a lunch time talk for in house training

1. 空间设计基础理念
Foundation of spatial design
[elementary level]
Wenfa 文发

2. Overview of presentation 汇报内容
Basic Series 基础系列 :
I Foundation of design thinking
设计思路基础
II. Design as a goal seeking process
III. 设计过程师和目标
III. Basic technique of design
初级设计方法
Mastering this you can achieve an intermediate level designer capability!
掌握这技巧你就有中等设计师实
力

3. What is design? 什么是设计 ?
Spatial Design are both the creation of object, its arrangement
as well as defining of spaces.
设计是创造物品 , 是布局设计和空降
设计
It is purposeful as well as problem solving bcos design can change
and affect not only how we see, experience but also the function of
our physical surrounding
设计必须有目的 , 意义和解决问题对
于
环境的感觉 , 感受与功能

4. What is spatial design? 什么是空间设
计 ?
Spatial Design = objects + configuration in a defined space
+ create space
空间设计 = 物件 + 布局设计在 3 维空间
+ 构造空间感
Good Spatial Design = attractive and meaningful to user
= theme + purposeful + interesting experience
优空间设计师 = 吸引 + 意义对于使用者
+ 主题 + 目的 + 有趣感受

5. Summary 总结
• Design = series of decision making to make something with value that is
interesting and purposeful
• 设计＝一系列的决策为了构造有价
值有趣和目的
BEFORE 前 AFTER 后

6. Spatial composition 空间布局 [ 构图 ] 技巧
Spatial Composition = selected elements + configuration in defined 3D space
空间布局 = 预选物件 + 布局在 3 维空
间
= subject of focus + secondary elements, their relationship + layering of
elements
= 焦点主物件 + 配物件 + 组成关系
+ 阶层分级
= theme, narration and engagement in space
= 主题 , 情节内容 + 交感

7. 2-D composition 布局– position of
viewer is overview 固定观点
3-D composition 布局– position of
viewer is multi-angle 灵活观点
Subject/object of
focus – 聚焦点 Other objects - 其他物
体
Background elements - 背景物体
Note: 背景是 3 维 抬来一定的布局难
度
Elementary composition 初级布局设计

8. 3-D composition – position of
viewer is multi-angle
Where is the Subject / object of
focus
– 那里是 聚焦
点 ?
Other objects
Background
elements is the
limit of visual plane
Note:
Composition in 2-D and 3-
D is different because of
perspective effect
What is the subject of
focus is also very different

9. Where is the subject of focus?
焦点在那？

10. Different types of composition – composing elements and subject of focus
不同的空间布局和焦点
Bground and fground
element balanced
Central relational
fground element
balanced
Central fground
element balanced
Central fground one
element balanced
Central fground elements
with hierarchal balanced
Dynamic, 2 bground
elements balanced

11. Project illustration 方案情况
SITESITE
SITESITE
Composition is determined
by 2D arrangement
Composition is determined
by 3D arrangement and the
position of the view angle.
Subject/object of
focus
Other objects
Background
elements
SITE
X
√

12. Summary 总结
Spatial composition must be conceived and generated only in
3D Space and not 2D i.e. plan view.
空间布局设计必须从 3D 空间来
考虑 , 只单考虑平面布局是不
足够 !

13. Simple design method 简单设计方法
• First decide what is the purpose and the spatial solution to the problem with the
programmatic requirement, site and context
确定目的功能解决方法对于项目 , 场地和当地环
境
• Choose an array of interesting objects. visual elements and novel configurations
pattern, make sure they have something in common
• 选定优质 , 有趣的物件 , 元素 和新奇构图 . 保
证他们有共同点
• Create hierarchy in subject of focus in relation to other objects and defined the
background space
• 构成层级布局关系对于物件 , 元素和背景空间
• Select a theme among all the objects, visual elements and elements in the
composition to unify them into a meaningful story and purpose for its form and space
i.e. sharing similar attributes, function and relationship
• 构成共同主题 为了达到目的 , 意义 , 情节内容

14. • Identify and establish a comparative benchmark to better upon in local or wider context
• 设定惯例超越标准
• Compose by conjecture, trial and error the chosen objects, configuration pattern and their
relational hierarchy in accordance to the theme, purpose and solution to functional requirement.
Resulting in options.
• 形成多选择设计方案
• Validate the options by comparing it to identified benchmark base on your own and collective
judgment (with client and user)
• 证实最好方案根据设计师和甲方认可
• As a guideline: Generally popular design is relatively good composition + good solution +
comfortable + interesting + having novelty compared to others
• 作为指导方针 , 好的设计方案在做比较时相对
来说达到平衡的构图 , 舒适 , 清晰空间感 , 有
趣 , 有新奇

15. Basic design principles 基本设计原则
• We only response and judge what we can see and focus upon or
experience.
• 我门只对能聚焦，看到和感受的东
西作反应和判断
• We respond to subject of focus (foreground object) and the background as
one pattern.
• 我门同时对焦点物件和背景作为一
个构图来反应
• When there is more than one object in the foreground and background what
stands out as subject of focus is due to proportion, scale ， contrast and
spatial layering. Background is what we cannot encompass within our visual
cone at the point of perception.

16. • Beautiful = attraction and meaningful
• 美＝吸引力 + 有价值意义 + 感受
• The value of beauty is always comparative and relative.
• 伸美的价值是相对于比较得出
•
Beauty is subjective and collectively objective.
• 美是主观性同时也是全体和解的客观
性
• In design there must be a theme and narration of engagement.
• 设计必须有主题，情节内容和感受
• we design not only what we react in visual composition but also quality of space due to
other aspect of our experience
• 空间设计必须考虑不只是视觉的因素
还有空间感对于其他感管的反应

17. Note and reminder 提示
While this overview gives a straight forward understanding of design but design
itself is an open-ended process.
设计是开放式问题
Design can be simple as well as very complicated.
设计可以是简单或者复杂
A good design challenges and explores new solution that break convention
through improvement and innovation
超过惯例达到改善和创新 .

18. Every situation can be made beautiful so don’t start only with beauty in mind
审美不应该是设计的开始实行
An original design solution is even harder to accomplish because we begin
design with no existing object and purpose in mind but led by seeking for
purposeful innovation.
原创设计和创新
But it simply comes down to asking why, how, what constantly in order to push
beyond the limit of convention ．
设计师必须不停提问为什么？为
了突破惯例极限
Design is ultimately rationale. 设计最后还是合理的

19. Example 案例
DESIGN PROCESS 设计过程

20. purpose and problem solving about the existing site and
surrounding environment
目的，解决问题对于现场情况与环境
From site and brief analysis, determining what do you need and want to put inside the space and the
spatial quality you want, which you think will achieve the purpose and solution[ 功能和其他要
求 ] of the surrounding site and context or those that are already design i.e. architectural design.
Example:
- Need a landscape for family activities,
- Existing site have ugly old buildings around it.
- Noisy on the top and west sides.
- Sun orientation limitation, etc.
Choose those objects [sculpture, water bodies, trees species, lawn, pavilion and playground image]
that you think are interesting, attractive and evocative.
Look at the site and start thinking want is the interesting arrangement and composition in scale,
proportion and pattern that can create the focus on the subject of focus and our response to the
object and the background. Here there is lots of trial and error and options generated.
Also here you need a theme to help u create a unifying framework that can come together nicely. For
instance a country style, art deco, miniminalist, contemporary a traditional Chinese themes, etc.
this theme will unite all the objects into a harmonious group and arrangement.
从现场与项目分析 , 确认空间 , 功能和物质需
求 . 在每个主空间加入你要的焦点物件和
备件 , 元素 . 然后探讨不同的平衡空间设
计布局于形成清晰空间感 , 主题 , 于感受

21. Project illustration 方案情况
SITESITE
SITESITE
Composition is determined
by 2D arrangement
Composition is determined
by 3D arrangement and the
position of the view angle.
Subject/object of
focus
Other objects
Background
elements
SITE
X
√

22. Choose the things and spatial quality
we want in the project
选最亮的形象 – 有主题的
A – 计
划

23. Design concept (option 2)
B – 计
划

24. Modern classical theme 现代古典

25. Miniminalist theme 极简

26. SITESITE
SITESITE
SITE
SITE
Option 1
Option 2
Option 3
Which is the preferred solution
depends on which best satisfy the
problem, the purpose, the novelty and
attractiveness requirements that is
realized as interesting space,
interesting objects and experience ?
最佳选择是根据我
们设定的要求

27. Conceptual material and Color Palette – Do not neglect details as they
determine the final quality of the design
不要护略细致对于材料属性和色调

28. A real project example 现实方案案例
明显的体会到 2D 和 3D 不同空间构思 . 设计必需从 3D 来
分析

29. Spatial design analysis 空间分析
Movement paths 观点路线Spatial zones 设计空间区

30. Development of composition in each spatial zone
深化布局设计对 主要间域

31. THEME – set by client and designer and aiming to create purposeful
solution and interesting experience
主题定位是甲方和设计师公同制订

32. 所谓的定位和思想 就是目的与解决
问题 和有趣感观

33. Light is the giver of form 灯是设计的灵魂

34. THANK YOU 谢谢
And I expect some questions and
comments from all of you