This document provides background information on the French Revolution from 1775-1793. It discusses the socioeconomic conditions in France prior to the revolution, including high taxes and bread prices. It outlines key events like the storming of the Bastille and the Tennis Court Oath. The document also summarizes Crane Brinton's theory that revolutions follow a predictable course from moderate to radical phases. Overall, the document gives a high-level overview of the major political and economic developments that led up to the French Revolution.
The document provides background information on the French Revolution from 1789-1792, known as the "Bourgeois Phase". It discusses the overthrow of the French monarchy and establishment of a constitutional monarchy. Key events included the storming of the Bastille, the abolition of feudalism, establishment of the National Assembly, and adoption of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen which established principles of liberty, equality and resistance to oppression. However, tensions remained between moderates who sought to safeguard property rights and more radical factions who demanded further changes.
The French Revolution was caused by economic crisis from war debts and taxes, famine from bad harvests, social disparity between the privileged estates and the burdened third estate, and resentment against the absolute monarchy of Louis XVI. Revolutionary ideas from philosophers like Rousseau, Locke, and Montesquieu spread new theories of popular sovereignty, social contract, and separation of powers that further inspired calls for reform.
The French Revolution was sparked by political and economic problems under the absolute monarchy of King Louis XVI. France was deeply unequal with a system of estates that privileged the clergy and nobility over the majority Third Estate, who faced high taxes. When the king called the Estates-General to address a financial crisis, tensions erupted over issues of representation and taxation. This led the Third Estate forming the National Assembly and demanding democratic reforms and limits on royal power, marking the beginning of the Revolution in 1789.
The French Revolution began in 1789 with widespread discontent over the unequal system of estates, economic troubles, and Enlightenment ideas. The storming of the Bastille on July 14th marked a turning point, after which the National Assembly abolished feudalism and adopted the Declaration of the Rights of Man. However, unrest continued as the monarchy resisted reforms and food shortages persisted.
The French Revolution occurred from 1789-1815 and consisted of 10 phases:
1) The Old Regime ruled by King Louis XVI faced debt from aiding the American Revolution. 2) The Tennis Court Oath saw the estates general rebel and form the National Assembly. 3) The Storming of the Bastille sparked violence that spread throughout France. 4) The Declaration of the Rights of Man established freedoms and took power from the church. 5) King Louis XVI and his wife Marie Antoinette were arrested and executed. 6) The Committee of Public Safety instituted the Reign of Terror under Maximillien Robespierre. 7) Napoleon Bonaparte rose to power as a general defeating European powers. 8) Napoleon
The document provides an overview of the key events and causes of the French Revolution from 1789 to 1799. It discusses the unfair taxation system that burdened the third estate and led to unrest. Major developments included the storming of the Bastille, the establishment of the National Assembly, and the abolition of feudalism. The monarchy was overthrown and a republic established, though this gave way to the Reign of Terror under Robespierre. Eventually, a Directory assumed power in France as the Revolution came to an end.
The document provides background information on the French Revolution from 1789-1792, known as the "Bourgeois Phase". It discusses the overthrow of the French monarchy and establishment of a constitutional monarchy. Key events included the storming of the Bastille, the abolition of feudalism, establishment of the National Assembly, and adoption of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen which established principles of liberty, equality and resistance to oppression. However, tensions remained between moderates who sought to safeguard property rights and more radical factions who demanded further changes.
The French Revolution was caused by economic crisis from war debts and taxes, famine from bad harvests, social disparity between the privileged estates and the burdened third estate, and resentment against the absolute monarchy of Louis XVI. Revolutionary ideas from philosophers like Rousseau, Locke, and Montesquieu spread new theories of popular sovereignty, social contract, and separation of powers that further inspired calls for reform.
The French Revolution was sparked by political and economic problems under the absolute monarchy of King Louis XVI. France was deeply unequal with a system of estates that privileged the clergy and nobility over the majority Third Estate, who faced high taxes. When the king called the Estates-General to address a financial crisis, tensions erupted over issues of representation and taxation. This led the Third Estate forming the National Assembly and demanding democratic reforms and limits on royal power, marking the beginning of the Revolution in 1789.
The French Revolution began in 1789 with widespread discontent over the unequal system of estates, economic troubles, and Enlightenment ideas. The storming of the Bastille on July 14th marked a turning point, after which the National Assembly abolished feudalism and adopted the Declaration of the Rights of Man. However, unrest continued as the monarchy resisted reforms and food shortages persisted.
The French Revolution occurred from 1789-1815 and consisted of 10 phases:
1) The Old Regime ruled by King Louis XVI faced debt from aiding the American Revolution. 2) The Tennis Court Oath saw the estates general rebel and form the National Assembly. 3) The Storming of the Bastille sparked violence that spread throughout France. 4) The Declaration of the Rights of Man established freedoms and took power from the church. 5) King Louis XVI and his wife Marie Antoinette were arrested and executed. 6) The Committee of Public Safety instituted the Reign of Terror under Maximillien Robespierre. 7) Napoleon Bonaparte rose to power as a general defeating European powers. 8) Napoleon
The document provides an overview of the key events and causes of the French Revolution from 1789 to 1799. It discusses the unfair taxation system that burdened the third estate and led to unrest. Major developments included the storming of the Bastille, the establishment of the National Assembly, and the abolition of feudalism. The monarchy was overthrown and a republic established, though this gave way to the Reign of Terror under Robespierre. Eventually, a Directory assumed power in France as the Revolution came to an end.
The French Revolution was caused by social inequalities, unfair taxation that burdened the poor, and new Enlightenment ideas that inspired the people to seek change. The Revolution began in 1789 when the Third Estate formed the National Assembly and took the Tennis Court Oath to write a constitution. This led to unrest, the storming of the Bastille prison, and the establishment of a constitutional monarchy. However, revolutionary violence increased in the following years as the monarchy was overthrown and King Louis XVI was executed. Maximilien Robespierre then rose to power and instituted the Reign of Terror from 1793-1794, executing over 40,000 people with the guillotine before he too was over
France on the eve of the revolution was divided into three estates. The First Estate was the clergy who owned 10% of the land and paid no taxes. The Second Estate was the nobles who held government positions but also paid no taxes. The Third Estate was everyone else, around 98% of the population who were peasants, workers, and the middle class and paid all the taxes. The Third Estate resented the privileges of the upper estates and the burden of taxes especially as food prices rose. King Louis XVI called the Estates General to address France's economic troubles but each estate got one vote, favoring the First and Second Estates. The Third Estate declared itself the National Assembly and took the Tennis Court Oath to create
This document provides an overview of the French Revolution and Napoleon's rise to power between 1789-1815. It discusses the social structure and economic troubles under the Old Regime, the storming of the Bastille, the establishment of the National Assembly, the Declaration of the Rights of Man, the overthrow of the monarchy and establishment of a republic, the Reign of Terror led by Robespierre, and Napoleon's eventual seizure of power and establishment of the First French Empire.
Powerpoint point 1, french revolution- Michael Jenningsjenni2ms
The document summarizes the key events and outcomes of the French Revolution from 1789 to 1799. It describes the causes of revolution, including excessive spending under Louis XIV, debt from supporting the American Revolution, and unequal representation of the three estates. Tensions rose and the National Assembly was formed after the storming of the Bastille. The Declaration of the Rights of Man established new rights and freedoms. The Revolution grew more radical over time, leading to the rise of Robespierre and the Reign of Terror from 1793-94. After this, the Directory reorganized the government until Napoleon's rise to power. The Revolution dramatically restructured French politics and society and spread ideas of nationalism.
This presentation is about the French revolution which took place in the recent past and had been successful in shaping the country through such grave conditions.
The French Revolution began in 1789 and overthrew the French monarchy and feudal system. Rising food prices and high taxes imposed on the common people sparked anger against King Louis XVI and the unequal system. In 1789, the Third Estate declared itself a national assembly and abolished feudalism. However, the king's attempts to suppress the revolution led to his execution in 1793 along with his wife Marie Antoinette. Maximilien Robespierre took control and instituted a Reign of Terror, sending thousands to the guillotine until his own execution in 1794. The Revolution established a republic and had lasting effects like dividing political power and recognizing basic rights and liberties.
The causes of the French Revolution were political, social, and economic factors as well as new ideas emerging from the Enlightenment. Politically, King Louis XVI had absolute power as monarch but was unaware of his subjects' needs. Socially, poverty increased greatly. Economically, the government faced bankruptcy and a debt crisis exacerbated by the lavish lifestyle of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette. New Enlightenment ideas about liberty, equality, and popular sovereignty spread, inspired by the American Revolution.
The French Revolution began in 1789 as the poor third estate grew angry over their lack of representation and equality compared to the first and second estates. They took an oath at a tennis court to form a national assembly and constitution. Over the next decade, violence erupted as the monarchy was overthrown and Robespierre established the Reign of Terror. The revolution installed several short-lived governments until Napoleon Bonaparte seized power in 1799, bringing the revolution to an end. The revolution profoundly influenced ideas of democracy, equality, and the role of citizens in government across Europe.
The document summarizes key aspects of the French Revolution including:
1) Important figures like Napoleon Bonaparte, Louis XVI, and Robespierre.
2) Discrimination in the estate system which caused resentment among the third estate who faced high taxes.
3) Events that sparked the revolution like the subsistence crisis and storming of the Bastille.
4) Changes like abolishing the monarchy and establishing a republic, and symbols of the revolution like the tricolor flag and Phrygian cap.
King Louis XVI faced financial difficulties due to lavish spending and debt from wars. This caused social unrest among the three estates, as the Third Estate (peasants and commoners) faced high taxes while the First (clergy) and Second (nobles) estates paid none. On July 14, 1789, the Third Estate stormed the Bastille prison in protest, marking the beginning of the French Revolution.
The French Revolution timeline from 1789-1792 outlines major events:
1) In May 1789, King Louis XVI calls the Estates General due to financial problems, and the Third Estate forms the National Assembly.
2) In July 1789, the mob storms the Bastille prison in Paris seeking weapons, becoming a symbol of the Revolution.
3) In August 1789, the Declaration of the Rights of Man declares all men equal before the law with equal rights.
French Revolution done in 2007 (IX Class) By Prabhat GauravSahil Gaurav
I hope that this ppt will help you a lot. This presentation consist of the facts about French Revolution in 2007....This would be helpful for the students in 9 class.
The French Revolution began in 1789 and overthrew the French monarchy and feudal system. On July 14, 1789, the people of Paris stormed the Bastille prison, freeing the prisoners and beginning the revolution. The revolution established France as a constitutional monarchy but divisions and unrest continued that led to the rise of Robespierre and the Reign of Terror in 1793-94 where thousands were executed. The revolution transformed France from an absolute monarchy to a republic with the ideals of liberty, equality and fraternity.
The French Revolution began in 1788 when King Louis XVI called the Estates-General to address France's financial troubles. This led to tensions between the three estates, and the formation of the National Assembly by the Third Estate. On July 14, 1789, the storming of the Bastille prison by Parisians marked the start of the Revolution. The National Assembly abolished feudalism and declared basic rights and liberties in the Declaration of the Rights of Man. However, the Revolution grew increasingly radical as outside powers invaded France and the Reign of Terror began, with Robespierre sending thousands to the guillotine until his own execution in 1794. The Revolution transformed France from a monarchy to a democratic republic and
The French Revolution presentation for high school World History class.
France, King Louis XVI, Marie Antoinette, taxes, economic depression, Enlightenment, the 3 Estates, the Estates General, Palace at Versailles, Château de Versailles, the Bastille, Tennis Court Oath, National Assembly,Voltaire, Jacobins, Maximilian Robespierre, guillotine, Great Fear, Reign of Terror
The French Revolution and Napoleonic Era - AP European HistoryHals
The French Revolution began in 1789 due to widespread financial problems, poor harvests raising food prices, and resentment of the privileged estates. The Third Estate demanded political representation, leading them to form the National Assembly and take the Tennis Court Oath. In July 1789, the storming of the Bastille marked the start of the Revolution. The National Assembly abolished feudalism and established a constitutional monarchy, though unrest continued. The monarchy was overthrown and Louis XVI was executed in 1793, ushering in the Reign of Terror led by Robespierre. Napoleon later crowned himself emperor and established reforms but was eventually defeated at Waterloo in 1815. The Congress of Vienna redrew the map of Europe
The French Revolution began in 1789 and overthrew the French monarchy and feudal system. The Third Estate, made up of peasants and bourgeoisie, rebelled against the First and Second Estates of clergy and nobles who did not pay taxes. They formed the National Assembly and swore the Tennis Court Oath to create a new constitution. In July 1789, an angry mob stormed the Bastille prison, seen as a symbol of royal oppression. The National Assembly abolished feudalism and established basic rights and liberties for citizens in the Declaration of the Rights of Man. After King Louis XVI tried to flee the country, he was captured and executed for treason in 1793 during the Reign of Terror led by Rob
The French Revolution led to the end of the monarchy and establishment of a republic in France. Prior to the revolution, French society was divided into estates with the clergy and nobility making up the first and second estates. The third estate comprised mostly poor peasants and laborers who faced economic hardship and subsistence crisis. Inspired by Enlightenment ideas, the middle class and third estate demanded greater political rights and representation. This led to the storming of the Bastille and abolition of feudalism. A constitutional monarchy was established in 1791 but eventually gave way to a republic after the overthrow of the monarchy in 1792 during the Reign of Terror led by Robespierre.
The French Revolution began in 1789 and led to the end of the monarchy in France. Growing discontent with the French monarchy and its financial troubles caused by wars contributed to the start of the revolution. In July 1789, the storming of the Bastille prison by angry mobs marked the beginning of the revolution. France then became a constitutional monarchy with a constitution drafted in 1791 that limited the king's powers and established basic rights and liberties.
The French Revolution began in 1789 with the storming of the Bastille prison in Paris by revolutionaries. French society was highly unequal, with the majority of the population (the third estate) facing heavy taxation while the nobility and clergy were largely exempt. This, combined with Enlightenment ideas of equality and natural rights, led to growing unrest among commoners and the middle class. The Revolution abolished the monarchy and feudal system of France, establishing a constitutional monarchy then a republic, with the execution of King Louis XVI. A period of violence known as the Reign of Terror followed, led by Robespierre, before a Directory government was established under Napoleon Bonaparte.
The document provides background information on the causes of the American Revolution, including several key events:
- The French and Indian War (1754-1763) and the Proclamation of 1763 angered colonists by restricting settlement past the Appalachians.
- The Stamp Act of 1765, Quartering Acts, and Townshend Acts imposed new taxes on the colonies without colonial consent.
- The Boston Massacre in 1770 and the Boston Tea Party in 1773 increased tensions between Britain and its colonies.
- In response to the Intolerable Acts of 1774, the First Continental Congress met to discuss colonial grievances and consider options, including war with Britain.
The French Revolution was sparked by growing economic and social inequality between the three estates. The Third Estate, which represented the common people, bore the tax burden but had little political power. They rebelled in 1789, storming the Bastille and forcing King Louis XVI to accept a constitutional monarchy. However, tensions remained and radical factions grew more powerful. The monarchy was overthrown and Louis XVI was executed in 1793, marking the onset of the Reign of Terror by the Jacobins to consolidate the Revolution.
The French Revolution was caused by social inequalities, unfair taxation that burdened the poor, and new Enlightenment ideas that inspired the people to seek change. The Revolution began in 1789 when the Third Estate formed the National Assembly and took the Tennis Court Oath to write a constitution. This led to unrest, the storming of the Bastille prison, and the establishment of a constitutional monarchy. However, revolutionary violence increased in the following years as the monarchy was overthrown and King Louis XVI was executed. Maximilien Robespierre then rose to power and instituted the Reign of Terror from 1793-1794, executing over 40,000 people with the guillotine before he too was over
France on the eve of the revolution was divided into three estates. The First Estate was the clergy who owned 10% of the land and paid no taxes. The Second Estate was the nobles who held government positions but also paid no taxes. The Third Estate was everyone else, around 98% of the population who were peasants, workers, and the middle class and paid all the taxes. The Third Estate resented the privileges of the upper estates and the burden of taxes especially as food prices rose. King Louis XVI called the Estates General to address France's economic troubles but each estate got one vote, favoring the First and Second Estates. The Third Estate declared itself the National Assembly and took the Tennis Court Oath to create
This document provides an overview of the French Revolution and Napoleon's rise to power between 1789-1815. It discusses the social structure and economic troubles under the Old Regime, the storming of the Bastille, the establishment of the National Assembly, the Declaration of the Rights of Man, the overthrow of the monarchy and establishment of a republic, the Reign of Terror led by Robespierre, and Napoleon's eventual seizure of power and establishment of the First French Empire.
Powerpoint point 1, french revolution- Michael Jenningsjenni2ms
The document summarizes the key events and outcomes of the French Revolution from 1789 to 1799. It describes the causes of revolution, including excessive spending under Louis XIV, debt from supporting the American Revolution, and unequal representation of the three estates. Tensions rose and the National Assembly was formed after the storming of the Bastille. The Declaration of the Rights of Man established new rights and freedoms. The Revolution grew more radical over time, leading to the rise of Robespierre and the Reign of Terror from 1793-94. After this, the Directory reorganized the government until Napoleon's rise to power. The Revolution dramatically restructured French politics and society and spread ideas of nationalism.
This presentation is about the French revolution which took place in the recent past and had been successful in shaping the country through such grave conditions.
The French Revolution began in 1789 and overthrew the French monarchy and feudal system. Rising food prices and high taxes imposed on the common people sparked anger against King Louis XVI and the unequal system. In 1789, the Third Estate declared itself a national assembly and abolished feudalism. However, the king's attempts to suppress the revolution led to his execution in 1793 along with his wife Marie Antoinette. Maximilien Robespierre took control and instituted a Reign of Terror, sending thousands to the guillotine until his own execution in 1794. The Revolution established a republic and had lasting effects like dividing political power and recognizing basic rights and liberties.
The causes of the French Revolution were political, social, and economic factors as well as new ideas emerging from the Enlightenment. Politically, King Louis XVI had absolute power as monarch but was unaware of his subjects' needs. Socially, poverty increased greatly. Economically, the government faced bankruptcy and a debt crisis exacerbated by the lavish lifestyle of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette. New Enlightenment ideas about liberty, equality, and popular sovereignty spread, inspired by the American Revolution.
The French Revolution began in 1789 as the poor third estate grew angry over their lack of representation and equality compared to the first and second estates. They took an oath at a tennis court to form a national assembly and constitution. Over the next decade, violence erupted as the monarchy was overthrown and Robespierre established the Reign of Terror. The revolution installed several short-lived governments until Napoleon Bonaparte seized power in 1799, bringing the revolution to an end. The revolution profoundly influenced ideas of democracy, equality, and the role of citizens in government across Europe.
The document summarizes key aspects of the French Revolution including:
1) Important figures like Napoleon Bonaparte, Louis XVI, and Robespierre.
2) Discrimination in the estate system which caused resentment among the third estate who faced high taxes.
3) Events that sparked the revolution like the subsistence crisis and storming of the Bastille.
4) Changes like abolishing the monarchy and establishing a republic, and symbols of the revolution like the tricolor flag and Phrygian cap.
King Louis XVI faced financial difficulties due to lavish spending and debt from wars. This caused social unrest among the three estates, as the Third Estate (peasants and commoners) faced high taxes while the First (clergy) and Second (nobles) estates paid none. On July 14, 1789, the Third Estate stormed the Bastille prison in protest, marking the beginning of the French Revolution.
The French Revolution timeline from 1789-1792 outlines major events:
1) In May 1789, King Louis XVI calls the Estates General due to financial problems, and the Third Estate forms the National Assembly.
2) In July 1789, the mob storms the Bastille prison in Paris seeking weapons, becoming a symbol of the Revolution.
3) In August 1789, the Declaration of the Rights of Man declares all men equal before the law with equal rights.
French Revolution done in 2007 (IX Class) By Prabhat GauravSahil Gaurav
I hope that this ppt will help you a lot. This presentation consist of the facts about French Revolution in 2007....This would be helpful for the students in 9 class.
The French Revolution began in 1789 and overthrew the French monarchy and feudal system. On July 14, 1789, the people of Paris stormed the Bastille prison, freeing the prisoners and beginning the revolution. The revolution established France as a constitutional monarchy but divisions and unrest continued that led to the rise of Robespierre and the Reign of Terror in 1793-94 where thousands were executed. The revolution transformed France from an absolute monarchy to a republic with the ideals of liberty, equality and fraternity.
The French Revolution began in 1788 when King Louis XVI called the Estates-General to address France's financial troubles. This led to tensions between the three estates, and the formation of the National Assembly by the Third Estate. On July 14, 1789, the storming of the Bastille prison by Parisians marked the start of the Revolution. The National Assembly abolished feudalism and declared basic rights and liberties in the Declaration of the Rights of Man. However, the Revolution grew increasingly radical as outside powers invaded France and the Reign of Terror began, with Robespierre sending thousands to the guillotine until his own execution in 1794. The Revolution transformed France from a monarchy to a democratic republic and
The French Revolution presentation for high school World History class.
France, King Louis XVI, Marie Antoinette, taxes, economic depression, Enlightenment, the 3 Estates, the Estates General, Palace at Versailles, Château de Versailles, the Bastille, Tennis Court Oath, National Assembly,Voltaire, Jacobins, Maximilian Robespierre, guillotine, Great Fear, Reign of Terror
The French Revolution and Napoleonic Era - AP European HistoryHals
The French Revolution began in 1789 due to widespread financial problems, poor harvests raising food prices, and resentment of the privileged estates. The Third Estate demanded political representation, leading them to form the National Assembly and take the Tennis Court Oath. In July 1789, the storming of the Bastille marked the start of the Revolution. The National Assembly abolished feudalism and established a constitutional monarchy, though unrest continued. The monarchy was overthrown and Louis XVI was executed in 1793, ushering in the Reign of Terror led by Robespierre. Napoleon later crowned himself emperor and established reforms but was eventually defeated at Waterloo in 1815. The Congress of Vienna redrew the map of Europe
The French Revolution began in 1789 and overthrew the French monarchy and feudal system. The Third Estate, made up of peasants and bourgeoisie, rebelled against the First and Second Estates of clergy and nobles who did not pay taxes. They formed the National Assembly and swore the Tennis Court Oath to create a new constitution. In July 1789, an angry mob stormed the Bastille prison, seen as a symbol of royal oppression. The National Assembly abolished feudalism and established basic rights and liberties for citizens in the Declaration of the Rights of Man. After King Louis XVI tried to flee the country, he was captured and executed for treason in 1793 during the Reign of Terror led by Rob
The French Revolution led to the end of the monarchy and establishment of a republic in France. Prior to the revolution, French society was divided into estates with the clergy and nobility making up the first and second estates. The third estate comprised mostly poor peasants and laborers who faced economic hardship and subsistence crisis. Inspired by Enlightenment ideas, the middle class and third estate demanded greater political rights and representation. This led to the storming of the Bastille and abolition of feudalism. A constitutional monarchy was established in 1791 but eventually gave way to a republic after the overthrow of the monarchy in 1792 during the Reign of Terror led by Robespierre.
The French Revolution began in 1789 and led to the end of the monarchy in France. Growing discontent with the French monarchy and its financial troubles caused by wars contributed to the start of the revolution. In July 1789, the storming of the Bastille prison by angry mobs marked the beginning of the revolution. France then became a constitutional monarchy with a constitution drafted in 1791 that limited the king's powers and established basic rights and liberties.
The French Revolution began in 1789 with the storming of the Bastille prison in Paris by revolutionaries. French society was highly unequal, with the majority of the population (the third estate) facing heavy taxation while the nobility and clergy were largely exempt. This, combined with Enlightenment ideas of equality and natural rights, led to growing unrest among commoners and the middle class. The Revolution abolished the monarchy and feudal system of France, establishing a constitutional monarchy then a republic, with the execution of King Louis XVI. A period of violence known as the Reign of Terror followed, led by Robespierre, before a Directory government was established under Napoleon Bonaparte.
The document provides background information on the causes of the American Revolution, including several key events:
- The French and Indian War (1754-1763) and the Proclamation of 1763 angered colonists by restricting settlement past the Appalachians.
- The Stamp Act of 1765, Quartering Acts, and Townshend Acts imposed new taxes on the colonies without colonial consent.
- The Boston Massacre in 1770 and the Boston Tea Party in 1773 increased tensions between Britain and its colonies.
- In response to the Intolerable Acts of 1774, the First Continental Congress met to discuss colonial grievances and consider options, including war with Britain.
The French Revolution was sparked by growing economic and social inequality between the three estates. The Third Estate, which represented the common people, bore the tax burden but had little political power. They rebelled in 1789, storming the Bastille and forcing King Louis XVI to accept a constitutional monarchy. However, tensions remained and radical factions grew more powerful. The monarchy was overthrown and Louis XVI was executed in 1793, marking the onset of the Reign of Terror by the Jacobins to consolidate the Revolution.
The document discusses the causes and characteristics of revolutions through examining the French Revolution. It identifies several factors that contributed to the revolution including economic struggles, unfair taxation and class divisions between the three estates. The document outlines the major events of the revolution including the storming of the Bastille, the establishment of the National Assembly and the execution of King Louis XVI. It also discusses the rise and fall of Napoleon Bonaparte in the aftermath of the revolution.
The document summarizes key events and conditions in late 18th century France leading up to the French Revolution. It describes the financial troubles facing the French monarchy and commoners, unrest over unfair taxation and representation, and the antiquated voting system of the Estates General which divided French society into three unequal estates and gave the privileged clergy and nobility much greater representation than the commoners. These conditions created widespread discontent that contributed to the outbreak of revolution.
Causes of Tension & Conflict in the Old Regimelennyambrosini
1) Prior to the French Revolution, France was an absolute monarchy ruled by King Louis XVI.
2) The government was inefficient and incoherent, with overlapping jurisdictions that interpreted laws differently. Taxation was also unequal and the privileged orders paid little tax.
3) The economy was largely agricultural and backward, with traditional methods of farming and little industrialization compared to Britain. Overseas trade was one area that was booming.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Olympe de Gouges was a French playwright and journalist during the French Revolution who demanded equal rights for women through her writings. In her Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen from 1791, she challenged male authority and inequality between men and women. She supported the French Revolution through her publications but was later executed by guillotine during the Reign of Terror for criticizing Maximilien Robespierre and his regime in print.
The document is a chapter presentation on the French Revolution and Napoleon from 1789-1815. It covers the causes of the French Revolution, key events like the storming of the Bastille, the Reign of Terror under Robespierre, Napoleon's rise to power and creation of an empire, and the Congress of Vienna after his defeat. The presentation contains images, maps, and interactive sections to illustrate the major political and military developments during this turbulent period.
The French Revolution was sparked by Enlightenment ideals of liberty, equality, and fraternity. The poor economic conditions and unfair system that privileged the nobility led the people to storm the Bastille prison and spark the revolution. However, divisions grew between moderate and radical factions. As the revolution progressed, it grew increasingly violent as the monarchy was overthrown and King Louis XVI was executed. Maximilien Robespierre then instituted the Reign of Terror to consolidate radical power.
The document provides details about the French Revolution and the events leading up to it. It discusses:
- The unequal French society under King Louis XVI with the privileged estates and unfair taxation that contributed to discontent.
- Enlightenment thinkers like Rousseau and Montesquieu influenced ideas of equality, rights, and separation of powers.
- The storming of the Bastille prison in 1789 marked the start of the Revolution. The National Assembly abolished feudalism and the monarchy was overthrown.
- The Reign of Terror under Robespierre established a repressive government until his own overthrow and execution in 1794.
The document summarizes the social and political conditions in France prior to the French Revolution. The country was divided into three estates, with the clergy and nobility comprising the first two estates and enjoying many privileges, while the common people made up the large third estate and carried most of the tax burden. Mounting financial problems and calls for political reform led to the convening of the Estates General in 1789. When the third estate demanded equal representation, they broke off and formed the National Assembly, taking the Tennis Court Oath not to disperse until a constitution was drafted. This marked a major step toward revolutionary change in France.
The document summarizes key events of the Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment, French Revolution, and Napoleon's rise to power. The Scientific Revolution involved a shift away from the geocentric view towards using observation and experimentation. The Enlightenment applied rational thinking to understand society and challenge traditional institutions. The French Revolution overthrew the monarchy and established a republic but then descended into the Reign of Terror under Robespierre. Napoleon later took control of France and established himself as Emperor, building a large European empire through military conquest before eventually being defeated.
AP Causes of the French Revolution GLASS 2020.pptNamitaPatra3
The document provides background information on the causes of the French Revolution through several sections:
1. It describes the socio-political system of pre-revolutionary France known as the Old Regime, which divided society into three estates and imposed heavy taxes on the Third Estate.
2. It identifies economic difficulties, Enlightenment ideas questioning absolute monarchy, and influence from the American Revolution as contributing factors.
3. It outlines the calling of the Estates General in 1789 by King Louis XVI to address financial problems, but the three estates could not agree on procedures, leading the Third Estate to declare itself the National Assembly.
4. Describing rising tensions, it concludes with the storming of
The document provides background information on the radical phase of the French Revolution from 1793-1794. Key events included the establishment of the Committee of Public Safety and the Reign of Terror led by Robespierre. During this time, the Jacobins consolidated power, established a revolutionary government, enforced mass conscription, imposed price controls, and executed thousands of opponents, including Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette. Religious de-Christianization programs were also implemented in an effort to establish a secular republic.
The French Revolution occurred from 1789 to 1815 and transformed France from an absolute monarchy to a republic, with the monarchy eventually being replaced by Napoleon who crowned himself emperor. The revolution introduced new political ideologies like liberalism and radicalism across Europe but was followed by a conservative restoration of the old ruling families. The changes brought by the revolution had lasting impacts that shaped Western Europe throughout the 19th century as countries balanced preserving absolute monarchies with demands for more democratic reforms.
The document provides background on the French Revolution from 1789-1794. It describes the three estates system and growing discontent of the Third Estate, as well as events that sparked the revolution such as the storming of the Bastille. The summary focuses on key groups that emerged during the Moderate and Radical stages of the revolution. The Moderate stage saw the formation of the National Assembly and early reforms. The Radical stage was dominated by the Sans-culottes, Jacobins, and Montagnards like Marat and Robespierre who unleashed terror, while the Girondins lost popularity for opposing the overthrow of the monarchy.
The French Revolution began in 1788 as King Louis XVI called the Estates-General due to France's bankrupt treasury. This led to conflict between the three estates of French society, and the formation of the National Assembly to represent citizens more equally. On July 14, 1789, the storming of the Bastille fortress by Parisians symbolized the people's growing discontent with the absolute monarchy. The Revolution then spread violence and turmoil across France as radical factions gained influence and instituted the Reign of Terror under Robespierre, sending thousands to the guillotine until his own execution in 1794. The monarchy was abolished, leaving France a democratic republic but still unstable amid conflict with other European nations.
The French Revolution began in 1789 due to growing discontent with the French monarchy and the unequal system of the three estates. The Third Estate, made up of the commoners, demanded political reforms and more representation. This led to the formation of the National Assembly and the storming of the Bastille prison. The Assembly abolished the privileges of the nobility and clergy, declaring the equal rights of all citizens in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen. However, economic troubles and military defeats weakened the new government and radical factions grew which ultimately overthrew the monarchy.
The French Revolution began in 1789 with the storming of the Bastille prison in Paris by the commoners, marking a turning point where the king's authority collapsed. Key events included the commoners taking the Tennis Court Oath to draft a constitution, and the National Assembly abolishing aristocratic privileges and adopting the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen establishing liberty, equality, and resistance to oppression. However, the revolution grew more radical over time, with King Louis XVI and his wife Marie Antoinette eventually being put on trial and guillotined. Maximilien Robespierre and the Committee of Public Safety instituted the Reign of Terror to eliminate enemies of the revolution, establishing a period of violence from
Learn about the French Revolution. Instigators, Major Events during this time period and the effects/ ending are covered here.
Not mine. My Professor made this.
Prior to the revolution, France was one of the most powerful countries in Europe but was in deep financial crisis due to years of war and debt. As economic conditions deteriorated, resentment grew among commoners towards the privileged nobility and clergy. On July 14, 1789, protesters stormed the Bastille prison, marking the start of the French Revolution. Over the next few years, the monarchy was overthrown and King Louis XVI and his wife Marie Antoinette were executed for treason, leading to the establishment of a republic. However, internal power struggles and the Reign of Terror led by Robespierre resulted in thousands of deaths before a new, more moderate government came to power.
This document summarizes key events of the early French Revolution from 1789 to 1791:
1) It describes the meeting of the Estates-General in May 1789 and the formation of the National Assembly by the Third Estate.
2) It then discusses the Tennis Court Oath in June 1789, where the National Assembly vowed to write a constitution.
3) The storming of the Bastille on July 14, 1789 by angry Parisians seeking arms and ammunition is presented as a pivotal early act of the Revolution.
Prior to the revolution, France was one of the most powerful countries in Europe but faced a major financial crisis due to decades of war and the lavish spending of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette. Growing discontent among the common people and the influence of Enlightenment ideas led to calls for political and economic reforms. In 1789, the storming of the Bastille fortress by angry peasants marked the start of the French Revolution, ushering in a new era of government in France.
The document provides an overview of the key events and causes leading up to the French Revolution. It discusses the socioeconomic inequalities and oppressive policies under the Ancien Régime that led to growing discontent among commoners. Major developments included the meeting of the Estates-General in 1789, the storming of the Bastille, and the adoption of the Declaration of the Rights of Man in the early years of the revolution. The document also outlines the three stages of the revolution from 1789 to Napoleon's rise to power in 1804.
The French Revolution lasted from 1789 to 1799, transforming France from a monarchy ruled by King Louis XVI to a republic. This period saw the establishment of a constitutional monarchy followed by increasingly radical governments under Robespierre and the Directory. Napoleon Bonaparte rose to power as a military leader, becoming the emperor of France, though the nations he conquered resented French rule and rebelled.
The French Revolution began with economic problems and calls for political reform. In May 1789, the Estates General met but the Third Estate declared itself the National Assembly after being denied fair voting. They took the Tennis Court Oath to create a new constitution. King Louis XVI accepted limited power but secretly planned to dissolve the Assembly. Rising bread prices and rumors of a royalist attack led to the storming of the Bastille prison on July 14, 1789, marking the start of the revolution. The National Assembly established rights and freedoms in the Declaration of the Rights of Man but the King remained opposed to reforms.
The document provides an overview of the causes and events of the French Revolution from 1789-1799. It discusses how the ideas of the Enlightenment and inequalities between the three estates led to unrest. Key events included the formation of the National Assembly, the storming of the Bastille, bread riots, and the declaration of the Rights of Man which established new freedoms and moved France from an absolute to constitutional monarchy.
The French Revolution began in 1789 and ended in 1799. It was caused by economic, political, and social factors including a bankrupt government, an absolute monarchy, and unequal rights and taxation that disadvantaged the third estate. The revolution removed the monarchy and established a republic, but this period was marked by instability and violence including the Reign of Terror led by Robespierre that resulted in thousands of deaths by guillotine. The revolution dramatically transformed French government and society and had widespread impact on other European countries.
The French Revolution began due to long-standing divisions in French society between the privileged estates and the commoners who paid most of the taxes. Facing a financial crisis, King Louis XVI called the Estates-General, an advisory body, to meet for the first time in over 150 years. The Third Estate, representing the commoners, demanded equal representation which led to the formation of the National Assembly. Inspired by Enlightenment ideas, the Assembly abolished feudalism and declared basic rights and liberties in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen. However, as the Revolution grew more radical, the monarchy was suspended and the King was taken captive, marking the end of the old regime.
The French Revolution from 1789-1799 transformed France from an absolute monarchy to a republic. It was influenced by Enlightenment ideas and the American Revolution. Economic troubles and poor harvests led to unrest and the storming of the Bastille prison in 1789. A National Assembly declared a constitutional monarchy but divisions grew. Radical Jacobins took power and instituted a Reign of Terror from 1793-1794 under Robespierre, executing thousands. The monarchy was abolished and the First French Republic formed. Napoleon later seized power in a 1799 coup, ending the Revolution.
The document provides an overview of the key events of the French Revolution from 1789 to 1799. It discusses the social structure under the French monarchy with the three estates, growing discontent among the third estate, events that sparked the revolution like the storming of the Bastille, and the establishment of a constitutional monarchy. However, further unrest led to the rise of radical Jacobins, the execution of Louis XVI, the Reign of Terror under Robespierre, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte, bringing the revolutionary period to a close.
1. 18th century French society was deeply divided along lines of social class, with the clergy and nobility making up the privileged first and second estates paying no taxes, while the commoners of the third estate faced heavy taxation to support the extravagant lifestyles of the upper classes.
2. Growing economic troubles, poor harvests, and the influence of Enlightenment philosophers challenging the status quo led to unrest among the third estate and middle class.
3. When King Louis XVI called the Estates General in 1789 to deal with a financial crisis, the third estate took the opportunity to demand sweeping reforms, declaring itself a national assembly intent on drafting a constitution and ending absolute monarchy. This triggered the
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Thomas Hobbes believed that in a state of nature where everyone is free, life would be "nasty, brutish and short" due to fear, violence and self-interest. Only by giving up individual sovereignty and freedom to an authoritarian ruler can security be achieved for all. In contrast, John Locke believed people are rational and can govern themselves. He advocated for a social contract where people consent to a government that protects private property and is accountable to the people, as life, liberty and property are more important than absolute authority. Government should justify its actions through popular consent.
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𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
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𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
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LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
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The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
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providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
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ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
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Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
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বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh - RAYH...
French revolution 1ppt
1. By: Susan M. Pojer
Horace Greeley H. S. Chappaqua,
NY
2. It was the best of times,
it was the worst of times,
it was the age of wisdom,
it was the age of foolishness,
it was the epoch of belief,
it was the epoch of incredulity…
-- Charles Dickens
A Tale of Two Cities
7. The Necklace Scandal
1,600,000 livres
[$100 million today]
Y Cardinal Louis René Édouard de Rohan
Y The Countess de LaMotte
8. Let Them Eat Cake!
Y Marie Antoinette NEVER said that!
Y “Madame Deficit”
Y “The Austrian Whore”
9. Crane Brinton’s Anatomy of
Y a
He borrowed his terms from
pathology.
Y Compares a revolution to a
fever or a disease:Revolution
The revolutionary “fever”
begins with the appearance of
certain “symptoms.”
It proceeds by advances and
retreats to a crisis stage, or
“delirium.”
The crisis ends when the
“fever” breaks.
A period of convalescence
follows, interrupted by a
relapse or two before the
recovery is complete.
10. Crane Brinton: Conditions
Present Before a Revolution
Occurs
1. People from all social classes are discontented.
2. People feel restless and held down by
unacceptable restrictions in society, religion, the
economy or the govt.
3. People are hopeful about the future, but they are
being forced to accept less than they had hoped
for.
4. People are beginning to think of themselves as
belonging to a social class, and there is a growing
bitterness between social classes.
5. The social classes closest to one another are the
most hostile.
11. Crane Brinton: Conditions
Present Before a Revolution
6. The scholars andOccurs
thinkers give up on the way their
society operates.
7. The government does not respond to the needs of
its society.
8. The leaders of the government and the ruling
class begin to doubt themselves. Some join with
the opposition groups.
9. The government is unable to get enough support
from any group to save itself.
10. The government cannot organize its finances
correctly and is either going bankrupt or trying to
tax heavily and unjustly.
17. Lettres de Cachet
Y The French king could warrant
imprisonment or death in a
signed letter under his seal.
Y A carte-blanche warrant.
Y Cardinal Fleury issued 80,000
during the reign of Louis XV!
Y Eliminated in 1790.
19. The Suggested Voting Pattern:
Voting by Estates
Clergy
1 1st Estate
Aristocracy
1 2nd Estate
1
Commoners
3rd Estate
Louis XIV insisted that the ancient distinction of the
three orders be conserved in its entirety.
20. The Number of Representatives
in the Estates General: Vote by
Head! Clergy
1st Estate
300
Aristocracy
300 2nd Estate
648
Commoners
3rd Estate
21. Emmanuel Joseph
Sieyes
1st What is the Third
Estate? Everything!
2nd What has it been
heretofore in the
political order?
Nothing!
3rd What does it demand?
To become something
therein!
Abbé Sieyès
1748-1836
22. Convening the Estates General
May, 1789
Last time it was called into session was 1614!
23. “ The Third Estate
Y Awakens” but as
The commoners finally presented their credentials
not as delegates of the Third Estate,
“representatives of the nation.”
Y They proclaimed themselves the “National
Assembly” of France.
24. “ The Tennis Court Oath”
by Jacques Louis David
June 20, 1789
26. Storming the Bastille, July 14,
1789
Y A rumor that the king was planning a military coup
against the National Assembly.
Y 18 died.
Y 73 wounded.
Y 7 guards
killed.
Y It held 7
prisoners
[5 ordinary
criminals & 2
madmen].
27. Crane Brinton: The Course that
Revolutions Seem to Take
1. Impossible demands made of government
which, if granted, would mean its end.
2. Unsuccessful government attempts to
suppress revolutionaries.
3. Revolutionaries gain power and seem united.
4. Once in power, revolutionaries begin to
quarrel among themselves, and unity begins
to dissolve.
5. The moderates gain the leadership but fail
to satisfy those who insist on further
changes.
28. Crane Brinton: The Course that
Revolutions Seem to Take
6. Power is gained by progressively more radical
groups until finally a lunatic fringe gains
almost complete control.
7. A strong man emerges and assumes great
power.
8. The extremists try to create a “heaven-on-
earth” by introducing their whole program and
by punishing all of their opponents.
9. A period of terror [extreme violence] occurs.
10. Moderate groups regain power. THE
REVOLUTION IS OVER!
29. The Great Fear: Peasant
Revolt
(July 20, 1789)
Y Rumors that the feudal aristocracy [the aristos]
were sending hired brigands to attack peasants and
pillage their land.
31. Night Session of August 4,
1789
Y Before the night was over:
The feudal regime in France had
been abolished.
All Frenchmen were, at least in
principle, subject to the same laws
and the same taxes and eligible for
the same offices.
Equality & Meritocracy!
32. National Constituent
Assembly
1789 - 1791
Liberté!
Egalité!
Fraternité!
August Decrees
August 4-11, 1789
(A renunciation of aristocratic privileges!)
33. BUT . . . . .
Y Feudal dues were not renounced outright
[this had been too strong a threat to the
principle of private property!]
Y Peasants would compensate their landlords
through a series of direct payments for
obligations from which they had supposedly
been freed.
Therefore, the National Assembly made
revolutionary gestures, but remained
essentially moderate.
Their Goal Safeguard the right of private
property!!
34. The Tricolor (1789)
The WHITE of the
Bourbons + the RED &
BLUE of Paris.
Citizen!
39. The Declaration of the
Rights of Man and of the
Citizen August 26,
1789
V Liberty!
V Property!
V Resistance to
oppression!
V Thomas Jefferson
was in Paris at this
time.
40. The Declaration of the
Rights of Man and of the
Citizen
Posed New Dilemmas
1. Did women have equal rights with men?
2. What about free blacks in the colonies?
3. How could slavery be justified if all men
were born free?
4. Did religious toleration of Protestants
and Jews include equal political rights?
41. March of the Women,
October 5-6, 1789
A spontaneous demonstration of Parisian women
for bread.
We want the baker, the baker’s wife
and the baker’s boy!
42. The “October Days”
(1789)
The king was thought to be surrounded by evil
advisors at Versailles so he was forced to move to
Paris and reside at the Tuileries Palace.
44. Sir Edmund Burke (1790):
Reflections on the Revolution in
France
The conservative response
to the French Revolution
45. How to Finance the New
Govt.?
1. Confiscate Church Lands
(1790)
One of the most controversial decisions of the
entire revolutionary period.
46. 2. Print
Assignats
V Issued by the National Constituent Assembly.
V Interest-bearing notes which had the church lands as
security.
47. Depreciation of the
Assignat
V Whoever acquired them were entitled to certain
privileges in the purchase of church land.
V The state would retire the notes as the land was
sold.
V They began circulating as paper currency.
Government printed more INFLATION [they lost
99% of their value ultimately].
Therefore, future governments paid off their
creditors with cheap money.
48. The Civil Constitution
of the Clergy
July 12,
1790
Jurying
vs.
Non-Jurying
[refractory]
The oath of allegiance permanently Clergy
divided the Catholic population!
49. New Relations Between
Church & State
V Government paid the salaries of the French
clergy and maintained the churches.
V The church was reorganized:
Parish priests elected by the district
assemblies.
Bishops named by the
department assemblies.
The pope had NO
voice in the
appointment of
the French clergy.
V It transformed France’s
Roman Catholic Church
into a branch of the state!! Pope Pius VI
[1775-1799]
51. The French Constitution of
1791:
A Bourgeois Government
V The king got the “suspensive” veto [which
prevented the passage of laws for 4
years].
He could not pass laws.
His ministers were responsible for their
own actions.
V A permanent, elected, single chamber
National Assembly.
Had the power to grant taxation.
V An independent judiciary.
52. The French Constitution of
1791:
A Active” Citizen [who pays taxes
V “
Bourgeois Government
amounting to 3 days labor] could vote vs.
“Passive” Citizen.
1/3 of adult males were denied the
franchise.
Domestic servants were also excluded.
V A newly elected LEGISLATIVE
ASSEMBLY.
GOAL Make sure that the country
was not turned over to the mob!
turned over to the mob!
54. The Royal Family
Y
Attempts
June, 1791
Y
toHans Axel
Helped by the Swedish Count
Flee
von Fusen [Marie Antoinette’s lover].
Y Headed toward the
Luxembourg
border.
Y The King was
recognized at
Varennes, near
the border
55. Olympe de Gouges (1745-
1793)
V Women played a vital
role in the Revolution.
V But, The Declaration
of the Rights of Man
did NOT extend the
rights and
protections of
citizenship to women.
Declaration of the
Rights of Woman
and of the Citizen
(1791)
56. The First Coalition &
The Brunswick
Manifesto
Duke of Brunswick if the 3, 1792) is harmed,
(August Royal Family
Paris will be leveled!!
1792
1792
FRANCE -
- AUSTRIA
1797
1797 PRUSSIA
BRITAIN
SPAIN
PIEDMONT
This military crisis undermined the new
Legislative Assembly.
57. French Soldiers & the Tricolor:
Vive Le Patrie!
V The French armies
were ill-prepared for
the conflict.
V ½ of the officer corps
had emigrated.
V Many men disserted.
V New recruits were
enthusiastic, but
ill-trained.
V French troops often
broke ranks and fled
in disorder.
59. Bibliographic Resources
« “Hist210—Europe in the Age of Revolutions.”
http://www.ucl.ac.uk/history/courses/europe1/chron/r
« “Liberty, Fraternity, Equality: Exploring the
French Revolution.”
http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/
« Matthews, Andrew. Revolution and
Reaction: Europe, 1789-1849. Cambridge
University Press, 2001.
« “The Napoleonic Guide.”
http://www.napoleonguide.com/index.htm