Freedom day april 25
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The Carnation Revolution of 1974 in Portugal overthrew the authoritarian Estado Novo regime that had been in power since 1933. A military movement called the Armed Forces Movement, composed mostly of young captains who had fought in Portugal's colonial wars, launched the revolution on April 25, 1974 with little resistance. The revolution established the National Salvation Junta to govern the country and began a period of political and social turmoil known as the Revolutionary Process in Course as Portugal transitioned to democracy and granted independence to its African colonies.
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Spain in the 20th century, from dictatorship to democracy
The Spanish Civil War began in 1936 when General Francisco Franco led a military coup against the Spanish Republic. Spain was divided between Franco's Nationalists and the Republicans who supported the Republic. The Nationalists were victorious in 1939 and Franco established a dictatorship that lasted until his death in 1975. Under Franco, Spain experienced repression, lack of freedoms, and economic struggles until the 1960s. In 1969 Franco chose Prince Juan Carlos as his successor. After Franco's death in 1975, Juan Carlos oversaw Spain's transition to democracy, which was solidified with a new constitution approved in 1978.
Adolfo suarez
Adolfo Suárez was Spain's first democratically elected Prime Minister after Francisco Franco's dictatorship. He played a pivotal role in transitioning Spain to democracy in the 1970s and 1980s by legalizing political parties, holding democratic elections, and drafting a new constitution. However, political tensions led to his resignation in 1981 and he spent his later years in relative obscurity before passing away in 2014.
Spain in the 20th century, from dictatorship to democracy
The Spanish Civil War began in 1936 when General Francisco Franco led a military coup against the Spanish Republic. Spain was divided between Franco's Nationalists and the Republicans who supported the Republic. The Nationalists were victorious in 1939 and Franco established a dictatorship that lasted until his death in 1975. Under Franco there was repression of political opposition and regional cultures. After Franco's death in 1975, King Juan Carlos I oversaw the transition to democracy, appointing Adolfo Suárez to begin political reforms including free elections, legalizing political parties and unions. Spain established a new democratic constitution in 1978.
Adolfo Suárez
1. Adolfo Suárez played a key role in Spain's transition to democracy after Franco's death as the first Prime Minister elected in free democratic elections in 1977.
2. As Prime Minister, he legalized political parties, freed political prisoners, and oversaw the drafting of the Spanish constitution of 1978 which established Spain as a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy.
3. However, he resigned in 1981 due to political tensions, and later suffered from Alzheimer's disease where he could no longer remember his time as Prime Minister of Spain.
Spain the late 19th-the 20th century
During the Restoration period in Spain from 1875-1923:
- King Alfonso XII ruled as a constitutional monarch and brought greater stability, though political parties disliked the system of electoral fraud.
- Antonio Cánovas del Castillo organized a turno pacífico system with the Conservatives and Liberals alternating in power.
- Economic prosperity increased but Basque and Catalan nationalism grew in opposition to the unfair political system.
Fall of communism
Mikhail Gorbachev's policies of perestroika and glasnost in the Soviet Union led to its collapse. Perestroika restructured and decentralized the economy while glasnost allowed greater freedoms and criticism of the government. This encouraged revolutions across Eastern Europe in nations like Poland, Czechoslovakia, Romania, East Germany, and Yugoslavia. The people demanded democracy and market economies. By 1990 the Soviet Union had dissolved and former communist nations transitioned to capitalism and democracy.
Hist4 assess sheets_unit4
The document contains questions and tasks about the French Revolution and the Spanish War of Independence. It asks the reader to define several key terms related to these historical events like the French Revolution, Girondins, and constitutional monarchy. It also asks the reader to match important figures to either France or Spain and provide a brief description of each. Finally, it contains short answer questions about the consequences of the French Revolution, the Napoleonic Empire, and the political revolution during the Spanish War of Independence.
Unit 1 modern spain part 2
The Spanish War of Independence began in 1808 when Napoleon decided to conquer Spain and the French army occupied the country. This sparked a revolt in Madrid and led to a war that ended in 1814, though it was also a civil war about who should be the monarch. The war split Spanish government between the French-backed government under Joseph I and the Spanish government under Fernando VII. In 1812, the Spanish government approved the liberal Constitution of Cádiz while in exile in Cádiz. Upon returning to power in 1814, Fernando VII abolished the constitution and restored absolutism. This set the stage for future conflicts known as the Carlist Wars over the line of succession.
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The Spanish Civil War began in 1936 when General Francisco Franco led a military coup against the Spanish Republic. Spain was divided between Franco's Nationalists and the Republicans who supported the Republic. The Nationalists were victorious in 1939 and Franco established a dictatorship that lasted until his death in 1975. Under Franco, Spain experienced repression, lack of freedoms, and economic struggles until the 1960s. In 1969 Franco chose Prince Juan Carlos as his successor. After Franco's death in 1975, Juan Carlos oversaw Spain's transition to democracy, which was solidified with a new constitution approved in 1978.
Adolfo suarez
Adolfo Suárez was Spain's first democratically elected Prime Minister after Francisco Franco's dictatorship. He played a pivotal role in transitioning Spain to democracy in the 1970s and 1980s by legalizing political parties, holding democratic elections, and drafting a new constitution. However, political tensions led to his resignation in 1981 and he spent his later years in relative obscurity before passing away in 2014.
Spain in the 20th century, from dictatorship to democracy
The Spanish Civil War began in 1936 when General Francisco Franco led a military coup against the Spanish Republic. Spain was divided between Franco's Nationalists and the Republicans who supported the Republic. The Nationalists were victorious in 1939 and Franco established a dictatorship that lasted until his death in 1975. Under Franco there was repression of political opposition and regional cultures. After Franco's death in 1975, King Juan Carlos I oversaw the transition to democracy, appointing Adolfo Suárez to begin political reforms including free elections, legalizing political parties and unions. Spain established a new democratic constitution in 1978.
Adolfo Suárez
1. Adolfo Suárez played a key role in Spain's transition to democracy after Franco's death as the first Prime Minister elected in free democratic elections in 1977.
2. As Prime Minister, he legalized political parties, freed political prisoners, and oversaw the drafting of the Spanish constitution of 1978 which established Spain as a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy.
3. However, he resigned in 1981 due to political tensions, and later suffered from Alzheimer's disease where he could no longer remember his time as Prime Minister of Spain.
Spain the late 19th-the 20th century
During the Restoration period in Spain from 1875-1923:
- King Alfonso XII ruled as a constitutional monarch and brought greater stability, though political parties disliked the system of electoral fraud.
- Antonio Cánovas del Castillo organized a turno pacífico system with the Conservatives and Liberals alternating in power.
- Economic prosperity increased but Basque and Catalan nationalism grew in opposition to the unfair political system.
Fall of communism
Mikhail Gorbachev's policies of perestroika and glasnost in the Soviet Union led to its collapse. Perestroika restructured and decentralized the economy while glasnost allowed greater freedoms and criticism of the government. This encouraged revolutions across Eastern Europe in nations like Poland, Czechoslovakia, Romania, East Germany, and Yugoslavia. The people demanded democracy and market economies. By 1990 the Soviet Union had dissolved and former communist nations transitioned to capitalism and democracy.
Hist4 assess sheets_unit4
The document contains questions and tasks about the French Revolution and the Spanish War of Independence. It asks the reader to define several key terms related to these historical events like the French Revolution, Girondins, and constitutional monarchy. It also asks the reader to match important figures to either France or Spain and provide a brief description of each. Finally, it contains short answer questions about the consequences of the French Revolution, the Napoleonic Empire, and the political revolution during the Spanish War of Independence.
Unit 1 modern spain part 2
The Spanish War of Independence began in 1808 when Napoleon decided to conquer Spain and the French army occupied the country. This sparked a revolt in Madrid and led to a war that ended in 1814, though it was also a civil war about who should be the monarch. The war split Spanish government between the French-backed government under Joseph I and the Spanish government under Fernando VII. In 1812, the Spanish government approved the liberal Constitution of Cádiz while in exile in Cádiz. Upon returning to power in 1814, Fernando VII abolished the constitution and restored absolutism. This set the stage for future conflicts known as the Carlist Wars over the line of succession.
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The document summarizes the political situation in Portugal before and after April 25th, 1974. Before this date, Portugal was ruled by an authoritarian regime under Salazar and later Marcelo Caetano for over 40 years, with no democracy or freedom of speech. On April 25th, 1974, tired of the conflicts and lack of freedom, the armed forces (MFA) staged a coup and overthrew the dictatorship of Marcelo Caetano, marking the end of the authoritarian regime. They were indicated to move forward by two songs played on the radio. After the revolution known as the Carnation Revolution, censorship was abolished, political prisoners were freed, and free elections were held, marking the transition to democracy in Portugal.
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The document summarizes the political situation in Portugal before and after April 25th, 1974. Before this date, Portugal was ruled by an authoritarian dictatorship under Salazar and later Marcelo Caetano for over 40 years, with no democracy, freedom of speech, or free elections. Dissidents were arrested and tortured by P.I.D.E., the secret police. On April 25, 1974, tired of the conflicts and lack of freedom, the MFA military movement overthrew the regime. They launched the "Carnation Revolution" after receiving signals from two songs played on the radio, ending the dictatorship and establishing democracy, free elections, and civil liberties in Portugal.
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The Carnation Revolution was a bloodless military coup in Portugal on April 25, 1974 that overthrew the authoritarian Estado Novo regime, which had been in power since 1933. There were two secret signals that alerted rebel military officers to launch the coup - the playing of songs on the radio. After the coup succeeded, the country transitioned to democracy, with a new constitution coming into effect on April 25, 1976, establishing Portugal's status as a democratic republic. This event is now commemorated annually in Portugal as Freedom Day.
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Spain in the 20th century experienced the reign of King Alfonso XIII, the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera from 1923-1930, and the Second Republic from 1931-1939 which established rights for both genders and separation of church and state. A civil war from 1936-1939 resulted in victory for rebel forces led by Franco, beginning a dictatorship until 1975. Franco centralized power under a single authoritarian regime that prohibited opposition and favored Catholicism. In the 1970s, protests increased and upon Franco's death in 1975, Spain transitioned to a democratic constitutional monarchy through a process known as the Transition.
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In 3 sentences:
The month of June brings great festivities in Portugal celebrating St. Anthony from June 12th-29th, where the nights before each saint's day are filled with music, dancing, fireworks and traditions like giving basil or lavender to symbolize love. These three saints - Anthony, John and Peter - became popular as patron saints of love, fertility and marriage due to the importance of marriage and procreation in Portuguese colonies, and each saint is said to have miraculous powers to bring couples together or protect motherhood. Celebrating these saints is a way for communities to remember important figures and traditions.
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The Portuguese Tradition of Popular Saints
In 3 sentences:
The month of June brings great festivities in Portugal celebrating St. Anthony from June 12th-29th, where the nights before each saint's day are filled with music, dancing, fireworks and traditions like giving basil or lavender to symbolize love. These three saints - Anthony, John and Peter - became popular as patron saints of love, fertility and marriage due to the importance of marriage and procreation in Portuguese colonies, and each saint is said to have miraculous powers to bring couples together or protect motherhood. Celebrating these saints is a way for communities to remember important figures and traditions.
Portugal's National Day - june 10
Portugal's National Day is celebrated annually on June 10th to commemorate the death of Portuguese national poet Luís de Camões in 1580. Camões wrote Os Lusíadas, an epic poem celebrating Portugal's history and Age of Discovery that became a symbol of Portuguese nationalism. While Camões' death coincided with Portugal coming under Spanish rule, the date is now celebrated to honor Camões and the Portuguese people worldwide.
Post Office in Portugal
- The CTT - Portugal Couriers traces its origins back to 1520 with the creation of the first public courier service in Portugal by King Manuel I.
- It has adapted over 500 years to remain a trusted provider of postal, courier, express, parcel and financial services in Portugal, Spain, and Mozambique.
- With over 12,000 employees, CTT operates a large network of post offices and partners across Portugal to serve customers in an increasingly digital world.
The Maias
The document discusses the tradition of "Maias" in Portugal, which occurs from April 30th to May 1st. During this tradition, bouquets of yellow broom, known as "Maias", are placed at doors and windows. The custom originated from pagan fertility rituals celebrating the beginning of spring. It later took on a religious character in Christianity, with legends developing about the Holy Family placing branches when fleeing to Egypt. The tradition is celebrated differently in various regions of Portugal through May day songs, children dressed in floral costumes, and decorating homes and vehicles with flowers.
Tradicional Recipes of Portuguese Easter
This document provides recipes for traditional Portuguese Easter dishes, including:
1) Coriander cream with egg and bread, a potato-based soup.
2) Cod "à Gomes Sá", cod baked with potatoes, eggs, and onions.
3) Roast goat with potatoes, a marinated goat roast served with roasted potatoes.
It includes over a dozen additional recipes for dishes like roast lamb, meat balls, sweet breads, cakes, tarts and more that are commonly eaten as part of Portuguese Easter celebrations and feasts.
Mobility to Greece
Mobilidade à Grécia no âmbito do Programa Erasmus+, com o projeto "My culture, your culture, our culture", do Agrupamento de Escolas Emídio Navarro.
Easter traditions in Portugal
There are several Easter traditions in Portugal, including religious processions and special foods. Some key traditions include:
- Processions held during Holy Week to commemorate Jesus's journey to Jerusalem.
- Fasting from meat on Fridays during Lent before Easter Sunday, which is then a feast day with meat like lamb.
- Offering gifts like folar cakes, eggs, or almonds to godchildren and others on Easter.
- Beginning Holy Week on Palm Sunday which recreates Jesus's entry into Jerusalem with olive branches.
Means of transportation and their evolution
Disabled people face many challenges accessing transportation, housing, and employment opportunities. Laws like the Americans with Disabilities Act prohibit discrimination and require accommodations to improve accessibility. Continued advocacy is needed to ensure disabled individuals can fully participate in their communities.
Images of the youth of yesterday...
This very short document is in Portuguese and contains no meaningful information beyond repetition. It consists of two short phrases repeated with no context or explanation.
Coisas antigas
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. It states that regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help alleviate symptoms of mental illness.
The Cats
There were many cats in the neighborhood, each with their own unique personality and habits. Tiger Ronron enjoyed dancing by himself while carrying his broom. Sarapintada, also called Francinette, was an old cat who rested during the day and gave music lessons to rats at night. Matalote and Rapioca were stray cats who knew circus skills and singing but were mischievous and liked to pretend they were friends with the police. The Jélicos cats made pine cones and looked forward to dancing and singing at the moonlight ball each night.
Traditional recipes of europe
This document provides three traditional recipes from Europe:
1. Roasted cod with corn bread topping from Portugal, which involves baking cod with potatoes, onions, garlic and seasonings and topping it with cornbread.
2. Codfish à Brás from Portugal, a dish made with shredded cod, potatoes, eggs, onions, garlic and olive oil.
3. Minho and Trás-os-Montes tradition from Portugal of serving octopus for Christmas, which originated from religious restrictions on meat and the availability of preserved foods like cod and octopus during winter.
Recipes and tastes from rural areas
1) This document provides recipes and flavors from rural territories across Portugal, organized by region.
2) It includes over 250 recipes from all corners of Portugal, from soups, fish, meats and sweets unique to each area.
3) The recipes showcase the rich culinary heritage and ingredients of Portugal's rural regions.
Things from my school
Este documento lista vários itens relacionados à educação escolar em Portugal nas décadas de 1950-1960, incluindo livros didáticos, materiais escolares como pastas, estojo e livros de diferentes disciplinas para várias séries/anos letivos.
Integration games
The children arrive at school without knowing each other.
Activities are promoted to get to know each other and establish relationships.
White Rose and Red Rose
Two sisters, White Rose and Red Rose, live with their mother in a small hut in the forest. They help their mother and get along with the forest animals. A bear visits them each night and the children play with him. In the spring, the bear leaves but gives White Rose a gold token, hinting at buried treasure. The sisters later encounter a dwarf three times, and each time have to cut his beard to save him, making him angry. They finally see the dwarf with a prince he had cursed, and the prince kills the dwarf, breaking the curse. The prince and his brother marry the sisters and they share the dwarf's treasures.
Traditional Portuguese Christmas Recipes
The document discusses the tradition in Portugal of eating octopus for Christmas, noting that it originated from religious restrictions on meat during certain periods and the availability of preserved foods like cod and octopus during winter; it also notes the tradition continues today and octopus is often purchased from the neighboring region of Galicia.
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