54. OER about a specific subject
SPARQL endpoint: http://data.utpl.edu.ec/serendipity/oar/sparql
Graph: http://data.utpl.edu.ec/serendipity/oar
SELECT DISTINCT ?bibresource ?title
WHERE {
?bibresource a <http://purl.org/dc/terms/BibliographicResource> .
?bibresource <http://purl.org/dc/terms/title> ?title .
?bibresource <http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject> ?subject .
?bibresource <http://purl.org/dc/terms/description> ?desc .
FILTER ( REGEX(?title, "Accesibilidad", "i") ||
REGEX(?desc, "Accesibilidad ", "i") || REGEX(?subject, "Accesibilidad", "i"))
}
bibresource title
http://data.utpl.edu.ec/serendipity/oar/resource/
41219a41e42cec29b7ff332ff2dd6cea
"Análisis de la atención a las personas con discapacidad a través de los
programas y servicios de accesibilidad y recreación, para grupos de atención
prioritaria en la Provincia de Cotopaxi en el año 2012"http://data.utpl.edu.ec/serendipity/oar/resource/
0fc11a4209b97e27186c9b70aaf0a12b
"Medios de comunicación y el trabajo en la red con herramientas web 2.0"
55. Case of Use 2.
Global Discovery and Reuse of
OER for MOOC/courseware
design
60. gracias!
@nopiedra
nopiedra@utpl.edu.ec
The Open Education Global Conference 2016
Kraków, Poland from the 12th to 14th of April 2016, at the
AGH University of Science and Technology.
The theme of #oeglobal is Convergence Through
Collaboration.
from local/regional OER Silos
towards an OER Global Dataspace
62. • Good practice: Identify with URIs. To benefit from and
increase the value of the World Wide Web, agents should
provide URIs as identifiers for resources.
• Constraint: URIs Identify a Single Resource. Assign
distinct URIs to distinct resources.
• Good practice: Avoiding URI aliases. A URI owner
SHOULD NOT associate arbitrarily different URIs with the
same resource.
• Good practice: Reuse URI schemes. A specification
SHOULD reuse an existing URI scheme (rather than create
a new one) when it provides the desired properties of
identifiers and their relation to resources.