Friction is a force that opposes the relative motion or attempted motion of two surfaces in contact. It always acts in the direction opposite to the motion or attempted motion of the surfaces. The amount of friction depends on the roughness of the surfaces - rougher surfaces have more friction. Friction produces heat and can be useful for preventing slipping, but is reduced using lubricants between moving parts to reduce wear. Air resistance is a type of friction that opposes the motion of objects through air.
Friction is a force that slows down moving objects or prevents stationary objects from moving .
Friction is a contact force .
Friction produces heat .
For example – A matchstick
Friction opposes the motion of an object
When one surface moves over another , these grooves and ridges get caught up with each other and slow down the motion . This causes friction .
Friction is a force that slows down moving objects or prevents stationary objects from moving .
Friction is a contact force .
Friction produces heat .
For example – A matchstick
Friction opposes the motion of an object
When one surface moves over another , these grooves and ridges get caught up with each other and slow down the motion . This causes friction .
Kinds of Friction
A moving object is affected by friction. However, the amount of friction may vary depending on the type of surface the object gets in contact with.
Rolling Friction
When an object rolls over a surface , rolling friction is produced. One of the most common examples of rolling friction is the movement of motor vehicle tires on the road , a process that generates heat and sound as by-products. Rolling friction is easier to overcome than sliding friction for similar materials. This type of friction is important to engineers who design certain products. For example, skates, skateboards, and bicycles need wheels that move freely.
Sliding Friction
Sliding friction occurs when two solid surfaces slide over each other. Sliding friction can be useful. For example, you can spread sand on an icy path to improve your footing. Ballet dancers apply a sticky powder to the soles of their ballet slippers so they won’t slip on the dance floor. And when you stop a bicycle with hand brakes, rubber pads slide against the tire surfaces, causing the wheels to slow and eventually stop. On the other hand, sliding friction is a problem if you fall off your bike and skin your knee!
Fluid Friction
Fluids, such as water, oil, or air, are materials that flow easily. Fluid friction occurs when a solid object moves through a fluid. Like rolling friction, fluid friction is easier to overcome than sliding friction.
Static Friction
The friction that acts on objects that are not moving is called static friction. Because of static friction, you must use extra force to start the motion of stationary objects. For example, think about what happens when you try to push a heavy desk across a floor. If you push on the desk with a force less than the force of static friction between the desk and the floor, the desk will not move. To make the desk move, you must exert a force greater than the force of static friction.
Kinds of Friction
A moving object is affected by friction. However, the amount of friction may vary depending on the type of surface the object gets in contact with.
Rolling Friction
When an object rolls over a surface , rolling friction is produced. One of the most common examples of rolling friction is the movement of motor vehicle tires on the road , a process that generates heat and sound as by-products. Rolling friction is easier to overcome than sliding friction for similar materials. This type of friction is important to engineers who design certain products. For example, skates, skateboards, and bicycles need wheels that move freely.
Sliding Friction
Sliding friction occurs when two solid surfaces slide over each other. Sliding friction can be useful. For example, you can spread sand on an icy path to improve your footing. Ballet dancers apply a sticky powder to the soles of their ballet slippers so they won’t slip on the dance floor. And when you stop a bicycle with hand brakes, rubber pads slide against the tire surfaces, causing the wheels to slow and eventually stop. On the other hand, sliding friction is a problem if you fall off your bike and skin your knee!
Fluid Friction
Fluids, such as water, oil, or air, are materials that flow easily. Fluid friction occurs when a solid object moves through a fluid. Like rolling friction, fluid friction is easier to overcome than sliding friction.
Static Friction
The friction that acts on objects that are not moving is called static friction. Because of static friction, you must use extra force to start the motion of stationary objects. For example, think about what happens when you try to push a heavy desk across a floor. If you push on the desk with a force less than the force of static friction between the desk and the floor, the desk will not move. To make the desk move, you must exert a force greater than the force of static friction.
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6. • Friction is a force between two surfaces
that are sliding, or trying to slide across one
another, for example when you try to push a
toy car along the floor.
• Friction always works in the direction
opposite from the direction the object is
moving, or trying to move. It always slows
a moving object down.
Moving
Friction
7. • The amount of friction depends on the materials from
which the two surfaces are made. The rougher the
surface, the more friction is produced. For example, you
would have to push a book harder to get it moving on a
carpet than you would on a wooden floor. This is because
there is more friction between the carpet and the book
than there is between the wood and the book.
8. • Friction also produces heat. For
example, if you rub your hands together
quickly, they get warmer.
9. • Friction can be a useful force because it
prevents our shoes slipping on the pavement
when we walk and stops car tyres skidding on
the road.
10. • Ice causes very little friction, which is why it
is easy to slip over on an icy day. But this is a
good thing for ice skating and sledging.
11. • Sometimes we want to reduce friction. For
example, moving parts inside a car engine are
lubricated with oil, to reduce friction between
them. The oil holds the surfaces apart, and can
flow between them. The reduced friction means
there is less wear on the metal, and less heat
produced.
12. • Air resistance is a type of friction between
air and another material. When an aeroplane
flies through the air, for example, air
particles hit the aeroplane, making it more
difficult for the aeroplane to move through
the air.
13. • Blau, P. J. Friction Science and
Technology. New York: Dekker, 1996.
•Bowden, F. P. and Tabor, D. The Friction
and Lubrication of Solids. Oxford, England:
Oxford University Press, 1986.
•NCERT Physics Textbook Class 12
14. • Some shapes, known as streamlined
shapes, cause less air resistance than
others. Aeroplanes and cars are
streamlined, so that they move through the
air as easily as possible.